{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:27:07Z","timestamp":1782840427435,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan - High Expression of Thiopeptides and their Analogs","award":["2022YFC2105000-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105000-03"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan - High Expression of Thiopeptides and their Analogs","award":["2022\u20132026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u20132026"]}]},{"name":"The Innovation Program of Agricultural Science and Technology (ASTIP) in CAAS","award":["CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-02"]}]},{"name":"The key program of Innovation Program of Agricultural Science and Technology (ASTIP) in CAAS","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202111"]}]},{"name":"The key program of Innovation Program of Agricultural Science and Technology (ASTIP) in CAAS","award":["CAAS-ZDXT 201808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDXT 201808"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The low activity and yield of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are pressing problems. The improvement of activity and yield through modification and heterologous expression, a potential way to solve the problem, is a research hot-pot. In this work, a new plectasin-derived variant L-type AP138 (AP138L-arg26) was constructed for the study of recombination expression and druggablity. As a result, the total protein concentration of AP138L-arg26 was 3.1\u00a0mg\/mL in <jats:italic>Pichia pastoris<\/jats:italic> X-33 supernatant after 5\u00a0days of induction expression in a 5-L fermenter. The recombinant peptide AP138L-arg26 has potential antibacterial activity against selected standard and clinical Gram-positive bacteria (G<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2\u201316\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) and high stability under different conditions (temperature, pH, ion concentration) and 2\u2009\u00d7\u2009MIC of AP138L-arg26 could rapidly kill <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>) (&gt;\u200999.99%) within 1.5\u00a0h. It showed a high safety in vivo and in vivo and a long post-antibiotic effect (PAE, 1.91\u00a0h) compared with vancomycin (1.2\u00a0h). Furthermore, the bactericidal mechanism was revealed from two dimensions related to its disruption of the cell membrane resulting in intracellular potassium leakage (2.5-fold higher than control), and an increase in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and further intervening metabolism in <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. These results indicate that AP138L-arg26 as a new peptide candidate could be used for more in-depth development in the future.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>\u2022 The AP138L-arg26 was expressed in the P. pastoris expression system with high yield<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>\u2022 The AP138 L-arg26 showed high stability and safety in vitro and in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>\u2022 The AP138L-arg26 killed S. aureus by affecting cell membranes and metabolism<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12947-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T09:02:51Z","timestamp":1705136571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Expression and characterization of the new antimicrobial peptide AP138L-arg26 anti Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4048-6055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5","volume":"48","author":"J Andrews","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andrews J (2001) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 48(Suppl 1):5\u201316","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"12947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09020186","volume":"167","author":"P Blier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blier P, Ward HE, Tremblay P, Laberge L, H\u00e9bert C, Bergeron R (2010) Combination of antidepressant medications from treatment initiation for major depressive disorder: a double-blind randomized study. Am J Psychiatry 167(3):281\u2013288","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"12947_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6077-9","volume":"99","author":"X Cao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cao X, Zhang Y, Mao R, Teng D, Wang X, Wang J (2015) Design and recombination expression of a novel plectasin-derived peptide MP1106 and its properties against Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(6):2649\u20132662","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131301","volume":"10","author":"PC Coleman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coleman PC, Bale JS, Hayward SA (2015) Meat feeding restricts rapid cold hardening response and increases thermal activity thresholds of adult blow flies, Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). PLoS ONE 10(7):e0131301","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"12947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"J Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies J, Davies D (2010) Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74(3):417\u2013433","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"12947_CR6","first-page":"55","volume":"9","author":"G Delpech","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delpech G, Lissarrague S, Ceci M, Allende GL, Lallee A, Baldaccini B, Sparo DM (2019) Enterocin AP-7121: combination with colistin against human multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. J Integr OMICS 9(2):55\u201359","journal-title":"J Integr OMICS"},{"key":"12947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Sayed Ahmed MAE, Zhong LL, Shen C, Yang Y, Doi Y, Tian, GB (2020) Colistin and its role in the era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000\u20132019).\u00a0Emerg Microbes Infect\u00a09(1):868\u2013885","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1754133"},{"issue":"5","key":"12947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3816-z","volume":"95","author":"X Feng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feng X, Liu C, Guo J, Song X, Li J, Xu W, Li Z (2012) Recombinant expression, purification, and antimicrobial activity of a novel hybrid antimicrobial peptide LFT33. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 95(5):1191\u20131198","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"12947_CR9","first-page":"63","volume":"5","author":"RK Flamm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flamm RK, Rhomberg PR, Lindley JM, Sweeney K, Ellis-Grosse EJ, Shortridge D (2019) Evaluation of the bactericidal activity of fosfomycin in combination with selected antimicrobial comparison agents tested against Gram-negative bacterial strains by using time-kill curves. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5:63","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"12947_CR10","volume":"179","author":"X Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao X, Ding J, Liao C, Xu J, Liu X, Lu W (2021) Defensins: the natural peptide antibiotic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 179:114008","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"12947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20917","volume":"89","author":"E Glukhov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Glukhov E, Burrows LL, Deber CM (2008) Membrane interactions of designed cationic antimicrobial peptides: the two thresholds. Biopolymers 89(5):360\u2013371","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"issue":"19","key":"12947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911505","volume":"23","author":"G Gries","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gries G (2022) Characterization of new defensin antimicrobial peptides and their expression in bed bugs in response to bacterial ingestion and injection. Int J Mol Sci 23(19):11505","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7565","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S180040","volume":"13","author":"AC Groo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Groo AC, Matougui N, Umerska A, Saulnier P (2018) Reverse micelle-lipid nanocapsules: a novel strategy for drug delivery of the plectasin derivate AP138 antimicrobial peptide. Int J Nanomedicine 13:7565\u20137574","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"12947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao Y, Teng D, Mao R, Yang N, Wang J (2023) Site mutation improves the expression and antimicrobial properties of fungal defense. Antibiotics (Basel) 12(8):1283","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12081283"},{"issue":"9","key":"12947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11943-w","volume":"106","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Yang N, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Ma X, Wei L, Wang J (2022) Antibacterial peptide NZ2114-loaded hydrogel accelerates Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106(9):3639\u20133656","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199906000-00001","volume":"45","author":"KM Huttner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huttner KM, Bevins CL (1999) Antimicrobial peptides as mediators of epithelial host defense. Pediatr Res 45(6):785\u2013794","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"12947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D285","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1030","volume":"47","author":"JH Jhong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jhong JH, Chi YH, Li WC, Lin TH, Huang KY, Lee TY (2019) dbAMP: an integrated resource for exploring antimicrobial peptides with functional activities and physicochemical properties on transcriptome and proteome data. Nucleic Acids Res 47(D1):D285\u2013D297","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"12947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin Y, Yang N, Teng D, Hao Y, Mao R, Wang J (2023) Molecular modification of kex2 P1' site enhances expression and druggability of fungal defensin. Antibiotics (Basel) 12(4):786","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040786"},{"issue":"33","key":"12947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16529","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904700116","volume":"116","author":"W Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim W, Zou G, Hari TPA, Wilt IK, Zhu W, Galle N, Faizi HA, Hendricks GL, Tori K, Pan W, Huang X, Steele AD, Csatary EE, Dekarske MM, Rosen JL, Ribeiro NQ, Lee K, Port J, Fuchs BB, Vlahovska P, Mylonakis E (2019) A selective membrane-targeting repurposed antibiotic with activity against persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(33):16529\u201316534","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"12947_CR20","volume":"111","author":"HB Koo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koo HB, Seo J (2019) Antimicrobial peptides under clinical investigation. Peptide Sci 111(5):e24122","journal-title":"Peptide Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"12947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7652.2010.00538.x","volume":"9","author":"SB Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee SB, Li B, Jin S, Daniell H (2011) Expression and characterization of antimicrobial peptides Retrocyclin-101 and Protegrin-1 in chloroplasts to control viral and bacterial infections. Plant Biotechnol J 9(1):100\u2013115","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol J"},{"key":"12947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01057","volume":"11","author":"B Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li B, Yang N, Wang X, Hao Y, Mao R, Li Z, Wang Z, Teng D, Wang J (2020) An enhanced variant designed from DLP4 cationic peptide against Staphylococcus aureus CVCC 546. Front Microbiol 11:1057","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC05246D","volume":"9","author":"X Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin X, Liu Y, Deng J, Lyu Y, Qian P, Li Y, Wang S (2018) Multiple advanced logic gates made of DNA-Ag nanocluster and the application for intelligent detection of pathogenic bacterial genes. Chem Sci 9(7):1774\u20131781","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"12947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10313-3","volume":"104","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu H, Yang N, Mao R, Teng D, Hao Y, Wang X, Wang J (2020) A new high-yielding antimicrobial peptide NZX and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus hyicus in vitro\/vivo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104(4):1555\u20131568","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"12947_CR25","unstructured":"Lociuro S, Neve S, Zuegg J, Edwards IA, Cain AK, Boinett CJ, Barquist L, Lundberg CV, Steen J, Butler MS, Mobli M, Porter KM, Blaskovich MAT (2015) AP138, a second generation plectasin, shows good bactericidal properties and long post-antibiotic effect.\u00a0Final Programme. ECCMID"},{"issue":"11","key":"12947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00100","volume":"3","author":"Z Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma Z, Han J, Chang B, Gao L, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhao H, Zhang C, Bie X (2017) Membrane-active amphipathic peptide WRL3 with in vitro antibiofilm capability and in vivo efficacy in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus burn wound infections. ACS Infect Dis 3(11):820\u2013832","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"12947_CR27","first-page":"255","volume":"111","author":"SA McEwen","year":"2018","unstructured":"McEwen SA, Collignon PJ (2018) Antimicrobial resistance: a One Health Perspective. Microbiol Spectr 111(6):255\u2013260","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"12947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.06.044","volume":"59","author":"JY Miao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miao JY, Zhou JL, Liu G, Chen FL, Chen YJ, Gao XY, Dxion XY, Song MY, Xiao H, Cao Y (2016) Membrane disruption and DNA binding of Staphylococcus aureus cell induced by a novel antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans FX-6. Food Control 59:609\u2013613","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"7061","key":"12947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04051","volume":"437","author":"PH Mygind","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mygind PH, Fischer RL, Schnorr KM, Hansen MT, S\u00f6nksen CP, Ludvigsen S, Ravent\u00f3s D, Buskov S, Christensen B, De Maria L, Taboureau O, Yaver D, Elvig-J\u00f8rgensen SG, S\u00f8rensen MV, Christensen BE, Kjaerulff S, Frimodt-Moller N, Lehrer RI, Zasloff M, Kristensen HH (2005) Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a saprophytic fungus. Nature 437(7061):975\u2013980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"12947_CR30","first-page":"e02616","volume":"63","author":"JT Oh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oh JT, Cassino C, Schuch R (2019) Postantibiotic and Sub-MIC effects of Exebacase (Lysin CF-301) enhance antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 63(6):e02616-e2618","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"12947_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Othman M, S Ratna, Tewari A, Kang A, Du K, Vaisman I (2018) Machine learning classification of antimicrobial peptides using reduced alphabets. The 2018 ACM International Conference 18: 548","DOI":"10.1145\/3233547.3233657"},{"issue":"12","key":"12947_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00307-09","volume":"53","author":"N Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel N, Lubanski P, Ferro S, Bonafede M, Harrington S, Evans A, Stellrecht K, Lodise TP (2009) Correlation between vancomycin MIC values and those of other agents against Gram-positive bacteria among patients with bloodstream infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(12):5141\u20135144","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"12947_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001067","volume":"6","author":"BM Peters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peters BM, Shirtliff ME, Jabra-Rizk MA (2010) Antimicrobial peptides: primeval molecules or future drugs? PLoS Pathog 6(10):e1001067","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"9","key":"12947_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz223","volume":"74","author":"SN Pinto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinto SN, Dias SA, Cruz AF, Mil-Homens D, Fernandes F, Valle J, Andreu D, Prieto M, Castanho MARB, Coutinho A, Veiga AS (2019) The mechanism of action of pepR, a viral-derived peptide, against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 74(9):2617\u20132625","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"D1","key":"12947_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D288","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa991","volume":"49","author":"M Pirtskhalava","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pirtskhalava M, Amstrong AA, Grigolava M, Chubinidze M, Alimbarashvili E, Vishnepolsky B, Gabrielian A, Rosenthal A, Hurt DE, Tartakovsky M (2021) DBAASP v3: database of antimicrobial\/cytotoxic activity and structure of peptides as a resource for development of new therapeutics. Nucleic Acids Res 49(D1):D288\u2013D297","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12947_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-8-0006","volume":"8","author":"AG Rao","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rao AG (1995) Antimicrobial peptides. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 8(1):6\u201313","journal-title":"Mol Plant Microbe Interact"},{"issue":"3","key":"12947_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340200303","volume":"20","author":"B Rost","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rost B, Sander C (1994) Conservation and prediction of solvent accessibility in protein families. Proteins 20(3):216\u2013226","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"issue":"5982","key":"12947_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185723","volume":"328","author":"T Schneider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schneider T, Kruse T, Wimmer R, Wiedemann I, Sass V, Pag U, Jansen A, Nielsen AK, Mygind PH, Ravent\u00f3s DS, Neve S, Ravn B, Bonvin AM, De Maria L, Andersen AS, Gammelgaard LK, Sahl HG, Kristensen HH (2010) Plectasin, a fungal defensin, targets the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II. Science 328(5982):1168\u20131172","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"12947_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"79","author":"PF She","year":"2022","unstructured":"She PF, LiuYQ XuLL, Li ZH, Li YM, Liu SS, Li LH, Yang YF, Zhou LY, Wu Y (2022) L007\u20130069 kills Staphylococcus aureus in high resistant phenotypes. Cell Mol Life Sci 79(11):1\u201316","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"12947_CR40","volume":"12","author":"W Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen W, Yang N, Teng D, Hao Y, Ma X, Mao R, Wang J (2021) Design and high expression of non-glycosylated lysostaphins in Pichia pastoris and their pharmacodynamic study. Front Microbiol 12:637662","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12947_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03899-4","volume":"5","author":"J Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi J, Chen C, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu Y (2022) The antimicrobial peptide LI14 combats multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Commun Biol 5(1):926","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"12947_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7396","volume":"92","author":"K Shinohara","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shinohara K, Honma S, Katsuno Y, Abe H, Honma K (1995) Two distinct oscillators in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(16):7396\u20137400","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"12947_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu018","volume":"30","author":"G Stecher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stecher G, Liu L, Sanderford M, Peterson D, Tamura K, Kumar S (2014) MEGA-MD: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software with mutational diagnosis of amino acid variation. Bioinformatics 30(9):1305\u20131307","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"12947_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.04.028","volume":"506","author":"A Umerska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Umerska A, Matougui N, Groo AC, Saulnier P (2016) Understanding the adsorption of salmon calcitonin, antimicrobial peptide AP114 and polymyxin B onto lipid nanocapsules. Int J Pharm 506(1\u20132):191\u2013200","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"12947_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S139625","volume":"12","author":"A Umerska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Umerska A, Cassisa V, Bastiat G, Matougui N, Nehme H, Manero F, Eveillard M, Saulnier P (2017) Synergistic interactions between antimicrobial peptides derived from plectasin and lipid nanocapsules containing monolaurin as a cosurfactant against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Nanomedicine 12:5687\u20135699","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"12947_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1154","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1157","volume":"D1","author":"FH Waghu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waghu FH, Gopi L, Barai RS, Ramteke P, Nizami B, Idicula-Thomas S (2014) CAMP: collection of sequences and structures of antimicrobial peptides. Nucleic Acids Res D1:D1154\u2013D1158","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"12947_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1278","volume":"D1","author":"G Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang G, Li X, Wang Z (2016) APD3: the antimicrobial peptide database as a tool for research and education. Nucleic Acids Res D1:D1087\u2013D1093","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12947_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22245-5","volume":"8","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang X, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Li Z, Wang J (2018) Increased intracellular activity of MP1102 and NZ2114 against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 8(1):4204","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"12947_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0761-3","volume":"3","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu X, Da Teng MR, Hao Y, Yang N, Wang X, Li Z, Wang XM, Wang J (2020) Development of chimeric peptides to facilitate the neutralisation of lipopolysaccharides during bactericidal targeting of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Commun Biol 3(1):41","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"12947_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.028","volume":"175","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang C, Hong T, Cui P, Wang J, Xia J (2021a) Antimicrobial peptides towards clinical application: delivery and formulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 175:113818","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"12947_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7630","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00334","volume":"64","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Ansari MF, Zhou CH (2021b) Identification of unique quinazolone thiazoles as novel structural scaffolds for potential Gram-negative bacterial conquerors. J Med Chem 64(11):7630\u20137645","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"12947_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.521","volume":"3","author":"I Wiegand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock RE (2008) Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nat Protoc 3(2):163\u2013175","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"12947_CR53","first-page":"163","volume":"3","author":"G Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu G, Khodaparast L, Khodaparast L, De Vleeschouwer M, Housmans J, Houben B, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F (2021) Investigating the mechanism of action of aggregation-inducing antimicrobial Pept-ins. Cell Chem Biol 3(2):163\u2013175","journal-title":"Cell Chem Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12947_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-00996-8","volume":"11","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhou X, Chen Q, Chen Z, Zhang J, Yang L, Sun Y, Wang G, Dai J, Feng T (2022) Defensins as a promising class of tick antimicrobial peptides: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 11(1):71","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"W1","key":"12947_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W174","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv342","volume":"43","author":"J Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhang Y (2015) I-TASSER server: new development for protein structure and function predictions. Nucleic Acids Res 43(W1):W174\u2013W181","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"12947_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09785-0","volume":"103","author":"N Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang N, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang J (2019) A recombinant fungal defensin-like peptide-P2 combats multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(13):5193\u20135213","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"12947_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.08.031","volume":"147","author":"H Yao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yao H, Wynendaele E, Xu X, Kosgei A, De Spiegeleer B (2018) Circular dichroism in functional quality evaluation of medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 147:50\u201364","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"12947_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.12.061","volume":"121","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng Z, Wang Y, Anwar M, Hu Z, Wang C, Lou S, Li H (2022) Molecular cloning and expression analysis of mytilin-like antimicrobial peptides from Asian green mussel Perna viridis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 121:239\u2013244","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12947_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2011.04.014","volume":"78","author":"J Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yang Y, Teng D, Tian Z, Wang S, Wang J (2011) Expression of plectasin in Pichia pastoris and its characterization as a new antimicrobial peptide against Staphyloccocus and Streptococcus. Protein Expr Purif 78(2):189\u2013196","journal-title":"Protein Expr Purif"},{"issue":"2","key":"12947_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-4881-2","volume":"98","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Teng D, Mao R, Wang X, Xi D, Hu X, Wang J (2014) High expression of a plectasin-derived peptide NZ2114 in Pichia pastoris and its pharmacodynamics, postantibiotic and synergy against Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98(2):681\u2013694","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12947_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11135-y","volume":"105","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Ma X, Teng D, Fan H, Wang J (2021) A recombinant fungal defensin-like peptide-P2 combats Streptococcus dysgalactiae and biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105(4):1489\u20131504","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"19","key":"12947_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11500-x","volume":"105","author":"X Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng X, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Hu F, Wang J (2021) A study on fungal defensin against multidrug-resistant Clostridium perfringens and its treatment on infected poultry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105(19):7265\u20137282","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"12947_CR63","volume":"13","author":"X Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng X, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Teng D, Wang J (2022) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fungal defensin NZX against Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse peritonitis model. Front Microbiol 13:865774","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12947-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12947-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12947-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T20:46:51Z","timestamp":1748378811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12947-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12947-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0175-7598","1432-0614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0175-7598","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The mouse experiment was performed according to the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee and its Inspection of the Feed Research Institute of CAAS (AEC-CAAS-20090609).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"111"}}