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Bacteriophages have emerged as promising natural antibacterial agents, offering a targeted approach to combating bacterial infections. Combining bacteriophages with nanoparticles presents a novel approach that could enhance antibacterial potency while reducing the risk of resistance. While phage\/antibiotic cocktails are widely explored to enhance antibacterial efficacy and prevent resistance, research on phage\/nanoparticle combinations remains limited. We explore the synergy between green tea extract-capped silver nanoparticles (G-TeaNPs) and bacteriophages in combating pathogenic bacteria (methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). G-TeaNPs show minimal antiphage activity, ensuring compatibility in phage-NP formulations. These combinations significantly reduce bacterial counts in a short time (only 3\u00a0h), e.g.,\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      survival is around 30% after incubation with just 0.001\u00a0mg\/mL of G-TeaNPs, while G-TeaNPs and phages alone result in around 80% and 70% survival, respectively. Cytotoxicity tests against eukaryotic 3T3 NIH fibroblast cells confirm biocompatibility at effective concentrations. Additionally, we examine G-TeaNPs\u2019 impact on the free-living protist\n                      <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Both green tea extract and G-TeaNPs can reduce\n                      <jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                      cell counts by 80%, but only at high concentrations. Microscopy revealed nanoparticle uptake by amoebae, causing intracellular accumulation and vacuolization, while green tea extract induced similar changes without uptake. Our findings highlight G-TeaNPs as safe, effective agents in phage\/nanoparticle antibacterial formulations with dual antimicrobial and amoebicidal properties for therapeutic and environmental applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Keypoints<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Silver nanoparticles synthesized with tea extracts (G-TeaNPs) have a minimal effect on the tested viruses.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Combining G-TeaNP with bacteriophages offers new-generation antibacterial cocktails.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Green tea extracts and AgNPs present concentration-dependent anti-amoebic activity.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13526-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T15:35:29Z","timestamp":1748532929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phage\/nanoparticle cocktails for a biocompatible and environmentally friendly antibacterial therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Wdowiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sada","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Grotek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Zbonikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julita","family":"Nowakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Doligalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningjing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Paczesny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"13526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060678","volume":"10","author":"AS Abdelsattar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelsattar AS, Nofal R, Makky S, Safwat A, Taha A, El-Shibiny A (2021) The synergistic effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and phage zcse2 as a novel approach to combat multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica. 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