{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:12:03Z","timestamp":1763017923065,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009713","name":"Foundation for Physical Therapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["New Investigator Fellowship Training Initiative"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["New Investigator Fellowship Training Initiative"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-018-3090-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:24:49Z","timestamp":1539735889000},"page":"1111-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimizing methods to quantify intramuscular fat in rotator cuff tears with normalization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Micevych","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas T.","family":"Buchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Saltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd B.","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amee L.","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3090_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.12.002","volume":"19","author":"B Melis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Melis B, Wall B, Walch G. Natural history of infraspinatus fatty infiltration in rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2010;19(5):757\u201363.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3090_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00030","volume":"99","author":"J Hebert-Davies","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hebert-Davies J, Teefey SA, Steger-May K, Chamberlain AM, Middleton W, Robinson K, et al. Progression of fatty muscle degeneration in atraumatic rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(10):832\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"3090_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.10.002","volume":"26","author":"S Moosmayer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moosmayer S, Gartner AV, Tariq R. The natural course of nonoperatively treated rotator cuff tears: an 8.8-year follow-up of tear anatomy and clinical outcome in 49 patients. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2017;26(4):627\u201334.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3090_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506297539","volume":"35","author":"JN Gladstone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gladstone JN, Bishop JY, Lo IK, Flatow EL. Fatty infiltration and atrophy of the rotator cuff do not improve after rotator cuff repair and correlate with poor functional outcome. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(5):719\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3090_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00211-8","volume":"12","author":"D Goutallier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goutallier D, Postel JM, Gleyze P, Leguilloux P, Van Driessche S. Influence of cuff muscle fatty degeneration on anatomic and functional outcomes after simple suture of full-thickness tears. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2003;12(6):550\u20134.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3090_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.11.017","volume":"21","author":"JR Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang JR, Gupta R. Mechanisms of fatty degeneration in massive rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2012;21(2):175\u201380.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3090_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.11.002","volume":"30","author":"J Raman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raman J, Walton D, MacDermid JC, Athwal GS. Predictors of outcomes after rotator cuff repair-a meta-analysis. J Hand Ther. 2017;30(3):276\u201392.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"3090_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517724432","volume":"45","author":"H Ohzono","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ohzono H, Gotoh M, Nakamura H, Honda H, Mitsui Y, Kakuma T, et al. Effect of preoperative fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscles on the clinical outcome of patients with intact tendons after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of large\/massive cuff tears. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(13):2975\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"3090_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B1.32168","volume":"96-B","author":"J Kukkonen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kukkonen J, Joukainen A, Lehtinen J, Mattila KT, Tuominen EK, Kauko T, et al. Treatment of non-traumatic rotator cuff tears: a randomised controlled trial with one-year clinical results. Bone Joint J. 2014;96-B:75\u201381.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3090_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00263","volume":"153","author":"JC Seida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seida JC, LeBlanc C, Schouten JR, et al. Systematic review: nonoperative and operative treatments for rotator cuff tears. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(4):246\u201355.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"3090_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01393","volume":"96","author":"S Moosmayer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moosmayer S, Lund G, Seljom US, Haldorsen B, Svege IC, Hennig T, et al. Tendon repair compared with physiotherapy in the treatment of rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled study in 103 cases with a five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96(18):1504\u201314.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"14","key":"3090_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101 101","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00526","volume":"95","author":"JD Keener","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keener JD. Surveillance of conservatively treated rotator cuff tears is warranted. Commentary on an article by Stefan Moosmayer, MD, PhD, et al.: \u201cthe natural history of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears. A three-year follow-up of fifty cases\u201d. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(14):e101 101\u20132.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"3090_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517709780","volume":"45","author":"N Yamamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamamoto N, Mineta M, Kawakami J, Sano H, Itoi E. Risk factors for tear progression in symptomatic rotator cuff tears: a prospective study of 174 shoulders. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(11):2524\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3090_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4630-1","volume":"474","author":"JS Somerson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Somerson JS, Hsu JE, Gorbaty JD, Gee AO. Classifications in brief: Goutallier classification of fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff musculature. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(5):1328\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3090_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90097-6","volume":"8","author":"B Fuchs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fuchs B, Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Gerber C. Fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff: assessment by computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1999;8(6):599\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3090_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.01.013","volume":"24","author":"S Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee S, Lucas RM, Lansdown DA, Nardo L, Lai A, Link TM, et al. Magnetic resonance rotator cuff fat fraction and its relationship with tendon tear severity and subject characteristics. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2015;24(9):1442\u201351.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3090_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0818-6","volume":"468","author":"JH Oh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oh JH, Kim SH, Choi JA, Kim Y, Oh CH. Reliability of the grading system for fatty degeneration of rotator cuff muscles. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(6):1558\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3090_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507307504","volume":"36","author":"EE Spencer Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spencer EE Jr, Dunn WR, Wright RW, Wolf BR, Spindler KP, McCarty E, et al. Interobserver agreement in the classification of rotator cuff tears using magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(1):99\u2013103.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3090_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2014.02.009","volume":"24","author":"PG Carlier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carlier PG. Global T2 versus water T2 in NMR imaging of fatty infiltrated muscles: different methodology, different information and different implications. Neuromuscul Disord. 2014;24(5):390\u20132.","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3090_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199803000-00006","volume":"33","author":"M Zanetti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zanetti M, Gerber C, Hodler J. Quantitative assessment of the muscles of the rotator cuff with magnetic resonance imaging. Investig Radiol. 1998;33(3):163\u201370.","journal-title":"Investig Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3090_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24278","volume":"39","author":"L Nardo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nardo L, Karampinos DC, Lansdown DA, Carballido-Gamio J, Lee S, Maroldi R, et al. Quantitative assessment of fat infiltration in the rotator cuff muscles using water\u2013fat MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;39(5):1178\u201385.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"3090_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2014.01.011","volume":"22","author":"YH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee YH, Kim S, Lim D, Song HT, Suh JS. MR quantification of the fatty fraction from T2*-corrected Dixon fat\/water separation volume-interpolated breathhold examination (VIBE) in the assessment of muscle atrophy in rotator cuff tears. Acad Radiol. 2015;22(7):909\u201317.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3090_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.03.019","volume":"26","author":"N Matsumura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsumura N, Oguro S, Okuda S, Jinzaki M, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, et al. Quantitative assessment of fatty infiltration and muscle volume of the rotator cuff muscles using 3-dimensional 2-point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(10):e309\u201318.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3090_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-21-10-613","volume":"21","author":"BR Kuzel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuzel BR, Grindel S, Papandrea R, Ziegler D. Fatty infiltration and rotator cuff atrophy. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21(10):613\u201323.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3090_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515588173","volume":"43","author":"TT Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin TT, Lin CH, Chang CL, Chi CH, Chang ST, Sheu WH. The effect of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and statins on the development of rotator cuff disease: a nationwide, 11-year, longitudinal, population-based follow-up study. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(9):2126\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"3090_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.06.011","volume":"101","author":"I Djerbi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Djerbi I, Chammas M, Mirous MP, Lazerges C, Coulet B. Impact of cardiovascular risk factor on the prevalence and severity of symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015;101(6 Suppl):S269\u201373.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3090_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199709000-00004","volume":"21","author":"DM Panicek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Panicek DM, Giess CS, Schwartz LH. Qualitative assessment of liver for fatty infiltration on contrast-enhanced CT: is muscle a better standard of reference than spleen? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1997;21(5):699\u2013705.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"6","key":"3090_CR28","first-page":"415","volume":"62","author":"D Goutallier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Goutallier D, Postel JM, Bernageau J, Lavau L, Voisin MC. Fatty infiltration of disrupted rotator cuff muscles. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1995;62(6):415\u201322.","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Engl Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"3090_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00011","volume":"66","author":"JK DeOrio","year":"1984","unstructured":"DeOrio JK, Cofield RH. Results of a second attempt at surgical repair of a failed initial rotator-cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(4):563\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"3090_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.03.014","volume":"23","author":"K Kikukawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kikukawa K, Ide J, Kikuchi K, Morita M, Mizuta H, Ogata H. Hypertrophic changes of the teres minor muscle in rotator cuff tears: quantitative evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2014;23(12):1800\u20135.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3090_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1178-3","volume":"40","author":"B Melis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melis B, DeFranco MJ, L\u00e4dermann A, Barthelemy R, Walch G. The teres minor muscle in rotator cuff tendon tears. Skelet Radiol. 2011;40(10):1335\u201344.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"key":"3090_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mudholkar GS. Fisher\u2019s Z-transformation. Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. Wiley; 2004.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471667196.ess0796"},{"key":"3090_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245","volume":"87","author":"J Steiger","year":"1980","unstructured":"Steiger J. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychol Bull. 1980;87:245\u201351.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"3090_CR34","unstructured":"Lee IA, Preacher KJ. Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common. 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"3090_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.12.014","volume":"22","author":"JJ Barry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barry JJ, Lansdown DA, Cheung S, Feeley BT, Ma CB. The relationship between tear severity, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy in the supraspinatus. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2013;22(1):18\u201325.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3090_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.06.035","volume":"32","author":"ME Vidt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vidt ME, Santago AC, Tuohy CJ, Poehling GG, Freehill MT, Kraft RA, et al. Assessments of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy from a single magnetic resonance image slice are not predictive of three-dimensional measurements. Arthroscopy. 2016;32(1):128\u201339.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"8","key":"3090_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2541","volume":"94","author":"I Miljkovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miljkovic I, Cauley JA, Petit MA, Ensrud KE, Strotmeyer E, Sheu Y, et al. Greater adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle among older men of African ancestry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(8):2735\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3090_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00236","volume":"7","author":"Y Raz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raz Y, Henseler JF, Kolk A, Riaz M, van der Zwaal P, Nagels J, et al. Patterns of age-associated degeneration differ in shoulder muscles. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:236.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3090-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3090-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3090-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T19:10:59Z","timestamp":1571253059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3090-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3090-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0364-2348"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-2161"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Seitz and this work is supported in part by a New Investigator Fellowship in Training Initiative from the Foundation for Physical Therapy.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial support"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"P. Micevych, A. Garg, L. Buchler, T. Parrish: No disclosures.M. Saltzman is a consultant and\/or receives royalties from Wright Medical and Medacta.G. Marra is a consultant and\/or receives royalties from Zimmer and Biomet.A. Seitz has received honoraria for speaking and is Vice-Chair for the Research Committee for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}