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A wealth of research describes the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, but none have been formulated for clinical use. We screened ten commercially available essential oils from the\n                      <jats:italic>Lamiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      plant family (thyme, rosemary, basil, oregano, clary sage) for bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and anti-biofilm activity. TD-GCMS was used to identify highly abundant compounds which were mapped to efficacy data. Thyme essential oils were antimicrobial against both\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and had the most potent anti-biofilm activity. Three compounds were common and highly abundant in these oils:\n                      <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>\n                      -cymene, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenol (\n                      <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>\n                      -thymol\/carvacrol), and thymol. The most efficacious red and white thyme oils were formulated into Laponite-based hydrogel emulsions capable of inhibiting both\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in static and dynamic biofilm models\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Notably, the efficacy of both gels diverged from that predicted by MIC, MBC, and MBIC values, highlighting the limitations of reductionist analyses in predicting real-world antimicrobial performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Thyme oils are the most efficacious of the Lamiaceae plant oils tested<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Thymol isomers and o-cymene are abundant in thyme oils, but minor components also play a role in antimicrobial activity<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Hydrogel efficacy arises from interactions between formulation and wound microenvironment<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13650-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T22:17:33Z","timestamp":1764627453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linking chemical-composition to antimicrobial efficacy: development of an essential oil-based topical gel prototype"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Narjis","family":"Aftab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammara","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha Kiro","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"13650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2024.103942","volume":"31","author":"R Abdullah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdullah R, Younas Q, Kaleem A, Iqtedar M, Aftab M, Saleem F (2024) Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of different plants and in silico investigation of their bioactive compounds in wound healing and rheumatism. 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