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This study evaluated a wide taxonomically characterized population of yeast strains for their antimicrobial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria, plant pathogens and spoilage molds, using both direct-contact and VOC-mediated assays. Our findings reveal that antimicrobial activity, including the production of inhibitory VOCs, is highly complex, depending not only on the genus and species but also on unique traits at the strain level.\n                      <jats:italic>Metschnikowia pulcherrima<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against both molds and bacteria, driven by non-volatile, multifactorial mechanisms such as iron chelation and antimicrobial metabolites. In contrast,\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Hanseniaspora<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0and\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Wickerhamomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0displayed more versatile behaviour, combining strong antifungal properties with VOC-mediated antibacterial activity.\n                      <jats:italic>Aureobasidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0and\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Meyerozyma<\/jats:italic>\n                      genera showed a functional specialization toward antifungal activity, with limited or no effect on bacterial pathogens. The specific strains of\n                      <jats:italic>B. bruxellensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      evaluated in this study emerged as notable producers of bioactive VOCs under the tested in vitro conditions. While these results highlight a significant antagonistic potential, the observed activity appears to be strain-specific. This underscores the importance of intra-specific screening to identify \u2018elite\u2019 isolates with superior biocontrol traits, rather than assuming a uniform species-level metabolic profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Yeasts antimicrobial activity is\u00a0genus\/species relevant strain-specific traits.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Several yeast genera showed inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>B. bruxellensis\u00a0represents a promising source of\u00a0bioactive VOCs\u00a0against both bacteria and mold.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-026-13896-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:24:29Z","timestamp":1780755869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating yeasts as biocontrol agents against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in agri-food: action of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Moretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Canonico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Agarbati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Comitini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"13896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-024-03700-1","volume":"81","author":"EG Acar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Acar EG, Dikmetys DN, Devecioglu D, Mehves Ozer E, Sarikece H, Karbancioiglu-Guber F (2024) Antagonisticactivities of Metschnikowia pulcherrima isolates against Pennicilium expansum on Amasya apples.\u00a0Curr Microbiol 81:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-024-03700-1","journal-title":"Ciuttent Microbiology"},{"key":"13896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9030287","volume":"9","author":"A Agarbati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agarbati A, Canonico L, Marini E, Zannini E, Ciani M, Comitini F (2020) Potential probiotic yeasts sourced from natural environmental and spontaneous processed foods. 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