{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1781877634127,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009042","name":"Universidad de Sevilla","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Trichomoniasis, a disease caused by <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis,<\/jats:italic> is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. The importance of its diagnosis lies in its ease of transmission and the absence of symptoms in most cases, as occurs in men, which have a significant role as asymptomatic carriers. The most widely used diagnostic methods are the fresh examination of vaginal or urethral secretions and molecular techniques. However, as they have some disadvantages and, sometimes, low sensitivity, new trichomoniasis diagnostic methods are necessary. Volatile organic compounds in clinical samples are effective in the diagnosis of different diseases.  This work aimed\u00a0to study, for the first time, those present in vaginal discharge and urine of patients with <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> infection to look for volatile biomarkers. The results showed that volatile compounds such as 2-methyl-1-propanol and cyclohexanone could serve as biomarkers in vaginal discharge samples, as well as 2-octen-1-ol and 3-nonanone in urine. Moreover, 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl 2-methylpropanoate found in vaginal discharge, highly correlated to positive patients, is also highly related to urines of patients with trichomoniasis. The biomarkers described in this study might be a promising diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection is increasing<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis VOC study in vaginal discharge and urine was performed<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow a new diagnostic method<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12484-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T12:19:23Z","timestamp":1680610763000},"page":"3057-3069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Identification of volatile biomarkers of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in vaginal discharge and urine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rubio-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9703-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"R\u00edos-Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ubeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"12484_CR1","unstructured":"BD MAX\u2122 Vaginal Panel (2018) Package Insert\/Clinical Trial Data Accessed 21 September 2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"12484_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065148","volume":"8","author":"NC Beltr\u00e1n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e1n NC, Horv\u00e1thov\u00e1 L, Jedelsk\u00fd PL, Sedinov\u00e1 M, Rada P, Marcin\u010dikov\u00e1 M, Hrd\u00fd I, Tachezy J (2013) Iron-induced changes in the proteome of Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. 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Approval was granted by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee Ntra. Sra. de Valme University Hospital (Code: 0170-N-20).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}