{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:21:33Z","timestamp":1791973293430,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03903-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T16:02:55Z","timestamp":1631635375000},"page":"101-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Review of diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast\u2013enhanced MRI for multiple myeloma and its precursors (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering myeloma)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0038-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Van Den Berghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koenraad L.","family":"Verstraete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric E.","family":"Lecouvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryse","family":"Lejoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dutoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3903_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1833-4","volume":"20","author":"A Biffar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biffar A, Baur-Melnyk A, Schmidt GP, Reiser MF, Dietrich O. Multiparameter MRI assessment of normal-appearing and diseased vertebral bone marrow. Eur Radiol. 2010;20:2679\u201389.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7420","volume":"197","author":"CJ Hanrahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanrahan CJ, Shah LM. MRI of spinal bone marrow: part 2, T1-weighted imaging-based differential diagnosis. Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197:1309\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3903_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murphy DT, Moynagh MR, Eustace SJ, Kavanagh EC. Bone marrow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2010;18:727\u201335. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2010.07.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2010.07.003"},{"key":"3903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-010-0919-z","volume":"89","author":"C Rana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rana C, Sharma S, Agrawal V, Singh U. Bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma and its correlation with clinicopathological factors. Ann Hematol. 2010;89:789\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"3903_CR5","first-page":"58","volume":"6","author":"L Brull","year":"1951","unstructured":"Brull L. Multiple myeloma. Rev Med Liege. 1951;6:58\u201360.","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"},{"key":"3903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Blade J, Merlini G, Mateos MV, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2014;15:e538\u201348. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5"},{"key":"3903_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrulis M, B\u00e4uerle T, Goldschmidt H, Delorme S, Landgren O, Schirmacher P, et al. Infiltration patterns in monoclonal plasma cell disorders: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with matched bone marrow histology. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2014;83:970\u20134. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.03.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.03.005"},{"key":"3903_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"E Mena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mena E, Choyke P, Tan E, Landgren O, Kurdziel K. Molecular imaging in myeloma precursor disease. NIH Public Access. 2011;23:1\u20137.","journal-title":"NIH Public Access."},{"key":"3903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Messiou C, Kaiser M. Whole-body imaging in multiple myeloma. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am [Internet]. Elsevier Inc; 2018;26:509\u201325. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2018.06.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2018.06.006"},{"key":"3903_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60493-1","volume":"385","author":"C R\u00f6llig","year":"2015","unstructured":"R\u00f6llig C, Knop S, Bornh\u00e4user M. Multiple myeloma. Lancet. 2015;385:2197\u2013208.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3903_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mateos MV, Kumar S, Dimopoulos MA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Calle V, Kastritis E, Hajek R, et al. International Myeloma Working Group risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Blood Cancer J [Internet]. Springer US; 2020;10. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-020-00366-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00366-3"},{"key":"3903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091809","volume":"257","author":"K Fechtner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fechtner K, Hillengass J, Delorme S, Heiss C, Neben K, Goldschmidt H, et al. Staging monoclonal plasma cell disease: comparison of the Durie-Salmon and the Durie-Salmon PLUS staging systems. Radiology. 2010;257:195\u2013204.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolf MB, Murray F, Kilk K, Hillengass J, Delorme S, Heiss C, et al. Sensitivity of whole-body CT and MRI versus projection radiography in the detection of osteolyses in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disease. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2014;83:1222\u201330. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.02.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.02.008"},{"key":"3903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2267","volume":"33","author":"A Palumbo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palumbo A, Avet-Loiseau H, Oliva S, Lokhorst HM, Goldschmidt H, Rosinol L, et al. Revised international staging system for multiple myeloma: a report from international myeloma working group. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2863\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3903_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barwick T, Bretsztajn L, Wallitt K, Amiras D, Rockall A, Messiou C. Imaging in myeloma with focus on advanced imaging techniques. Br J Radiol. 2019;92:20180768.","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180768"},{"key":"3903_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1950-0","volume":"21","author":"G Sommer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sommer G, Klarh\u00f6fer M, Lenz C, Scheffler K, Bongartz G, Winter L. Signal characteristics of focal bone marrow lesions in patients with multiple myeloma using whole body T1w-TSE, T2w-STIR and diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression. Eur Radiol. 2011;21:857\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13509","volume":"171","author":"C Messiou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Messiou C, Kaiser M. Whole body diffusion weighted MRI - a new view of myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2015;171:29\u201337.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"3903_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.9961","volume":"33","author":"MA Dimopoulos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dimopoulos MA, Hillengass J, Usmani S, Zamagni E, Lentzsch S, Davies FE, et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus statement. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:657\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000230","volume":"27","author":"L Mart\u00ed-Bonmat\u00ed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ed-Bonmat\u00ed L, Ramirez-Fuentes C, Alberich-Bayarri \u00c1, Ruiz-Llorca C. State-of-the-art of bone marrow imaging in multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2015;27:540\u201350.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"3903_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee K, Park HY, Kim KW, Lee AJ, Yoon MA, Chae EJ, et al. Advances in whole body MRI for musculoskeletal imaging: diffusion-weighted imaging. J Clin Orthop Trauma Elsevier BV\u00a02019;10:680\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.05.018"},{"key":"3903_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.03.011","volume":"76","author":"A Biffar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biffar A, Dietrich O, Sourbron S, Duerr HR, Reiser MF, Baur-Melnyk A. Diffusion and perfusion imaging of bone marrow. Eur J Radiol Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 2010;76:323\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Elsevier Ireland Ltd"},{"key":"3903_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4543-8","volume":"27","author":"SY Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee SY, Kim HJ, Shin YR, Park HJ, Lee YG, Oh SJ. Prognostic significance of focal lesions and diffuse infiltration on MRI for multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol European Radiology. 2017;27:2333\u201347.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol European Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23258","volume":"87","author":"LA Moulopoulos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moulopoulos LA, Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E, Christoulas D, Gkotzamanidou M, Roussou M, et al. Diffuse pattern of bone marrow involvement on magnetic resonance imaging is associated with high risk cytogenetics and poor outcome in newly diagnosed, symptomatic patients with multiple myeloma: a single center experience on 228 patients. Am J Hematol. 2012;87:861\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"3903_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.091918","volume":"99","author":"J Caers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caers J, Withofs N, Hillengass J, Simoni P, Zamagni E, Hustinx R, et al. The role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and follow up of multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2014;99:629\u201337.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"3903_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14827","volume":"178","author":"A Chantry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chantry A, Kazmi M, Barrington S, Goh V, Mulholland N, Streetly M, et al. Guidelines for the use of imaging in the management of patients with myeloma. Br J Haematol Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2017;178:380\u201393.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol Blackwell Publishing Ltd"},{"key":"3903_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06281-x","volume":"30","author":"AYT Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai AYT, Riddell A, Barwick T, Boyd K, Rockall A, Kaiser M, et al. Interobserver agreement of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging is superior to whole-body computed tomography for assessing disease burden in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur Radiol Springer. 2020;30:320\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Springer"},{"key":"3903_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019181949","volume":"291","author":"C Messiou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Messiou C, Hillengass J, Delorme S, Lecouvet FE, Moulopoulos LA, Collins DJ, et al. Guidelines for acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of whole-body MRI in myeloma: myeloma response assessment and diagnosis system (MY-RADS). Radiology. 2019;291:5\u201313.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cuenod CA, Balvay D. Perfusion and vascular permeability: basic concepts and measurement in DCE-CT and DCE-MRI. Diagn Interv Imaging [Internet]. Elsevier Masson SAS; 2013;94:1187\u2013204. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diii.2013.10.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2013.10.010"},{"key":"3903_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Figueiras R, Padhani AR, Beer AJ, Baleato-Gonz\u00e1lez S, Vilanova JC, Luna A, et al. Imaging of Tumor angiogenesis for radiologists-part 1: biological and technical basis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2015;44:407\u201324. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2015.02.010","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2015.02.010"},{"key":"3903_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutoulidis V, Papanikolaou N, Moulopoulos LA. Functional and molecular MRI of the bone marrow in multiple myeloma. Br J Radiol\u00a02018;91:20170389.","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170389"},{"key":"3903_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880060210","volume":"6","author":"KL Verstraele","year":"1996","unstructured":"Verstraele KL, Van Der Woude HJ, Hogendoorn PCW, De Deene Y, Kunnen M, Bloem JL. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of musculoskeletal tumors: basic principles and clinical applications. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6:311\u201321.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3903_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dutoit JC, Claus E, Offner F, Noens L, Delanghe J, Verstraete KL. Combined evaluation of conventional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted imaging for response evaluation of patients with multiple myeloma. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2016;85:373\u201382. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.11.040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.11.040"},{"key":"3903_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.04.012","volume":"82","author":"JC Dutoit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dutoit JC, Vanderkerken MA, Verstraete KL. Value of whole body MRI and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in the diagnosis, follow-up and evaluation of disease activity and extent in multiple myeloma. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82:1444\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2006.10.021","volume":"25","author":"C Lavini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lavini C, de Jonge MC, van de Sande MGH, Tak PP, Nederveen AJ, Maas M. Pixel-by-pixel analysis of DCE MRI curve patterns and an illustration of its application to the imaging of the musculoskeletal system. Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25:604\u201312.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3903_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-016-0492-7","volume":"7","author":"JC Dutoit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dutoit JC, Verstraete KL. MRI in multiple myeloma: a pictorial review of diagnostic and post-treatment findings. Insights Imaging [Internet]. Insights Imaging. 2016;7:553\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13244-016-0492-7.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging."},{"key":"3903_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22861","volume":"66","author":"SP Sourbron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sourbron SP, Buckley DL. On the scope and interpretation of the Tofts models for DCE-MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2011;66:735\u201345.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"3903_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22795","volume":"34","author":"TS Koh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koh TS, Bisdas S, Koh DM, Thng CH. Fundamentals of tracer kinetics for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;34:1262\u201376.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3903_CR38","unstructured":"Tofts PS. T1-weighted DCE imaging concepts: modelling, acquisition and analysis. MAGNETOM Flash [Internet]. 2010;3:30\u20139. Available from:\u00a0http:\/\/www.paul-tofts-phd.org.uk\/DCE-MRI_siemens.pdf. Accessed 1 Aug 2021"},{"key":"3903_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1556-6","volume":"20","author":"S Zwick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zwick S, Brix G, Tofts PS, Strecker R, Kopp-Schneider A, Laue H, et al. Simulation-based comparison of two approaches frequently used for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol. 2010;20:432\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1029","volume":"21","author":"M Merz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merz M, Ritsch J, Kunz C, Wagner B, Sauer S, Hose D, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of antiangiogenic treatment effects in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:106\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3903_CR41","first-page":"147","volume":"4","author":"Y Gordon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordon Y, Partovi S, M\u00fcller-Eschner M, Amarteifio E, B\u00e4uerle T, Weber M-A, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: fundamentals and application to the evaluation of the peripheral perfusion. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2014;4:147\u201314764.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"3903_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20161","volume":"52","author":"G Brix","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brix G, Kiessling F, Lucht R, Darai S, Wasser K, Delorme S, et al. Microcirculation and microvasculature in breast tumors: pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic MR image series. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52:420\u20139.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"3903_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zechmann CM, Traine L, Mei\u00dfner T, Wagner-Gund B, Giesel FL, Goldschmidt H, et al. Parametric Histogram analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in multiple myeloma. A Technique to evaluate angiogenic response to therapy? Acad Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2012;19:100\u20138. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2011.09.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2011.09.007"},{"key":"3903_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3324-5","volume":"24","author":"JC Dutoit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dutoit JC, Vanderkerken MA, Anthonissen J, Dochy F, Verstraete KL. The diagnostic value of SE MRI and DWI of the spine in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering myeloma and multiple myeloma. Eur Radiol. 2014;24:2754\u201365.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gariani J, Westerland O, Natas S, Verma H, Cook G, Goh V. Comparison of whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) to whole body computed tomography (WBCT) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/CT (18F-FDG PET\/CT) in patients with myeloma: systematic review of diagnostic performance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2018;124:66\u201372. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.02.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.02.012"},{"key":"3903_CR46","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"N Lang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lang N, Sub M-Y, Yub HJ, Linb M, Hamamurab MJ, Huishu Y, et al. Differentiation of myeloma and metastatic cancer in the spine using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. Bone. 2014;23:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"3903_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02417-9","volume":"62","author":"F Di Giuliano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Giuliano F, Picchi E, Muto M, Calcagni A, Ferrazzoli V, Da Ros V, et al. Radiological imaging in multiple myeloma: review of the state-of-the-art. Neuroradiology. 2020;62:905\u201323.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"3903_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-3078-7","volume":"96","author":"E Terpos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terpos E, Matsaridis D, Koutoulidis V, Zagouri F, Christoulas D, Fontara S, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters correlate with advanced revised-ISS and angiopoietin-1\/angiopoietin-2 ratio in patients with multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol Annals of Hematology. 2017;96:1707\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol Annals of Hematology"},{"key":"3903_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. L, A. L, K. B, P. M, A. V, J.-F. D, et al. Patients with plasma cell disorders examined at whole-body dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging: initial experience. Radiology [Internet]. 2009;250:905\u201315. Available from:\u00a0http:\/\/www.embase.com\/search\/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L354344061%0Ahttp:\/\/radiology.rsnajnls.org\/cgi\/reprint\/250\/3\/905%0A10.1148\/radiol.2503081017. Accessed 1 Aug 2021","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503081017"},{"key":"3903_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2010.11.2.187","volume":"11","author":"Y Zha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zha Y, Li M, Yang J. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse spinal bone marrow infiltration in patients with hematological malignancies. Korean J Radiol. 2010;11:187\u201394.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20349","volume":"22","author":"S Nos\u00e0s-Garcia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nos\u00e0s-Garcia S, Moehler T, Wasser K, Kiessling F, Bartl R, Zuna I, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for assessing the disease activity of multiple myeloma: a comparative study with histology and clinical markers. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;22:154\u201362.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3903_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14038","volume":"174","author":"J Hillengass","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hillengass J, Ritsch J, Merz M, Wagner B, Kunz C, Hielscher T, et al. Increased microcirculation detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is of prognostic significance in asymptomatic myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2016;174:127\u201335.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"3903_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7005","volume":"197","author":"LM Shah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shah LM, Hanrahan CJ. MRI of spinal bone marrow: part 1, techniques and normal age-related appearances. Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197:1298\u2013308.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3903_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herrmann J, Krstin N, Schoennagel BP, Sornsakrin M, Derlin T, Busch JD, et al. Age-related distribution of vertebral bone-marrow diffusivity. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2012;81:4046\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.03.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.03.033"},{"key":"3903_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karampinos DC, Ruschke S, Dieckmeyer M, Diefenbach M, Franz D, Gersing AS, et al. Quantitative MRI and spectroscopy of bone marrow. J Magn Reson Imaging.\u00a02018;47:332\u201353.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25769"},{"key":"3903_CR56","first-page":"703","volume":"229","author":"J-L Montazel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Montazel J-L, Divine M, Lepage E, Kobeiter H, Breil S, Rahmouni A. Normal spinal bone marrow in adults: dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology Radiological Society of North America. 2003;229:703\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiology Radiological Society of North America"},{"key":"3903_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Budzik JF, Lefebvre G, Behal H, Verclytte S, Hardouin P, Teixeira P, et al. Bone marrow perfusion measured with dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is correlated to body mass index in adults. Bone [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2017;99:47\u201352. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2017.03.048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.03.048"},{"key":"3903_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9080","volume":"200","author":"SR Breault","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breault SR, Heye T, Bashir MR, Dale BM, Merkle EM, Reiner CS, et al. Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of pelvic and lumbar bone marrow: effect of age and marrow fat content on pharmacokinetic parameter values. Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200:297\u2013303.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3903_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukla-Dave A, Obuchowski NA, Chenevert TL, Jambawalikar S, Schwartz LH, Malyarenko D, et al. Quantitative imaging biomarkers alliance (QIBA) recommendations for improved precision of DWI and DCE-MRI derived biomarkers in multicenter oncology trials. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019;49:e101\u201321.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26518"},{"key":"3903_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietrich O, Geith T, Reiser MF, Baur-Melnyk A. Diffusion imaging of the vertebral bone marrow. NMR Biomed. 2017;30:e3333.","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3333"},{"key":"3903_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dietrich O, Biffar A, Baur-Melnyk A, Reiser MF. Technical aspects of MR diffusion imaging of the body. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2010;76:314\u201322. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.02.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.02.018"},{"key":"3903_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24285","volume":"38","author":"R Attariwala","year":"2013","unstructured":"Attariwala R, Picker W. Whole body MRI: Improved lesion detection and characterization with diffusion weighted techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;38:253\u201368.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3903_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horger M, Weisel K, Horger W, Mroue A, Fenchel M, Lichy M. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping for early response monitoring in multiple myeloma: preliminary results. Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196:W790-95.","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5979"},{"key":"3903_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paternain A, Garc\u00eda-Velloso MJ, Rosales JJ, Ezponda A, Soriano I, Elorz M, et al. The utility of ADC value in diffusion-weighted whole-body MRI in the follow-up of patients with multiple myeloma. Correlation study with 18F-FDG PET-CT. Eur J Radiol. 2020;133:109403.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109403"},{"key":"3903_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130420","volume":"268","author":"BD Le","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le BD. Apparent diffusion coefficient and beyond\u202f: what diffusion mr imaging can tell us about tissue structure. Radiology. 2013;268:318\u201322.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8185","volume":"200","author":"AR Padhani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Padhani AR, Van Ree K, Collins DJ, D\u2019Sa S, Makris A. Assessing the relation between bone marrow signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient in diffusion-weighted MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200:163\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3903_CR67","first-page":"345","volume":"279","author":"FE Lecouvet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lecouvet FE. Whole-body MR imaging: musculoskeletal applications. Radiology. Radiol Soc North America Inc. 2016;279:345\u201365.","journal-title":"Radiol Soc North America Inc."},{"key":"3903_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.02.020","volume":"62","author":"FE Lecouvet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lecouvet FE, El Mouedden J, Collette L, Coche E, Danse E, Jamar F, et al. Can Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging replace Tc 99m bone scanning and computed tomography for single-step detection of metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer? Eur Urol. 2012;62:68\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3903_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5330-5","volume":"28","author":"CH Suh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suh CH, Yun SJ, Jin W, Lee SH, Park SY, Ryu CW. ADC as a useful diagnostic tool for differentiating benign and malignant vertebral bone marrow lesions and compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol European Radiology. 2018;28:2890\u2013902.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol European Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08658.x","volume":"153","author":"J Hillengass","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hillengass J, B\u00e4uerle T, Bartl R, Andrulis M, Mcclanahan F, Laun FB, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging for non-invasive and quantitative monitoring of bone marrow infiltration in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disease: a comparative study with histology. Br J Haematol. 2011;153:721\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"3903_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berardo S, Sukhovei L, Andorno S, Carriero A, Stecco A. Quantitative bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging through apparent diffusion coefficient and fat fraction in multiple myeloma patients. Radiol Medica [Internet]. Springer Milan; 2021;126:445\u201352. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-020-01258-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01258-z"},{"key":"3903_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1106-6","volume":"40","author":"MMY Khoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khoo MMY, Tyler PA, Saifuddin A, Padhani AR. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in musculoskeletal MRI: a critical review. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40:665\u201381.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160363","volume":"282","author":"V Koutoulidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koutoulidis V, Fontara S, Terpos E, Zagouri F, Matsaridis D, Christoulas D, et al. Quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging of the bone marrow: an adjunct tool for the diagnosis of a diffuse MR imaging pattern in patients with multiple myeloma. Radiology. 2017;282:484\u201393.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2116-4","volume":"21","author":"C Messiou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Messiou C, Collins DJ, Morgan VA, Desouza NM. Optimising diffusion weighted MRI for imaging metastatic and myeloma bone disease and assessing reproducibility. Eur Radiol. 2011;21:1713\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR75","first-page":"773","volume":"277","author":"K Belhadj","year":"2015","unstructured":"Belhadj K, Beaussart P, Vignaud A, Zerbib P.Musculoskeletal imaging: intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging of multiple myeloma lesions Bourillon, , et al. Radiol n Radiol. 2015;277:773\u201383.","journal-title":"Radiol n Radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07295-6","volume":"31","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Wang Q, Wu X, Zhao A, Feng J, Zhang H, et al. Baseline bone marrow ADC value of diffusion-weighted MRI: a potential independent predictor for progression and death in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Eur Radiol European Radiology. 2021;31:1843\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol European Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.20989","volume":"213","author":"J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen J, Li C, Tian Y, Xiao Q, Deng M, Hu H, et al. Comparison of whole-body DWI and 18F-FDG PET\/CT for detecting intramedullary and extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma. Am J Roentgenol. 2019;213:514\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3903_CR78","first-page":"2869","volume":"99","author":"C Mesguich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesguich C, Hulin C, Latrabe V, Lascaux A, Bordenave L, Hindi\u00e9 E, et al. Prospective comparison of 18-FDG PET\/CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI in the assessment of multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol Springer Sci Bus Med Deutschland GmbH. 2020;99:2869\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol Springer Sci Bus Med Deutschland GmbH."},{"key":"3903_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114538792","volume":"56","author":"E Squillaci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Squillaci E, Bolacchi F, Altobelli S, Franceschini L, Bergamini A, Cantonetti M, et al. Pre-treatment staging of multiple myeloma patients: comparison of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging with whole-body T1-weighted contrast-enhanced imaging. Acta radiol. 2015;56:733\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta radiol"},{"key":"3903_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh S, Pilavachi E, Dudek A, Bray TJP, Latifoltojar A, Rajesparan K, et al. Whole body MRI in multiple myeloma: optimising image acquisition and read times. PLoS One. Public Library of Science; 2020;15::e0228424.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228424"},{"key":"3903_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20683","volume":"24","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Le Bihan D, Poupon C, Amadon A, Lethimonnier F. Artifacts and pitfalls in diffusion MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:478\u201388.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3903_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.139816","volume":"101","author":"A Wale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wale A, Pawlyn C, Kaiser M, Messiou C. Frequency, distribution and clinical management of incidental findings and extramedullary plasmacytomas in whole body diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2016;101:e142\u20134.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"3903_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2018.08.006","volume":"18","author":"O Westerland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Westerland O, Sivarasan N, Natas S, Verma H, McElroy S, Winfield JM, et al. Added value of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted sequences for characterization of incidental findings on whole body magnetic resonance imaging in plasma cell disorders. Clin Lymphoma, Myeloma Leuk. 2018;18:822\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma, Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"3903_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5079-2","volume":"28","author":"JM Winfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Winfield JM, Poillucci G, Blackledge MD, Collins DJ, Shah V, Tunariu N, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient of vertebral haemangiomas allows differentiation from malignant focal deposits in whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI. Eur Radiol European Radiology. 2018;28:1687\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol European Radiology"},{"key":"3903_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170577","volume":"91","author":"A Barnes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barnes A, Alonzi R, Blackledge M, Charles-Edwards G, Collins DJ, Cook G, et al. Guidelines & recommendations: UK quantitative WB-DWI technical workgroup: consensus meeting recommendations on optimisation, quality control, processing and analysis of quantitative whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging for cancer. Br J Radiol. 2018;91:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03903-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03903-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03903-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T05:02:45Z","timestamp":1673240565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03903-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03903-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}