{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T09:49:28Z","timestamp":1782208168739,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13694-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T22:24:04Z","timestamp":1770848644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid and visual dual-color lateral flow immunoassay for african swine fever virus antibody detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juncong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanchen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1764-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixue","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"13694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12717","volume":"64","author":"HC Bergeron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergeron HC, Glas PS, Schumann KR (2017) Diagnostic specificity of the African swine fever virus antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in feral and domestic pigs in the United States. Transbound Emerg Dis 64(6):1665\u20131668","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"13694_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123594","volume":"248","author":"G Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao G, Huo D, Chen X, Wang X, Zhou S, Zhao S, Luo X, Hou C (2022) Automated, portable, and high-throughput fluorescence analyzer (APHF-analyzer) and lateral flow strip based on CRISPR\/Cas13a for sensitive and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2. Talanta 248:123594","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"13694_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.340138","volume":"1221","author":"JY Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen JY, Luo PJ, Liu ZW, He ZX, Pang YM, Lei HT, Xu ZL, Wang H, Li XM (2022) Rainbow latex microspheres lateral flow immunoassay with smartphone-based device for simultaneous detection of three mycotoxins in cereals. Anal Chim Acta 1221:340138","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"15","key":"13694_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9132","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b01543","volume":"90","author":"JQ Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng JQ, Yang MZ, Wu J, Zhang W, Jiang XY (2018) A self-contained chemiluminescent lateral flow assay for point-of-care testing. Anal Chem 90(15):9132\u20139137","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"33","key":"13694_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11514","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c01430","volume":"94","author":"C Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng C, Li H, Qian SH, Fu P, Zhou HL, Zheng JP, Wang YH (2022) An emerging fluorescent carbon nanobead label probe for lateral flow assays and highly sensitive screening of foodborne toxins and pathogenic bacteria. Anal Chem 94(33):11514\u201311520","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"13694_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021419-083741","volume":"8","author":"LK Dixon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dixon LK, Stahl K, Jori F, Vial L, Pfeiffer DU (2020) African swine fever epidemiology and control. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 8(1):221\u2013246","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"13694_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c06750","volume":"70","author":"L Dou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dou L, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Li Y, Liu M, Shao S, Li Q, Yu W, Shen J, Wang Z (2022) Advances in chicken IgY-based immunoassays for the detection of chemical and biological hazards in food samples. J Agric Food Chem 70(4):976\u2013991","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"13694_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116754","volume":"157","author":"BL Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang BL, Xiong QR, Duan HW, Xiong YH, Lai WH (2022) Tailored quantum dots for enhancing sensing performance of lateral flow immunoassay. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 157:116754","journal-title":"Trac-Trend Anal Chem"},{"key":"13694_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103729","volume":"74","author":"TS Fulford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fulford TS, Van H, Gherardin NA, Zheng S, Ciula M, Drummer HE, Redmond S, Tan H-X, Boo I, Center RJ, Li F, Grimley SL, Wines BD, Nguyen THO, Mordant FL, Ellenberg P, Rowntree LC, Kedzierski L, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Matthews G, Bond K, Hogarth PM, McQuilten Z, Subbarao K, Kedzierska K, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Williamson DA, Purcell DFJ, Anderson DA, Godfrey DI (2021) A point-of-care lateral flow assay for neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine 74:103729","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"13694_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.001","volume":"219","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallardo C, Nurmoja I, Soler A, Delicado V, Sim\u00f3n A, Martin E, Perez C, Nieto R, Arias M (2018) Evolution in Europe of African swine fever genotype II viruses from highly to moderately virulent. Vet Microbiol 219:70\u201379","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"13694_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197676","volume":"271","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gallardo C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Pinero J, Arias M (2019) African swine fever (ASF) diagnosis, an essential tool in the epidemiological investigation. Virus Res 271:197676","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"13694_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00215","volume":"7","author":"NN Gaudreault","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gaudreault NN, Madden DW, Wilson WC, Trujillo JD, Richt JA (2020) African swine fever virus: an emerging DNA arbovirus. Front Vet Sci 7:215","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"13694_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2411.181274","volume":"24","author":"S Ge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ge S, Li J, Fan X, Liu F, Li L, Wang Q, Ren W, Bao J, Liu C, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xu T, Wu X, Wang Z (2018) Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus, China, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 24(11):2131\u20132133","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"13694_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11851-z","volume":"106","author":"R Geng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geng R, Sun Y, Li R, Yang J, Ma H, Qiao Z, Lu Q, Qiao S, Zhang G (2022) Development of a p72 trimer\u2013based colloidal gold strip for detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106(7):2703\u20132714","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"13694_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161230","volume":"11","author":"PL Ho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ho PL, Gim\u00e9nez-Lirola LG, Mur L, Rivera B, Mogler M, Sun Y, Lizano S, Goodell C, Harris DLH, Rowland RRR, Gallardo C, S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno JM, Zimmerman J (2016) Detection of African swine fever virus antibodies in serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant protein 30 (p30) dual matrix indirect ELISA. PLoS ONE 11(9):e0161230","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"13694_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010019","volume":"24","author":"J-X Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu J-X, Ding S-N (2023) In situ synthesis of highly fluorescent, phosphorus-doping carbon-dot-functionalized, dendritic silica nanoparticles applied for multi-component lateral flow immunoassay. Sensors 24(1):19","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"13694_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1289676","volume":"10","author":"Z Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Wang X, Li X (2023) Current detection methods of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 10:1289676","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"13694_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116725","volume":"157","author":"B Ince","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ince B, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK (2022) Lateral flow assays for viruses diagnosis: up-to-date technology and future prospects. Trends Anal Chem 157:116725","journal-title":"Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"13694_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01953-22","volume":"11","author":"M Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang M, Wang A, Sun Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liu H, Ding P, Qi Y, Li N, Zhang G (2023) Development of a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2. Microbiol Spectr 11:e0195322","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"11","key":"13694_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112275","volume":"15","author":"M Juszkiewicz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Juszkiewicz M, Walczak M, Wo\u017aniakowski G, Podg\u00f3rska K (2023) African swine fever: transmission, spread, and control through biosecurity and disinfection, including Polish trends. Viruses 15(11):2275","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"13694_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.042","volume":"121","author":"JF Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li JF, Liu BC, Tang X, Wu Z, Lu JH, Liang CL, Hou SP, Zhang L, Li TT, Zhao W, Fu YS, Ke YB, Li CY (2022) Development of a smartphone-based quantum dot lateral flow immunoassay strip for ultrasensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies. Int J Infect Dis 121:58\u201365","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"13694_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN00374F","volume":"144","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Z, Chen H, Wang P (2019) Lateral flow assay ruler for quantitative and rapid point-of-care testing. Analyst 144(10):3314\u20133322","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"1","key":"13694_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13146-x","volume":"108","author":"HC Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao HC, Shi ZW, Zhou GJ, Luo JC, Wang WY, Feng L, Zhang F, Shi XT, Tian H, Zheng HX (2024) Epitope mapping and establishment of a blocking ELISA for mAb targeting the p72 protein of African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 108(1):350","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"11","key":"13694_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112169","volume":"15","author":"J-W Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim J-W, Vu TTH, Le VP, Yeom M, Song D, Jeong DG, Park S-K (2023) Advanced strategies for developing vaccines and diagnostic tools for African swine fever. Viruses 15(11):2169","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"13694_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.132597","volume":"371","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H, Cao J, Ding SN (2022) Simultaneous detection of two ovarian cancer biomarkers in human serums with biotin-enriched dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles-labeled multiplex lateral flow immunoassay. Sens Actuators B Chem 371:132597","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"13694_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.11.004","volume":"26","author":"S Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu S, Luo YZ, Wang YJ, Li SH, Zhao ZN, Bi YH, Sun JQ, Peng RC, Song H, Zhu DJ, Sun Y, Li S, Zhang L, Wang W, Sun YP, Qi JX, Yan JH, Shi Y, Zhang XZ, Wang PY, Qiu HJ, Gao GF (2019) Cryo-EM structure of the African swine fever virus. Cell Host Microbe 26(6):836\u2013843","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"12","key":"13694_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122552","volume":"13","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang X, Qi W, Yang Y, Liu Z, An T, Wu X, Chen J (2021) Prevention and control strategies of African swine fever and progress on pig farm repopulation in China. Viruses 13(12):2552","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"13694_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102624","volume":"47","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Wang C, Zheng S, Yang X, Han H, Dai Y, Xiao R (2023) Simultaneously ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus via multichannel magnetic SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay. Nanomedicine 47:102624","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"13694_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA09471G","volume":"10","author":"LC Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu LC, Yu JL, Liu XX, Yang XS, Zhou ZH, Jin Q, Xiao R, Wang CW (2020) Rapid, quantitative and ultra-sensitive detection of cancer biomarker by a SERRS-based lateral flow immunoassay using bovine serum albumin coated Au nanorods. RSC Adv 10(1):271\u2013281","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"13694_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104861","volume":"175","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma J, Chen H, Gao X, Xiao J, Wang H (2020) African swine fever emerging in China: distribution characteristics and high-risk areas. Prev Vet Med 175:104861","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"13694_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116594","volume":"263","author":"XY Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma XY, Xu NY, Yan X, Guo N, Yang CY, Sun CY, Li HX (2024) Enhancing reliability for AFB1 analysis in food: ratiometric fluorescence\/ colorimetric dual-modal analysis platform using multifunctional GO-Fe3O4. Biosens Bioelectron 263:116594","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"6","key":"13694_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-018-2856-9","volume":"185","author":"M Magiati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magiati M, Sevastou A, Kalogianni DP (2018) A fluorometric lateral flow assay for visual detection of nucleic acids using a digital camera readout. Microchim Acta 185(6):314","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"issue":"9","key":"13694_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15090592","volume":"15","author":"IV Maksin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maksin IV, Kuandykova A, Polyakova DI, Kesareva VA, Luzyanin TA, Ivanov VS, Simonova EI, Khunteev GA, Kirillova YG (2025) Development of a multiplex lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of antibiotics in milk utilizing lyophilized gold nanoparticle conjugates. Biosensors 15(9):592","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"13694_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132793","volume":"462","author":"K Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao K, Zhang H, Ran F, Cao HR, Feng RD, Du W, Li XQ, Yang ZG (2024) Portable biosensor combining CRISPR\/Cas12a and loop-mediated isothermal amplification for antibiotic resistance gene ermB in wastewater. J Hazard Mater 462:132793","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"13694_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126794","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1126794","volume":"14","author":"C Miao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miao C, Yang S, Shao J, Zhou G, Ma Y, Wen S, Hou Z, Peng D, Guo H, Liu W, Chang H (2023) Identification of p72 epitopes of African swine fever virus and preliminary application. Front Microbiol 14:1126794","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13694_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13249-5","volume":"108","author":"C Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao C, Shao JJ, Yang SC, Wen SH, Ma YY, Gao SD, Chang HY, Liu W (2024) Development of plate-type and tubular chemiluminescence immunoassay against African swine fever virus p72. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 108(1):431","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13694_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14039","volume":"68","author":"E Mighell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mighell E, Ward MP (2021) African swine fever spread across Asia, 2018\u20132019. Transbound Emerg Dis 68(5):2722\u20132732","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"13694_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2022.04.001","volume":"571","author":"AL Munoz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Munoz AL, Tabares E (2022) Characteristics of the major structural proteins of African swine fever virus: role as antigens in the induction of neutralizing antibodies. A review. Virology 571:46\u201351","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"13694_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14276","volume":"68","author":"T Oh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oh T, Nguyen TM, Ngo TTN, Thinh D, Nguyen TTP, Do LD, Do DT (2021) Long-term follow-up of convalescent pigs and their offspring after an outbreak of acute African swine fever in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 68(6):3194\u20133199","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"13694_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8727-1_3","volume":"1062","author":"C Ohst","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohst C, Saschenbrecker S, Stiba K, Steinhagen K, Probst C, Radzimski C, Lattwein E, Komorowski L, St\u00f6cker W, Schlumberger W (2018) Reliable serological testing for the diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 1062:19\u201343","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"13694_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.12.043","volume":"1055","author":"Z Rong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rong Z, Wang Q, Sun NX, Jia XF, Wang KL, Xiao R, Wang SQ (2019) Smartphone-based fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay platform for highly sensitive point-of-care detection of Zika virus nonstructural protein 1. Anal Chim Acta 1055:140\u2013147","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"13694_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025","volume":"233","author":"PJ S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n PJ, Montoya M, Reis AL, Dixon LK (2018) African swine fever: a re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry. Vet J 233:41\u201348","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"13694_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01293.x","volume":"59","author":"JM Sanchez-Vizcaino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, Mur L, Martinez-Lopez B (2012) African swine fever: an epidemiological update. Transbound Emerg Dis 59(Suppl 1):27\u201335","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"13694_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0831-4","volume":"12","author":"P Sastre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sastre P, Gallardo C, Monedero A, Ruiz T, Arias M, Sanz A, Rueda P (2016) Development of a novel lateral flow assay for detection of African swine fever in blood. BMC Vet Res 12:206","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"13694_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.39.3.3194","volume":"39","author":"J Schmidhuber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmidhuber J, Matthey H, Tripoli M, Kamata A (2020) African swine fever: a global factor affecting agricultural markets over the medium term. Rev Sci Tech OIE 39(3):1023\u20131037","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech OIE"},{"key":"13694_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.12.005","volume":"70","author":"C Sicard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sicard C, Glen C, Aubie B, Wallace D, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S, Pennings K, Daigger GT, Pelton R, Brennan JD, Filipe CDM (2015) Tools for water quality monitoring and mapping using paper-based sensors and cell phones. Water Res 70:360\u2013369","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"13694_CR47","first-page":"48","volume":"106","author":"E St\u00fcrenburg","year":"2009","unstructured":"St\u00fcrenburg E, Junker R (2009) Point-of-care testing in microbiology: the advantages and disadvantages of immunochromatographic test strips. Dtsch Arztebl Int 106(4):48\u201354","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"13694_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-1904-4","volume":"64","author":"E Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun E, Zhang Z, Wang Z, He X, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang W, Huang L, Xi F, Huangfu H, Tsegay G, Huo H, Sun J, Tian Z, Xia W, Yu X, Li F, Liu R, Guan Y, Zhao D, Bu Z (2021) Emergence and prevalence of naturally occurring lower virulent African swine fever viruses in domestic pigs in China in 2020. Sci China Life Sci 64(5):752\u2013765","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"13694_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131695","volume":"268","author":"W Tesfagaber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tesfagaber W, Wang W, Wang LL, Zhao R, Zhu YM, Li F, Sun EC, Liu RQ, Bu ZG, Meng G, Zhao DM (2024) A highly efficient blocking ELISA based on p72 monoclonal antibody for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies and identification of its linear B cell epitope. Int J Biol Macromol 268:131695","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"45","key":"13694_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11495","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806068115","volume":"115","author":"K VanderWaal","year":"2018","unstructured":"VanderWaal K, Deen J (2018) Global trends in infectious diseases of swine. PNAS 115(45):11495\u201311500","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"2","key":"13694_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11706-z","volume":"106","author":"Y Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wan Y, Shi Z, Peng G, Wang L, Luo J, Ru Y, Zhou G, Ma Y, Song R, Yang B, Cao L, Tian H, Zheng H (2022) Development and application of a colloidal-gold dual immunochromatography strip for detecting African swine fever virus antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106(2):799\u2013810","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13694_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsac050","volume":"105","author":"CX Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang CX, Qiu SY, Xiao Y, Yu HY, Li HX, Wu SQ, Feng CY, Lin XM (2022) Development of a blocking ELISA kit for detection of ASFV antibody based on a monoclonal antibody against full-length p72. J AOAC Int 105(5):1428\u20131436","journal-title":"J AOAC Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"13694_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112124","volume":"13","author":"G Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang G, Xie M, Wu W, Chen Z (2021) Structures and functional diversities of ASFV proteins. Viruses 13(11):2124","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"13694_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429808","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1429808","volume":"15","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Kim J, Kang H, Park HJ, Lee MJ, Hong SH, Seo CW, Madera R, Li Y, Craig A, Retallick J, Matias-Ferreyra F, Sohn EJ, Shi J (2024a) Development and evaluation of two rapid lateral flow assays for on-site detection of African swine fever virus. Front Microbiol 15:1429808","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"13694_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00809-24","volume":"12","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Li D, Zeng DP, Wang SY, Wu JW, Liu YL, Peng GL, Xu Z, Jia H, Song CX (2024b) Development of a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for the quantitative and qualitative detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus p72. Microbiol Spectr 12(10):e0080924","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"6465","key":"13694_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1439","volume":"366","author":"N Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang N, Zhao D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Gao Y, Li F, Wang J, Bu Z, Rao Z, Wang X (2019) Architecture of African swine fever virus and implications for viral assembly. Science 366(6465):640\u2013644","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"13694_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341842","volume":"1280","author":"R Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu R, Xiang YD, Shen Z, Li GZ, Sun JS, Lin PY, Chen XF, Huang JC, Dong HW, He ZY, Liu WZ, Zhang L, Duan XY, Su DB, Zhao JC, Marrazza G, Sun X, Guo YM (2023) Portable multichannel detection instrument based on time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip for on-site detecting pesticide residues in vegetables. Anal Chim Acta 1280:341842","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"13694_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055820","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1055820","volume":"13","author":"D Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin D, Geng R, Shao H, Ye J, Qian K, Chen H, Qin A (2022a) Identification of novel linear epitopes in P72 protein of African swine fever virus recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Front Microbiol 13:1055820","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"13694_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133707","volume":"396","author":"LM Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin LM, You TY, El-Seedi HR, El-Garawani IM, Guo ZM, Zou XB, Cai JR (2022b) Rapid and sensitive detection of zearalenone in corn using SERS-based lateral flow immunosensor. Food Chem 396:133707","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"13694_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00362-1","volume":"2","author":"S You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You S, Liu T, Zhang M, Zhao X, Dong Y, Wu B, Wang Y, Li J, Wei X, Shi B (2021) African swine fever outbreaks in China led to gross domestic product and economic losses. Nat Food 2(10):802\u2013808","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"key":"13694_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.04.016","volume":"221","author":"L Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li D, Liu L, Fang J, Xu R, Zhang G (2015) Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of soft-shelled turtle systemic septicemia spherical virus. J Virol Methods 221:39\u201345","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"13694_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2022.214578","volume":"465","author":"MK Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang MK, Guo XD (2022) Gold\/platinum bimetallic nanomaterials for immunoassay and immunosensing. Coord Chem Rev 465:214578","journal-title":"Coord Chem Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"13694_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2021_304","volume":"65","author":"XX Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang XX, Guo J, Wang LX, Li ZY, Liu YC, Tian LL, Xiao CC, Li YF, Cai XP, Meng QL, Qiao J (2021) Development and evaluation of multi-epitope protein p72 (MeP72) for the serodiagnosis of African swine fever. Acta Virol 65(3):273\u2013278","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"13694_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.144898","volume":"488","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu Y, Sun J, Su Y, Li X, Jiang H, Guo L, Xiong Y, Huang X (2025) Magnetic aggregation-induced emission of bifunctional nanoparticles for enhanced double-color lateral flow immunoassay of fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin. Food Chem 488:144898","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"13694_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38868-w","volume":"14","author":"D Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao D, Sun E, Huang L, Ding L, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Shen D, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Ren T, Wang W, Li F, He X, Bu Z (2023) Highly lethal genotype I and II recombinant African swine fever viruses detected in pigs. Nat Commun 14(1):3096","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"13694_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12989","volume":"65","author":"X Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou X, Li N, Luo Y, Liu Y, Miao F, Chen T, Zhang S, Cao P, Li X, Tian K, Qiu H-J, Hu R (2018) Emergence of African swine fever in China, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 65(6):1482\u20131484","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"50","key":"13694_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37498","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA05483K","volume":"14","author":"A Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu A, Zhao B, Li J, Li X, Shi Q, Zhang X, Lu D, Yan D (2024a) Establishment of a raman microsphere-based immunochromatographic method for the combined detection of influenza A and B viruses and SARS-CoV-2 antigen on a single T-line. RSC Adv 14(50):37498\u201337511","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"13694_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2024.04.002","volume":"39","author":"JH Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu JH, Liu QY, Li LY, Zhang RY, Chang YT, Zhao JK, Liu SY, Zhao XY, Chen X, Sun YN, Zhao Q (2024b) Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies. Virol Sin 39(3):478\u2013489","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"key":"13694_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.10.011","volume":"1140","author":"YS Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu YS, Shao N, Chen JW, Qi WB, Li Y, Liu P, Chen YJ, Bian SY, Zhang Y, Tao SC (2020) Multiplex and visual detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) based on Hive-Chip and direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Anal Chim Acta 1140:30\u201340","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"}],"container-title":["Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13694-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13694-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13694-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T09:17:29Z","timestamp":1782206249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13694-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-025-13694-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7261926\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1432-0614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Experiments involving animals were approved by Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"62"}}