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However, study on essential genes of this species remains insufficient. Here, we employed an inducible CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to investigate the roles of key metabolic and cell division genes in\n                    <jats:italic>C. ljungdahlii.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Targeted repression of genes encoding pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR1, PFOR2), acetaldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR1, AOR2), and glyceraldehyde phosphate hydrogenase type I (GAP-I) revealed their essential contributions to autotrophic growth, as knockdown strains exhibited impaired growth and reduced ethanol production. Furthermore, downregulation of the cell division gene\n                    <jats:italic>ftsZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in elongated cell morphology, highlighting its critical role in cell shape regulation. These findings provide new insights into the functional importance of essential genes in\n                    <jats:italic>C. ljungdahlii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and demonstrate how targeted gene repression can advance our understanding of autotrophic metabolism and cellular processes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-026-13714-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T18:07:19Z","timestamp":1769537239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elucidating the roles of essential genes in autotrophic metabolism and cell morphology of Clostridium ljungdahlii by CRISPRi"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Saira","family":"Munir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingchi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"13714_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06993-6","volume":"9","author":"MM Al-Bassam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Bassam MM, Kim JN, Zaramela LS, Kellman BP, Zuniga C, Wozniak JM, Gonzalez DJ, Zengler K (2018) Optimization of carbon and energy utilization through differential translational efficiency. 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