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The lectin concentration within prepared conjugates was estimated using nannodrop, and the highest concentration was 0.96\u00a0mg\/ml in PHA-CHNPs. SDS-PAGE showed the molecular weights of conjugates ranged from 26.9 to 63.9\u00a0kDa. UV spectrophotometer recorded the absorbance peaks of conjugates somewhere between 200 and 230\u00a0nm. Hemagglutination analysis verified the presence of actively binding lectins. The three conjugates showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to pure lectins and chitosan nanoparticles. The highest inhibition zone was 55.67\u2009\u00b1\u20094.04, 38.67\u2009\u00b1\u20095.51, and 37.33\u2009\u00b1\u20092.52 for PHA-CHNPs against <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>, respectively, followed by 36.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 for PNA-CHNPs against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. The lowest MIC was 1.5\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml for PHA-CHNPs against <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, followed by 12\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml for PNA-CHNPs and SBA-CHNPs against <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, respectively. TEM microphotographs show the conjugation pattern between lectins and chitosan nanoparticles and the morphological differences between control, treated bacteria, and cancer cells. Moreover, 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml of PHA-CHNPs affect tongue carcinoma (HNO-97), colorectal cancer (HT-29), and human melanoma (A375) cancer cell lines, reducing cell viability by 38.78\u2009\u00b1\u20091.85%, 49.88\u2009\u00b1\u20091.11%, and 66.92\u2009\u00b1\u20093.60%, respectively. This study develops three innovative conjugates of lectin chitosan nanoparticles that need to be tested as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents for medical and cancer therapy applications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Lectin-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>All conjugates are safe for oral epithelial cells and human skin fibroblasts.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>The PHA-CHNP conjugates have anticancer activity against HNO-97, HT-29, and A375.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13344-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T04:31:33Z","timestamp":1732681893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antibacterial and anticancer activities of three novel lectin-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mervat Mounir","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einas Hamed","family":"El-Shatoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda Mahmoud Ibrahim","family":"El-Araby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"13344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.47750\/pnr.2022.13.04.054","volume":"13","author":"SS Abdullah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdullah SS, Salman SA, Kadhim A, Haleem AM (2022) Size control of Ag nanoparticles synthesized by PLA method in different liquid environments and their potent against virulent Candida Albicans. 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