{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:12:18Z","timestamp":1787728338886,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sohag University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sustainable biosynthesis of monodisperse, bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) integrated with nanofabricated kombucha SCOBY cellulose membrane (KC) was achieved using the endophytic fungus\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>fumigatiaffinis<\/jats:italic>\n                      PP235788.1 fungal filtrate. This study is the first to optimize AgNP synthesis via full-factorial design of experiments (DOEs) and response surface methodology (RSM), identifying ideal conditions (2\u00a0mmol L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      AgNO\u2083, pH 8 and 60\u00a0\u00b0C). Characterization revealed spherical AgNPs (14.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58\u00a0nm) and AgNPs@KC composites (17.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36\u00a0nm); SEM imaging demonstrates the successful fusion of AgNPs within KC\u2019s fibrous membrane, creating a seamlessly integrated nanocomposite with enhanced functional architecture.\u00a0The formed nanoparticles were composed of crystalline mettalic silver, as varified by\u00a0XRD (detected planes at 111, 200, and 220), and were stabilized by amide groups, as identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity with an increase in inhibition zones from 11.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0mm at 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL to 36.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0mm at 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and from 9.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u00a0mm to 34.33\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00a0mm for\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Fungal pathogens displayed diminished sensitivity, with\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus niger<\/jats:italic>\n                      achieving maximum inhibition (25.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0mm) at 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. necessitated\u2009\u2265\u200960\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for observable inhibition zones. AgNPs@KC composites demonstrated broad-spectrum efficacy against 12 pathogens (ANOVA,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u200995%), with maximal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>niger<\/jats:italic>\n                      (33.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0mm). These findings highlight the integration of mycosynthesized AgNPs with kombucha SCOBY cellulose membranes, offering a novel and unique platform for antimicrobial approaches with exceptional purity and distinctive physiological characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>AgNPs optimized via DOE\/RSM.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>AgNPs@KC shows potent antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Novel mycosynthesis of AgNPs with KC membranes.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13585-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T03:13:36Z","timestamp":1759115616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optimized biosynthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticle-kombucha cellulose nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"M. Bassam","family":"Aboul-Nasr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa A.","family":"Yasien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabah S.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Obiedallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.21608\/jesj.2021.205306","volume":"24","author":"MB Aboul-Nasr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aboul-Nasr MB, Mohamed SS, Yasien AA (2021) Fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillosis causing fungi. Journal of Environmental Studies 24(1):42\u201352","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"key":"13585_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adeleke, B. S., Olowe, O. M., Ayilara, M. S., Fasusi, O. A., Omotayo, O. P., Fadiji, A. E., ... & Babalola, O. O. (2024). Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms: a focus on endophytic fungi. Heliyon, 10(21).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39636"},{"issue":"4","key":"13585_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7765(02)00174-1","volume":"28","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Mukherjee P, Senapati S, Mandal D, Khan MI, Kumar R, Sastry M (2003) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids Surf, B 28(4):313\u2013318","journal-title":"Colloids Surf, B"},{"key":"13585_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.093","volume":"128","author":"HB Ahmed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmed HB, Attia MA, El-Dars FM, Emam HE (2019) Hydroxyethyl cellulose for spontaneous synthesis of antipathogenic nanostructures:(Ag & Au) nanoparticles versus Ag-Au nano-alloy. Int J Biol Macromol 128:214\u2013229","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13140","volume":"121","author":"H Ammar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ammar H, El-Desouky TA (2016) Green synthesis of nanosilver particles by Aspergillus terreus HA1N and Penicillium expansum HA2N and its antifungal activity against mycotoxigenic fungi. J Appl Microbiol 121(1):89\u2013100","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"13585_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, I. M., Silva, R. R., Pacheco, G., Lustri, W. R., Tercjak, A., Gutierrez, J., ... & Barud, H. S. (2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of bacterial cellulose\u2013copper oxide nanocomposites and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity.\u00a0Carbohydrate polymers,\u00a0179, 341\u2013349.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.09.081"},{"key":"13585_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.01.008","volume":"24","author":"P Azmath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azmath P, Baker S, Rakshith D, Satish S (2016) Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles bearing antibacterial activity. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 24:140\u2013146","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"13585_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2015.05.009","volume":"178","author":"MD Balakumaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balakumaran MD, Ramachandran R, Kalaicheilvan PT (2015) Exploitation of endophytic fungus, Guignardia mangiferae for extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their in vitro biological activities. Microbiol Res 178:9\u201317","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"13585_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barud, H., Ribeiro, C., Crespi, M., Martines, M., Dexpert-Ghys, J., Marques, R., ... & Ribeiro, S. (2007). Thermal characterization of bacterial cellulose\u2013phosphate composite membranes.\u00a0Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,\u00a087(3), 815\u2013818.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-006-8170-5"},{"key":"13585_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barud, H. S., Barrios, C., Regiani, T., Marques, R. F., Verelst, M., Dexpert-Ghys, J., ... & Ribeiro, S. J. (2008). Self-supported silver nanoparticles containing bacterial cellulose membranes.\u00a0Materials Science and Engineering: C,\u00a028(4), 515\u2013518.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2007.05.001"},{"issue":"7","key":"13585_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.200800647","volume":"32","author":"R Bhambure","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhambure R, Bule M, Shaligram N, Kamat M, Singhal R (2009) Extracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Aspergillus niger\u2013its characterization and stability. Chemical Engineering & Technology: Industrial Chemistry-Plant Equipment-Process Engineering-Biotechnology 32(7):1036\u20131041","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering & Technology: Industrial Chemistry-Plant Equipment-Process Engineering-Biotechnology"},{"key":"13585_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birla, S. S., Gaikwad, S. C., Gade, A. K. & Rai, M. K. (2013). Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Fusarium oxysporum by optimizing physicocultural conditions. The Scientific World Journal","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/796018"},{"key":"13585_CR13","unstructured":"Chawla, P. R., Bajaj, I. B., Survase, S. A., & Singhal, R. S. (2009). Microbial cellulose: fermentative production and applications.\u00a0Food Technology & Biotechnology,\u00a04 Chawla 7(2)."},{"key":"13585_CR14","unstructured":"OriginLab Corporation (2025) OriginPro 2025 [Computer software]. Northampton, MA, USA: OriginLab Corporation. Available at: https:\/\/www.originlab.com"},{"key":"13585_CR15","unstructured":"da Silva, E. S. (2024). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles-process optimization and characterization of production mechanisms (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade do Minho (Portugal))."},{"key":"13585_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva, M. A., Crawford, A., Mundy, J. M., Correlo, V. M., Sol, P., Bhattacharya, M., ... & Neves, N. M. (2010). Chitosan\/polyester-based scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering: assessment of extracellular matrix formation.\u00a0Acta Biomaterialia,\u00a06(3), 1149\u20131157.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.09.006"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"13585_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2009.01.007","volume":"63","author":"LC de Santa Maria","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Santa Maria LC, Santos AL, Oliveira PC, Barud HS, Messaddeq Y, Ribeiro SJ (2009) Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles impregnated into bacterial cellulose. Mater Lett 63(9\u201310):797\u2013799","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"13585_CR18","volume-title":"Unbounding the future: the nanotechnology revolution","author":"KE Drexler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Drexler KE, Peterson C, Pergamit G (1991) Unbounding the future: the nanotechnology revolution. Morrow, New York."},{"issue":"3","key":"13585_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-0165-2","volume":"13","author":"L Du","year":"2011","unstructured":"Du L, Xian L, Feng J-X (2011) Rapid extra-\/intracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus Penicillium sp. J Nanopart Res 13(3):921\u2013930","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"13585_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2015.04.003","volume":"160","author":"L Du","year":"2015","unstructured":"Du L, Xu Q, Huang M, Xian L, Feng J-X (2015) Synthesis of small silver nanoparticles under light radiation by fungus Penicillium oxalicum and its application for the catalytic reduction of methylene blue. Mater Chem Phys 160:40\u201347","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"13585_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-018-1331-3","volume":"27","author":"HE Emam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emam HE (2019) Arabic gum as bio-synthesizer for Ag\u2013Au bimetallic nanocomposite using seed-mediated growth technique and its biological efficacy. J Polym Environ 27:210\u2013223","journal-title":"J Polym Environ"},{"key":"13585_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayaz, A. M., Balaji, K., Girilal, M., Yadav, R., Kalaichelvan, P. T., and Venketesan, R. (2010). Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: a study against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology,Biology and Medicine, 6(1), 103\u2013109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2009.04.006"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"13585_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/s1517-707620170005.0270","volume":"22","author":"MR Fischer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fischer MR, Garcia MCF, Nogueira AL, Porto LM, Schneider ALDS, Pezzin APT (2017) Bioss\u00edntese e caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o de nanocelulose bacteriana para engenharia de tecidos. Mat\u00e9ria (Rio De Janeiro) 22(Suppl 1):e11934","journal-title":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio De Janeiro)"},{"key":"13585_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-015-0844-3","volume":"23","author":"JF Godinho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Godinho JF, Berti FV, M\u00fcller D, Rambo CR, Porto LM (2016) Incorporation of Aloe vera extracts into nanocellulose during biosynthesis. Cellulose 23:545\u2013555","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"13585_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, S.& Bector, S. (2013). Biosynthesis of extracellular and intracellular gold nanoparticles by Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 103 (5), 1113\u20131123.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-013-9892-6"},{"key":"13585_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurunathan, S., Kalishwaralal, K., Vaidyanathan, R., Venkataraman, D., Pandian, S. R. K., Muniyandi, J., ... & Eom, S. H. (2009). Biosynthesis, purification and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Escherichia coli. Colloids and Surfaces B, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 328\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.07.048"},{"issue":"23","key":"13585_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4401","DOI":"10.1021\/cm034720r","volume":"15","author":"J He","year":"2003","unstructured":"He J, Kunitake T, Nakao A (2003) Facile in situ synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles in porous cellulose fibers. Chem Mater 15(23):4401\u20134406","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"key":"13585_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2006.09.028","volume":"67","author":"MI Husseiny","year":"2007","unstructured":"Husseiny MI, El-Aziz MA, Badr Y, Mahmoud MA (2007) Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Spectrochim Acta a: Mol Biomol Spectrosc 67:1003\u20131006","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta a: Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"13585_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjbas.2015.07.004","volume":"4","author":"SM Husseiny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Husseiny SM, Salah TA, Anter HA (2015) Biosynthesis of size controlled silver nanoparticles by Fusarium oxysporum, their antibacterial and antitumor activities. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4(3):225\u2013231","journal-title":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"13585_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irfan M, Nasir F, Naveed M, Javed S, Yousaf Z, Shafiq S, Munir H (2025) Unlocking the potential of plant gums: bioinformatics-driven insights into green synthesis and applications of metal-based nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromolecules\u00a0142584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142584"},{"key":"13585_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, N., Bhargava, A., Majumdar, S., Tarafdar, J., & Panwar J. (2011). Extracellular biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus flavus NJP08: a mechanism perspective. Nanoscale, 3(2): 635_641.","DOI":"10.1039\/C0NR00656D"},{"issue":"4","key":"13585_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12073","volume":"13","author":"R Jayabalan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayabalan R, Malba\u0161a RV, Lon\u010dar ES, Vitas JS, Sathishkumar M (2014) A review on kombucha tea\u2014microbiology, composition, fermentation, beneficial effects, toxicity, and tea fungus. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 13(4):538\u2013550","journal-title":"Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety"},{"issue":"21","key":"13585_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.05.051","volume":"100","author":"K Kalimuthu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalimuthu K, Venkataraman D, Pandian S, Sangiliyandi G (2009) Biological synthesis of gold nanocubes from Bacillus licheniformis. Biores Technol 100(21):5356\u20135358","journal-title":"Biores Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"13585_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1021\/jp026731y","volume":"107","author":"KL Kelly","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kelly KL, Coronado E, Zhao LL, Schatz GC (2003) The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment. J Phys Chem B 107(3):668\u2013677","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"issue":"22","key":"13585_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200460587","volume":"44","author":"D Klemm","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed 44(22):3358\u20133393","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/14\/1\/321","volume":"14","author":"M Kowshik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kowshik M, Ashtaputre S, Kharrazi S, Vogel W, Urban J, Kulkarni SK, Paknikar KM (2002) Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a silver-tolerant yeast strain MKY3. Nanotechnology 14(1):95","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"13585_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucukcobanoglu, Y., Ayisigi, M., Haseki, S., & Aktas, L. Y. (2021). In situ green synthesis of cellulose based silver nanocomposite and its catalytic dye removal potential against methylene blue.\u00a0Journal of Cluster Science, 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-021-02093-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1021\/jp808292s","volume":"113","author":"S Kundu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kundu S, Wang K, Liang H (2009) Size-controlled synthesis and self-assembly of silver nanoparticles within a minute using microwave irradiation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113(1):134\u2013141","journal-title":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry C"},{"key":"13585_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Wang, L., Chen, S., Feng, C., Chen, S., Yin, N., ... & Xu, Y. (2015). Facilely green synthesis of silver nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose.\u00a0Cellulose,\u00a022, 373\u2013383.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-014-0487-9"},{"key":"13585_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang M., Wei S., Jian-Xin L., Xiao-Xi Z., Zhi H., Wen L., \u2026 & Tang, J. X. (2017). Optimization for extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Penicillium aculeatum Su1 and their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect compared with silver ions. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 77, 963\u2013971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.294"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.07.025","volume":"72","author":"T Maneerung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maneerung T, Tokura S, Rujiravanit R (2008) Impregnation of silver nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose for antimicrobial wound dressing. Carbohyd Polym 72(1):43\u201351","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym"},{"issue":"68","key":"13585_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42750","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA06713E","volume":"7","author":"MP Menon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menon MP, Selvakumar R, Ramakrishna S (2017) Extraction and modification of cellulose nanofibers derived from biomass for environmental application. RSC Adv 7(68):42750\u201342773","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"13585_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-007-9275-x","volume":"10","author":"P Mohanpuria","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mohanpuria P, Rana NK, Yadav SK (2008) Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: technological concepts and future applications. J Nanopart Res 10(3):507\u2013517","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"13585_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee, P., Ahmad, A., Mandal, D., Senapati, S., Sainkar, S. R., Khan, M. I., ... and Sastry, M. (2001). Fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their immobilization in the mycelial matrix: a novel biological approach to nanoparticle synthesis. Nano letters, 1(10), 515\u2013519.","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0155274"},{"issue":"5","key":"13585_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-7633(20020503)3:5<461::AID-CBIC461>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"3","author":"P Mukherjee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mukherjee P, Senapati S, Mandal D, Ahmad A, Khan MI, Kumar R, Sastry M (2002) Extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. ChemBioChem 3(5):461\u2013463","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"13585_CR46","unstructured":"Narasimha, G., Praveen, B., Mallikarjuna, K. & DEVA, P.R.B . (2011). Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) mediated biosynthesis of sliver nanoparticles, characterization and their antimicrobial activity. 29\u201336"},{"issue":"8","key":"13585_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-0208-8","volume":"13","author":"RR Nayak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nayak RR, Pradhan N, Behera D, Pradhan KM, Mishra S, Sukla LB, Mishra BK (2013) Green synthesis of silver 195 nanoparticle by Penicillium purpurogenum NPMF: the process and optimization. J Nanopart Res 13(8):3129\u20133137","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13230-2","volume":"108","author":"M Obiedallah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Obiedallah M, Yasien AA, Mohamed SS, Aboul-Nasr MB (2024) Endophytic Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis: novel paclitaxel production and optimisation insights. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 108(1):405","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"13585_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patra, J. K. and Baek, K. H. (2014). Green nanobiotechnology: factors affecting synthesis and characterization techniques. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/417305"},{"issue":"6","key":"13585_CR50","first-page":"1781","volume":"46","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pfaller MA, Barry AL, Rennie RP, Fuchs PC, Brown SD (2008) Precision and accuracy of fluconazole susceptibility testing by broth microdilution, E-test, and disk diffusion methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46(6):1781\u20131784","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"13585_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257-008-0222-1","volume":"14","author":"P Prema","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prema P, Rincy R (2009) Fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticle and its potential antibacterial activity. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 14(6):842\u2013847","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng"},{"key":"13585_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priyadarshini, E., Pradhan, N., Sukla, L. B., Panda, P.K. (2014). Controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Aspergillus terreus if0 and its antibacterial potential against gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Nanotechnology 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/653198"},{"issue":"21","key":"13585_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.1039\/c2an35620a","volume":"137","author":"MA Prusinkiewicz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prusinkiewicz MA, Farazkhorasani F, Dynes JJ, Wang J, Gough KM, Kaminskyj SG (2012) Proof-of-principle for sers imaging of aspergillus nidulans hyphae using in vivo synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Analyst 137(21):4934\u20134942","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"13585_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8688","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b01813","volume":"32","author":"S Rajput","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajput S, Werezuk R, Lange RM, Mcdermott MT (2016) Fungal isolate optimized for biogenesis of silver nanoparticles with enhanced colloidal stability. Langmuir 32:8688\u20138697","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"13585_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-6426-3","volume":"99","author":"JM Rajwade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajwade JM, Paknikar KM, Kumbhar JV (2015) Applications of bacterial cellulose and its composites in biomedicine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:2491\u20132511","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"13585_CR56","unstructured":"Rice, J. A. (2007). Mathematical statistics and data analysis (3rd ed.). Duxbury Press."},{"issue":"15","key":"13585_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4944","DOI":"10.1021\/ja058083c","volume":"128","author":"H Sakai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sakai H, Kanda T, Shibata H, Ohkubo T, Abe M (2006) Preparation of highly dispersed core\/shell-type titania nanocapsules containing a single Ag nanoparticle. J Am Chem Soc 128(15):4944\u20134945","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"13585_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111684","volume":"11","author":"A Salama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salama A, Abouzeid RE, Owda ME, Cruz-Maya I, Guarino V (2021) Cellulose\u2013silver composites materials: preparation and applications. Biomolecules 11(11):1684","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"13585_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2558-x","volume":"5","author":"J Saxena","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saxena J, Sharma PK, Sharma MM, Singh A (2016) Process optimization for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum MTCC 8785 and evaluation of its antibacterial properties. Springerplus 5:861","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"13585_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaaban, M. T., Zayed, M., & Salama, H. S. (2023). Antibacterial potential of bacterial cellulose impregnated with green synthesized silver nanoparticle against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.\u00a0Current Microbiology,\u00a080(2), 75.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03182-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"13585_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.08.018","volume":"98","author":"N Shah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shah N, Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Park JK (2013) Overview of bacterial cellulose composites: a multipurpose advanced material. Carbohyd Polym 98(2):1585\u20131598","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym"},{"key":"13585_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1021\/bp034070w","volume":"19","author":"SS Shankar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shankar SS, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2003) Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biotechnol Prog 19:1627\u20131631","journal-title":"Biotechnol Prog"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"13585_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2008.09.002","volume":"145","author":"VK Sharma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharma VK, Yngard RA, Lin Y (2009) Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Adv Coll Interface Sci 145(1\u20132):83\u201396","journal-title":"Adv Coll Interface Sci"},{"key":"13585_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549713","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2025.1549713","volume":"7","author":"AK Sidhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sidhu AK, Agrawal SB, Verma N, Kaushal P, Sharma M (2025) Fungal-mediated synthesis of multimetallic nanoparticles: mechanisms, unique properties, and potential applications. Frontiers in Nanotechnology 7:1549713","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology"},{"issue":"4","key":"13585_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-2032-6","volume":"84","author":"L Sintubin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sintubin L, De Windt W, Dick J, Mast J, Van Der Ha D, Verstraete W, Boon N (2009) Lactic acid bacteria as reducing and capping agent for the fast and efficient production of silver nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 84(4):741\u2013749","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"13585_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2004.10.014","volume":"27","author":"A Slistan-Grijalva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slistan-Grijalva A, Herrera-Urbina R, Rivas-Silva JF, \u00c1valos-Borja M, Castill\u00f3n-Barraza FF, Posada-Amarillas A (2005) Classical theoretical characterization of the surface plasmon absorption band for silver spherical nanoparticles suspended in water and ethylene glycol. Physica E 27(1\u20132):104\u2013112","journal-title":"Physica E"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab6c25","volume":"7","author":"W Soemphol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soemphol W, Charee P, Audtarat S, Sompech S, Hongsachart P, Dasri T (2020) Characterization of a bacterial cellulose-silica nanocomposite prepared from agricultural waste products. Materials Research Express 7(1):015085","journal-title":"Materials Research Express"},{"key":"13585_CR68","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"N Soni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soni N, Prakash S (2012) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus Aspergillus niger and its efficacy against mosquito larvae. Reports in Parasitology 2:1\u20137","journal-title":"Reports in Parasitology"},{"issue":"20","key":"13585_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90355-7","volume":"58","author":"G Southam","year":"1994","unstructured":"Southam G, Beveridge TJ (1994) The in vitro formation of placer gold by bacteria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58(20):4527\u20134530","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"key":"13585_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111963","volume":"204","author":"S Sudheer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sudheer S, Bai RG, Muthoosamy K, Tuvikene R, Gupta VK, Manickam S (2022) Biosustainable production of nanoparticles via mycogenesis for biotechnological applications: a critical review. Environ Res 204:111963","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"13585_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7610","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400544s","volume":"114","author":"NTK Thanh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thanh NTK, Maclean N, Mahiddine S (2014) Mechanisms of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in solution. Chemical Reviews Journal 114:7610\u20137630","journal-title":"Chemical Reviews Journal"},{"key":"13585_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomacheski, D., Pittol, M., Ferreira Ribeiro, V., & Marlene Campomanes Santana, R. (2016). Efficiency of silver\u2010based antibacterial additives and its influence in thermoplastic elastomers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(37).","DOI":"10.1002\/app.43956"},{"key":"13585_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.232","volume":"137","author":"M Ul-Islam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ul-Islam M, Khan S, Ullah MW, Park JK (2019) Comparative study of plant and bacterial cellulose pellicles regenerated from dissolved states. Int J Biol Macromol 137:247\u2013252","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5640\/insc.010165","volume":"1","author":"K Vahabi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vahabi K, Mansoori GA, Karimi S (2011) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by fungus Trichoderma reesei (a route for large-scale production of AgNPs). Insciences Journal 1(1):65\u201379","journal-title":"Insciences Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.11949","volume":"34","author":"AK Vala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vala AK (2015) Exploration on green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii. Environ Prog Sustainable Energy 34(1):194\u2013197","journal-title":"Environ Prog Sustainable Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"13585_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-6-261","volume":"6","author":"VC Verma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verma VC, Singh SK, Solanki R, Prakash S (2011) Biofabrication of anisotropic gold nanotriangles using extract of endophytic Aspergillus clavatus as a dual functional reductant and stabilizer. Nanoscale Res Lett 6(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"13585_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma, M. L., Sharma, S., Dhiman, K., & Jana, A. K. (2019). Microbial production of nanoparticles: mechanisms and applications. Microbial Nanobionics: Volume 1, State-of-the-Art, 159\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16383-9_7"},{"issue":"3","key":"13585_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14068","volume":"83","author":"SA Villarreal-Soto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Villarreal-Soto SA, Beaufort S, Bouajila J, Souchard JP, Taillandier P (2018) Understanding kombucha tea fermentation: a review. J Food Sci 83(3):580\u2013588","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"13585_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., Chen, X., Song, H., Li, J., Feng, Y., Shi, Z., ... & Lin, Q. (2017). Synthesis of bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose nanocrystals for their applications in the stabilization of olive oil pickering emulsion.\u00a0Food Hydrocolloids,\u00a072, 127\u2013135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2017.05.044"},{"issue":"4","key":"13585_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.11.017","volume":"87","author":"G Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang G, Xie J, Deng Y, Bian Y, Hong F (2012) Hydrothermal synthesis of bacterial cellulose\/AgNPs composite: a \u201cgreen\u201d route for antibacterial application. Carbohyd Polym 87(4):2482\u20132487","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym"},{"issue":"2","key":"13585_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.11.065","volume":"92","author":"Y Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang Y, Jia J, Xing J, Chen J, Lu S (2013) Isolation and characteristics analysis of a novel high bacterial cellulose producing strain Gluconacetobacter intermedius CIs26. Carbohyd Polym 92(2):2012\u20132017","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym"},{"key":"13585_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.07.097","volume":"209","author":"G Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang G, Yao Y, Wang C (2017) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles impregnated bacterial cellulose-alginate composite film with improved properties. Mater Lett 209:11\u201314","journal-title":"Mater Lett"}],"container-title":["Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13585-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13585-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13585-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T12:33:25Z","timestamp":1770294805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13585-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13585-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"209"}}