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D'Annunzio Chieti Pescara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic wound infections are difficult to treat due to the polymicrobial biofilms that delay wound healing increasing antimicrobial tolerance and limiting patient compliance. To address this challenge, we developed a non-antibiotic combination of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Methylglyoxal (MGO) (patent N. 102022000024408-Composizione per il trattamento delle infezioni a carico delle lesioni cutanee) against clinically relevant chronic wound pathogens. For the tests, clinical antimicrobial resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    were used. MGO MIC was determined and the best GO\u2009+\u2009MGO combination, evaluated by using checkboard test, was tested in terms of: i) fluid membrane changes; ii)\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    CFUs\/mg reduction in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm-LCWB, a recognized polymicrobial in vitro chronic wound biofilm model; iii)\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    motility. MGO MIC values ranged from 32 to 128\u00a0mg\/l. Notably, synergistic interactions between GO and MGO were observed exclusively against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas the combinations showed additive effects against\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The best GO\u2009+\u2009MGO (6.25\u2009+\u200964\u00a0mg\/l) combination increased bacterial membrane fluidity, inhibited informing\u00a0and mature LCWBs by 60\u201380% in terms of CFU\/mg and\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    twitching motility. GO\u2009+\u2009MGO combination exhibited an additive antimicrobial\/antibiofilm activity with a multi-target action. Overall, the GO\u2009+\u2009MGO combination, at recognized non-toxic concentrations, is a valid and innovative non-antibiotic solution for wound management affecting the polymicrobial chronic wound biofilms and\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    motility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-026-14050-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:04:30Z","timestamp":1790229870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graphene Oxide and Methylglyoxal: a combined strategy against chronic wound pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Di Lodovico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Di Fermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firas","family":"Diban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Di Campli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Pilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"D\u2019Ercole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigina","family":"Cellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Di Giulio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"14050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14228121","volume":"14","author":"Y Almuhanna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Almuhanna Y (2025) Microbial biofilms as barriers to chronic wound healing: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic advances. 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