{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:04:58Z","timestamp":1791875098826,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR064771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR064771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T02:02:25Z","timestamp":1595469745000},"page":"217-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Obese and overweight individuals have greater knee synovial inflammation and associated structural and cartilage compositional degeneration: data from the osteoarthritis initiative"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1980-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanat","family":"Kanthawang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannis","family":"Bodden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabby B.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Nevitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.3.351","volume":"84","author":"AA Guccione","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guccione AA, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Anthony JM, Zhang Y, Wilson PW, et al. The effects of specific medical conditions on the functional limitations of elders in the Framingham study. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(3):351\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"10159","key":"3550_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"GBD Disease","year":"2018","unstructured":"Disease GBD, Injury I, Prevalence C. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789\u2013858.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"21","key":"3550_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6458","volume":"315","author":"KM Flegal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2284\u201391.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1286-2","volume":"17","author":"A Dell\u2019Isola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Isola A, Allan R, Smith SL, Marreiros SSP, Steultjens M. Identification of clinical phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17(1):425.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.015","volume":"26","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, Hunter DJ, Jin X, Ding C. The importance of synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis: current evidence from imaging assessments and clinical trials. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2018;26(2):165\u201374.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.10.008","volume":"28","author":"D Shakoor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shakoor D, Demehri S, Roemer FW, Loeuille D, Felson DT, Guermazi A. Are contrast-enhanced and non-contrast MRI findings reflecting synovial inflammation in knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2020;28(2):126\u201336.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.08.010","volume":"18","author":"M Blagojevic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blagojevic M, Jinks C, Jeffery A, Jordan KP. Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2010;18(1):24\u201333.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"6","key":"3550_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1259-3","volume":"41","author":"MA Laberge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laberge MA, Baum T, Virayavanich W, Nardo L, Nevitt MC, Lynch J, et al. Obesity increases the prevalence and severity of focal knee abnormalities diagnosed using 3T MRI in middle-aged subjects--data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Skelet Radiol. 2012;41(6):633\u201341.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR9","first-page":"148","volume":"37","author":"PW Lementowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lementowski PW, Zelicof SB. Obesity and osteoarthritis. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2008;37(3):148\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116974","volume":"139","author":"WJ Carman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carman WJ, Sowers M, Hawthorne VM, Weissfeld LA. Obesity as a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139(2):119\u201329.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3550_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-132","volume":"9","author":"M Grotle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grotle M, Hagen KB, Natvig B, Dahl FA, Kvien TK. Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip and\/or hand: an epidemiological study in the general population with 10 years follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:132.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.07.003","volume":"17","author":"G Engstrom","year":"2009","unstructured":"Engstrom G, Gerhardsson de Verdier M, Rollof J, Nilsson PM, Lohmander LS. C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome and incidence of severe hip and knee osteoarthritis. A population-based cohort study. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2009;17(2):168\u201373.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"4","key":"3550_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu464","volume":"54","author":"E Thijssen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thijssen E, van Caam A, van der Kraan PM. Obesity and osteoarthritis, more than just wear and tear: pivotal roles for inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia in obesity-induced osteoarthritis. Rheumatology. 2014;54(4):588\u2013600.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"12","key":"3550_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.06.016","volume":"16","author":"CG Peterfy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peterfy CG, Schneider E, Nevitt M. The osteoarthritis initiative: report on the design rationale for the magnetic resonance imaging protocol for the knee. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2008;16(12):1433\u201341.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.09.001","volume":"28","author":"U Heilmeier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heilmeier U, Mamoto K, Amano K, Eck B, Tanaka M, Bullen JA, et al. Infrapatellar fat pad abnormalities are associated with a higher inflammatory synovial fluid cytokine profile in young adults following ACL tear. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2020;28(1):82\u201391.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"8","key":"3550_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.05.004","volume":"19","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Guermazi A, Lo GH, Grainger AJ, Conaghan PG, Boudreau RM, et al. Evolution of semi-quantitative whole joint assessment of knee OA: MOAKS (MRI osteoarthritis knee score). Osteoarthr Cartil. 2011;19(8):990\u20131002.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2573-5","volume":"20","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Foreman SC, Joseph GB, Neumann J, Tien PC, Li X, et al. Is treated HIV infection associated with knee cartilage degeneration and structural changes? A longitudinal study using data from the osteoarthritis initiative. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):190.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"3550_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.03.006","volume":"22","author":"FW Roemer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roemer FW, Frobell R, Lohmander LS, Niu J, Guermazi A. Anterior Cruciate Ligament OsteoArthritis score (ACLOAS): longitudinal MRI-based whole joint assessment of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2014;22(5):668\u201382.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2771-x","volume":"47","author":"BJ Schwaiger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwaiger BJ, Mbapte Wamba J, Gersing AS, Nevitt MC, Facchetti L, McCulloch CE, et al. Hyperintense signal alteration in the suprapatellar fat pad on MRI is associated with degeneration of the patellofemoral joint over 48 months: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Skelet Radiol. 2018;47(3):329\u201339.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W291","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.8821","volume":"200","author":"N Tsavalas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsavalas N, Karantanas AH. Suprapatellar fat-pad mass effect: MRI findings and correlation with anterior knee pain. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200(3):W291\u20136.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20672","volume":"64","author":"T Baum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baum T, Joseph GB, Arulanandan A, Nardo L, Virayavanich W, Carballido-Gamio J, et al. Association of magnetic resonance imaging-based knee cartilage T2 measurements and focal knee lesions with knee pain: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(2):248\u201355.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.003","volume":"12","author":"CG Peterfy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peterfy CG, Guermazi A, Zaim S, Tirman PF, Miaux Y, White D, et al. Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2004;12(3):177\u201390.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"6","key":"3550_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.03.010","volume":"26","author":"J Neumann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neumann J, Hofmann FC, Heilmeier U, Ashmeik W, Tang K, Gersing AS, et al. Type 2 diabetes patients have accelerated cartilage matrix degeneration compared to diabetes free controls: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2018;26(6):751\u201361.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.257","volume":"85","author":"J Sim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sim J, Wright CC. The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements. Phys Ther. 2005;85(3):257\u201368.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25766","volume":"47","author":"N Chanchek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chanchek N, Gersing AS, Schwaiger BJ, Nevitt MC, Neumann J, Joseph GB, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus and biochemical knee cartilage composition assessed by T2 relaxation time measurements: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018;47(2):380\u201390.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102234","volume":"261","author":"J Pan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pan J, Pialat JB, Joseph T, Kuo D, Joseph GB, Nevitt MC, et al. Knee cartilage T2 characteristics and evolution in relation to morphologic abnormalities detected at 3-T MR imaging: a longitudinal study of the normal control cohort from the osteoarthritis initiative. Radiology. 2011;261(2):507\u201315.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"12","key":"3550_CR27","first-page":"1833","volume":"15","author":"N Bellamy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988;15(12):1833\u201340.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3550_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.08.16","volume":"8","author":"MS Thiese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thiese MS, Ronna B, Ott U. P value interpretations and considerations. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(9):E928\u201331.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.11.012","volume":"21","author":"F Berenbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berenbaum F. Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!). Osteoarthr Cartil. 2013;21(1):16\u201321.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"5","key":"3550_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.10.029","volume":"19","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Zhang W, Conaghan PG, Hirko K, Menashe L, Li L, et al. Systematic review of the concurrent and predictive validity of MRI biomarkers in OA. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2011;19(5):557\u201388.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"12","key":"3550_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.08.027","volume":"20","author":"BJ de Lange-Brokaar","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Lange-Brokaar BJ, Ioan-Facsinay A, van Osch GJ, Zuurmond AM, Schoones J, Toes RE, et al. Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: a review. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2012;20(12):1484\u201399.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206676","volume":"75","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Blizzard L, Halliday A, Han W, Jin X, Cicuttini F, et al. Association between MRI-detected knee joint regional effusion-synovitis and structural changes in older adults: a cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(3):519\u201325.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3550_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22714","volume":"68","author":"A Hung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hung A, Sayre EC, Guermazi A, Esdaile JM, Kopec JA, Thorne A, et al. Association of Body Mass Index with incidence and progression of knee effusion on magnetic resonance imaging and on knee examination. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016;68(4):511\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"3550_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2017.04.004","volume":"213","author":"B Burda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burda B, Steidle-Kloc E, Dannhauer T, Wirth W, Ruhdorfer A, Eckstein F. Variance in infra-patellar fat pad volume: does the body mass index matter?-Data from osteoarthritis initiative participants without symptoms or signs of knee disease. Ann Anat. 2017;213:19\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"3550_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan F, Han W, Wang X, Liu Z, Jin X, Antony B, et al. A longitudinal study of the association between infrapatellar fat pad maximal area and changes in knee symptoms and structure in older adults. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;74.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205108"},{"issue":"9","key":"3550_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21125","volume":"28","author":"B Chuckpaiwong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chuckpaiwong B, Charles HC, Kraus VB, Guilak F, Nunley JA. Age-associated increases in the size of the infrapatellar fat pad in knee osteoarthritis as measured by 3T MRI. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(9):1149\u201354.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3550_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R145","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4607","volume":"16","author":"W Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han W, Cai S, Liu Z, Jin X, Wang X, Antony B, et al. Infrapatellar fat pad in the knee: is local fat good or bad for knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(4):R145.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"3550_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.6.619","volume":"60","author":"P Garnero","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garnero P, Piperno M, Gineyts E, Christgau S, Delmas PD, Vignon E. Cross sectional evaluation of biochemical markers of bone, cartilage, and synovial tissue metabolism in patients with knee osteoarthritis: relations with disease activity and joint damage. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(6):619\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3550_CR40","first-page":"1330","volume":"28","author":"CL Hill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hill CL, Gale DG, Chaisson CE, Skinner K, Kazis L, Gale ME, et al. Knee effusions, popliteal cysts, and synovial thickening: association with knee pain in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001;28(6):1330\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3550_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208360","volume":"75","author":"W Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han W, Aitken D, Zhu Z, Halliday A, Wang X, Antony B, et al. Signal intensity alteration in the infrapatellar fat pad at baseline for the prediction of knee symptoms and structure in older adults: a cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(10):1783\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3550_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30148","volume":"63","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Nevitt M, Niu J, Lewis C, Torner J, Guermazi A, et al. Fluctuation of knee pain and changes in bone marrow lesions, effusions, and synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(3):691\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"3550_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.067470","volume":"66","author":"CL Hill","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hill CL, Hunter DJ, Niu J, Clancy M, Guermazi A, Genant H, et al. Synovitis detected on magnetic resonance imaging and its relation to pain and cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(12):1599\u2013603.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"3550_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.06.006","volume":"17","author":"GH Lo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lo GH, McAlindon TE, Niu J, Zhang Y, Beals C, Dabrowski C, et al. Bone marrow lesions and joint effusion are strongly and independently associated with weight-bearing pain in knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2009;17(12):1562\u20139.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150355","volume":"43","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Jin X, Han W, Cao Y, Halliday A, Blizzard L, et al. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between knee joint effusion synovitis and knee pain in older adults. J Rheumatol. 2016;43(1):121\u201330.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3550_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20546","volume":"63","author":"LM Goulston","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goulston LM, Kiran A, Javaid MK, Soni A, White KM, Hart DJ, et al. Does obesity predict knee pain over fourteen years in women, independently of radiographic changes? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(10):1398\u2013406.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199903000-00013","volume":"10","author":"SA Oliveria","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oliveria SA, Felson DT, Cirillo PA, Reed JI, Walker AM. Body weight, body mass index, and incident symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Epidemiology. 1999;10(2):161\u20136.","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"3550_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21754","volume":"65","author":"J Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee J, Song J, Hootman JM, Semanik PA, Chang RW, Sharma L, et al. Obesity and other modifiable factors for physical inactivity measured by accelerometer in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(1):53\u201361.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"issue":"12","key":"3550_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.08.010","volume":"19","author":"D Loeuille","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loeuille D, Sauliere N, Champigneulle J, Rat AC, Blum A, Chary-Valckenaere I. Comparing non-enhanced and enhanced sequences in the assessment of effusion and synovitis in knee OA: associations with clinical, macroscopic and microscopic features. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2011;19(12):1433\u20139.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.10.006","volume":"25","author":"RG Riis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riis RG, Gudbergsen H, Simonsen O, Henriksen M, Al-Mashkur N, Eld M, et al. The association between histological, macroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging assessed synovitis in end-stage knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2017;25(2):272\u201380.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"6","key":"3550_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.2038","volume":"192","author":"FW Roemer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roemer FW, Guermazi A, Zhang Y, Yang M, Hunter DJ, Crema MD, et al. Hoffa\u2019s fat pad: evaluation on unenhanced MR images as a measure of patellofemoral synovitis in osteoarthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192(6):1696\u2013700.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3550_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(94)00119-N","volume":"13","author":"F Fernandez-Madrid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fernandez-Madrid F, Karvonen RL, Teitge RA, Miller PR, An T, Negendank WG. Synovial thickening detected by MR imaging in osteoarthritis of the knee confirmed by biopsy as synovitis. Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;13(2):177\u201383.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T10:13:04Z","timestamp":1650535984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The OAI study is compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and was approved by the local institutional review board of each OAI participating center. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the local institutional review board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}