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Under iron-deficiency conditions, they are produced by a wide variety of microbes, allowing them to increase their iron uptake. The primary function of these compounds is the environmental iron scavenging and its transport into the cytosol. Iron is then reduced to its ferrous form to operate as an enzymatic cofactor for various functions, including respiration, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, methanogenesis, and amino acid synthesis. Depending on their functional group, siderophores are classified into hydroxamate, catecholate, phenolate, carboxylate, and mixed types. They have achieved great importance in recent years due to their medical applications as antimicrobial, antimalarial, or anticancer drugs, vaccines, and drug-delivery agents. This review integrates current advances in specific healthcare applications of microbial siderophores, delineating new opportunities and challenges as viable therapies to fight against diseases that represent crucial public health problems in the medical field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Key points<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    \u2022\n                    <jats:italic>Siderophores are low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites functioning as iron chelators<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    \u2022\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>The siderophore\u2019s properties offer viable options to face diverse clinical problems<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    \u2022\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Siderophores are alternatives for the enhancement of antibiotic activities<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12742-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T04:02:34Z","timestamp":1695787354000},"page":"6751-6759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Opportunities and challenges of microbial siderophores in the medical field"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Ajit Kumar","family":"Passari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Ruiz-Villaf\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Cruz-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"D\u00edaz-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sanoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"12742_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8040455","volume":"8","author":"GA Abo-Zaid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abo-Zaid GA, Soliman NA-M, Abdullah AS, El-Sharouny EE, Matar SM, Sabry SA-F (2020) Maximization of siderophores production from biocontrol agents, Pseudomonas aeruginosa F2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens JY3 using batch and exponential fed-batch fermentation. 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