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Using an overlap extension PCR strategy, the core T6SS gene encoding membrane protein TssM was knocked out for\n                      <jats:italic>N. subflava<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain KU1003-01. Co-culture competition assays were conducted with either the\n                      <jats:italic>N. subflava<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>N. subflava tssM<\/jats:italic>\n                      knock-out strains as the attackers and\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain NCCP11945,\n                      <jats:italic>N. subflava<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain KU1003-02, or\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain 3153 as the targets. There was a significant difference in recoverable target cell CFUs observed following co-culture with the T6SS knock-out strain in comparison to the parent strain. TssM has been identified as critical to T6SS function for a number of species, and our findings indicate that the T6SS in\n                      <jats:italic>N. subflava<\/jats:italic>\n                      contributes to competition with these other species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria subflava Type 6 Secretion System is functional<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria subflava attacks other microbes of the same niche<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria subflava is competent for transformation<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-026-13870-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T14:23:01Z","timestamp":1779546181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neisseria subflava Type 6 Secretion System competition with bacterial and fungal species"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Calder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori A. 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