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To explore the importance of the host gut microbiota and to investigate its changes during <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> infection, two different groups of mouse models were assessed. The microbiome of two parts of the host gut\u2014ileum and colon\u2014from infected and non-infected mice were characterised by sequencing of 16S rDNA using an Ion Torrent PGM platform. Microbiome analysis was performed to reveal changes related to the susceptibility and the genetics of mice strains in two different gut compartments and to compare the results between infected and non-infected mice. The results showed that <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection affects mainly the ileum microbiota, whereas the colon bacterial community was more stable. Different biomarkers were determined in the gut microbiota of infected resistant mice and infected susceptible mice using LEfSe analysis. Lactobacillaceae was associated with resistance in the colon microbiota of all resistant mice strains infected with <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>. Genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and amino acid metabolism were primarily enriched in the small intestine microbiome of resistant strains, while genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were most abundant in the gut microbiome of the infected susceptible mice. These results should improve our understanding of host-parasite interaction and provide important insights into the effect of leishmaniasis on the gut microbiota. Also, this study highlights the role of host genetic variation in shaping the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>\u2022 Leishmaniasis may affect mainly the ileum microbiota while colon microbiota was more stable.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>\u2022 Biomarkers related with resistance or susceptibility were determined in the gut microbiota of mice.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>\u2022 Several pathways were predicted to be upregulated in the gut microbiota of resistant or susceptible mice.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13002-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T08:02:23Z","timestamp":1705651343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Leishmania major infection on the gut microbiome of resistant and susceptible mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Jakub","family":"Mr\u00e1zek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Mr\u00e1zkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chahrazed","family":"Mekadim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta\u0165\u00e1na","family":"Jaro\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imtissal","family":"Krayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahya","family":"Sohrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Demant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Lipoldov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"13002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21767\/1791-809x.1000519","volume":"11","author":"B Alemayehu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alemayehu B, Alemayehu M (2017) Leishmaniasis: a review on parasite, vector and reservoir host. 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New York ISBN 978\u20133\u2013319\u201324277\u20134. https:\/\/ggplot2.tidyverse.org"}],"container-title":["Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13002-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13002-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13002-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T20:48:13Z","timestamp":1748378893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13002-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13002-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0175-7598","1432-0614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0175-7598","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experimental protocols utilised in this study comply with the Czech Government Requirements under the Policy of Animal Protection Law (No. 246\/1992) and with the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (No. 207\/2004), which are in agreement with all relevant European Union guidelines for work with animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of the Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR and by Departmental Expert Committee for the Approval of Projects of Experiments on Animals of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (permissions Nr. 190\/2010; 232\/2012). All tested strains except B10.O20 are available from Dr. Peter Demant, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. Strain B10.O20 is available from The Jackson Laboratory, USA, strain 38154.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"145"}}