{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:26:10Z","timestamp":1792513570285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03905-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T12:03:00Z","timestamp":1631707380000},"page":"905-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Update on imaging in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: promising role of functional imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sharjeel","family":"Usmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najeeb","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopinath","family":"Gnanasegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Marafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"van den Wyngaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3905_CR1","unstructured":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKDMBD working group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease\u2013mineral and bone disorder (CKD\u2013MBD). Kidney Int. 2009;Suppl 113: S1-S130."},{"key":"3905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60687-X","volume":"382","author":"V Jha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jha V, Gaecia-Garcia G, Iseki K, et al. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet. 2013;382:260\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3905_CR3","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. 2016 USRDS Annual Data Report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases;2016."},{"key":"3905_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention. Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance System\u2014United States. website.\u00a0http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ckd. Accessed 30th August 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"3905_CR5","first-page":"368","volume":"2013","author":"R Kazancio\u011flu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kazancio\u011flu R. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: an update. Kidney Int Suppl. 2011;2013(3):368\u201371.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3905_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"M Ketteler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ketteler M, Block GA, Evenepoel P, et al. KDIGO 2017 clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of CKD-MBD. Kidney Int Suppl. 2017;7(Suppl 1):1\u201359.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"3905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0416-8","volume":"6","author":"A Sidib\u00e9","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sidib\u00e9 A, Moore L, Jean S, et al. Fracture risk in dialysis and kidney transplanted patients: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2017;6(1):37.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"3905_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.12.013","volume":"65","author":"AM Butler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Butler AM, Olshan AF, Kshirsagar AV, et al. Cancer incidence among US Medicare ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis, 1996\u20132009. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65:763.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2823","volume":"296","author":"CM Vajdic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MR, et al. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA. 2006;296:2823\u201331.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3905_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000414","volume":"69","author":"S Moe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moe S, Drueke T, Cunningham J, et al. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. 2006;69:1945\u201353.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"3905_CR11","first-page":"S1","volume":"42","author":"National Kidney Foundation","year":"2003","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation. K\/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(suppl 3):S1-201.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000057611","volume":"91","author":"G Coen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coen G, Ballanti P, Bonucci E, et al. Renal osteodystrophy in predialysis and hemodialysis patients: comparison of histologic patterns and diagnostic predictivity of intact PTH. Nephron. 2002;91:103\u201311.","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"3905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019192094","volume":"294","author":"MS Davenport","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, et al. Use of intravenous iodinated contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology. 2020;294:660\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3905_CR14","first-page":"S62","volume":"38","author":"HH Malluche","year":"1992","unstructured":"Malluche HH, Monier-Faugere MC. Risk of adynamic bone disease in dialyzed patients. Kidney Int Suppl. 1992;38:S62\u20137.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"3905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-017-0408-8","volume":"30","author":"MG Vervoloet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vervoloet MG, Brandenburg VM. Circulating markers of bone turnover. J Nephrol. 2017;30:663\u201370.","journal-title":"J Nephrol."},{"key":"3905_CR16","first-page":"293","volume":"31","author":"C Belino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Belino C, Meng C, Pereira L, et al. The role of bone biomarkers and new imaging techniques in the management of patients with CKD-MBD. Port J Nephrol Hypert. 2017;31:293\u20139.","journal-title":"Port J Nephrol Hypert"},{"key":"3905_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0362-3","volume":"15","author":"P Evenepoel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evenepoel P, Cavalier E, D\u2019Haese PC. Biomarkers predicting bone turnover in the setting of CKD. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017;15:178\u201386.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep."},{"key":"3905_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07670712","volume":"8","author":"S Pelletier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pelletier S, Dubourg L, Carlier MC, et al. The relation between renal function and serum sclerostin in adult patients with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:819\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10941013","volume":"9","author":"ER Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith ER. The use of fibroblast growth factor 23 testing in patients with kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9:1283\u2013303.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006080936","volume":"18","author":"D Fliser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fliser D, Kollerits B, Neyer U, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) predicts progression of chronic kidney disease: the Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease (MMKD) Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:2600\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-114397","volume":"23","author":"T Nakatani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakatani T, Sarraj B, Ohnishi M, et al. In vivo genetic evidence for klotho-dependent, fibroblast growth factor 23 (Fgf23) \u2013mediated regulation of systemic phosphate homeostasis. FASEB J. 2009;23:433\u201341.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"3905_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1094-z","volume":"19","author":"D Zou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou D, Wu W, He Y, Ma S, Gao J. The role of Klotho in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:285\u201397.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP65235","volume":"65","author":"HH Malluche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malluche HH, Monier-Faugere MC. Renal osteodystrophy: what\u2019s in a name? Presentation of a clinically useful new model to interpret bone histologic findings. Clin Nephrol. 2006;65:235\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.254","volume":"84","author":"RN Moorthi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moorthi RN, Moe SM. Recent advances in the noninvasive diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. Kidney Int. 2013;84:886\u201394.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3905_CR25","first-page":"397","volume":"13","author":"MS Joy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joy MS, Karagiannis PC, Peyerl FW. Outcomes of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease and the direct costs of treatment. J Manag Care Pharm. 2007;13:397\u2013411.","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Pharm."},{"key":"3905_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.64","volume":"43","author":"DJ Sherrard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sherrard DJ, Hercz G, Pei Y, Maloney NA, Greenwood C, Manuel A, et al. The spectrum of bone disease in end-stage renal failure\u2013an evolving disorder. Kidney Int. 1993;43:436\u201342.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3905_CR27","first-page":"135","volume":"3","author":"V Brandenburg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brandenburg V, Floege J. Adynamic bone disease-bone and beyond. NDT Plus. 2008;3:135\u201347.","journal-title":"NDT Plus"},{"key":"3905_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.05.028","volume":"48","author":"LA Rocha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rocha LA, Higa A, Barreto FC, et al. Variant of adynamic bone disease in hemodialysis patients: fact or fiction? Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48:430\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.60","volume":"73","author":"DL Andress","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andress DL. Adynamic bone in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008;73:1345\u201354.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3905_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.06.023","volume":"67","author":"SM Sprague","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sprague SM, Bellorin-Font E, Jorgetti V, Carvalho AB, Malluche HH, Ferreira A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of bone turnover markers and bone histology in patients with CKD treated by dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;67:559\u201366.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2013.01.025","volume":"68","author":"CY Lim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lim CY, Ong KO. Various musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic renal insufficiency. Clin Radiol. 2013;68:e397\u2013411.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"3905_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002287","volume":"74","author":"WG Goodman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goodman WG, Quarles LD. Development and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: lessons from molecular genetics. Kidney Int. 2008;74:276\u201388.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3905_CR33","first-page":"2012","volume-title":"Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders","author":"D Resnick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Resnick D, Niwayama G. Parathyroid disorders and renal osteodystrophy. In: Resnick D, Niwayama G, editors. Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1995. p. 2012\u201375."},{"key":"3905_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.13.2.8460225","volume":"13","author":"MD Murphey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murphey MD, Sartoris DJ, Quale JL, et al. Musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic renal insufficiency. Radiographics. 1993;13:357\u201379.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"3905_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2302020388","volume":"230","author":"A Wittenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wittenberg A. The rugger jersey spine sign. Radiology. 2004;230:491\u20132.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3905_CR36","first-page":"130","volume":"9","author":"G Mataliotakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mataliotakis G, Lykissas MG, Mavrodontidis AN, et al. Femoral neck fractures secondary to renal osteodystrophy: literature review and treatment algorithm. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2009;9:130\u20137.","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"3905_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Gahtany M, Cusimano M, Singer W, Bilbao J, Kovacs K, Marotta T. Brown tumors of the skull base. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:417\u201320.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.2.0417"},{"key":"3905_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(03)00072-X","volume":"46","author":"V Jevtic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jevtic V. Imaging of renal osteodystrophy. Eur J Radiol. 2003;46:85\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"3905_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S84784","volume":"9","author":"R Scarpioni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scarpioni R, Ricardi M, Albertazzi V, et al. Dialysis-related amyloidosis: challenges and solutions. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2016;9:319\u201328.","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1309","volume":"185","author":"E Kiss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiss E, Keusch G, Zanetti M, et al. Dialysis-related amyloidosis revisited. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185:1460.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3905_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-139x.2001.00035.x","volume":"14","author":"F Danesh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Danesh F, Ho LT. Dialysis-related amyloidosis: history and clinical manifestations. Semin Dial. 2001;14:80\u20135.","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"3905_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000186832","volume":"61","author":"H Maruyama","year":"1992","unstructured":"Maruyama H, Gejyo F, Arakawa M. Clinical studies of destructive spondyloarthropathy in long-term hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 1992;61:37\u201344.","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"3905_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.04.020","volume":"66","author":"JA Jaffe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jaffe JA, Liftman C, Glickman JM. Frequency of elevated serum aluminum levels in adult dialysis patients. AM J Kidney Dis. 2005;66:316\u20139.","journal-title":"AM J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193817","volume":"20","author":"M Sundaram","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sundaram M, Dessner D, Ballal S. Solitary, spontaneous cervical and large bone fractures in aluminum osteodystrophy. Skeletal Radiol. 1991;20:91\u20134.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"3905_CR45","first-page":"402","volume":"17","author":"P Langevitz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Langevitz P, Buskila D, Stewart J, et al. Osteonecrosis in patients receiving dialysis: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Rheumatol. 1990;17:402\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3905_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90386-8","volume":"28","author":"N Jones","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jones N, Kjellstrand CM. Spontaneous tendon ruptures in patients on chronic dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;28:861\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"3905_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resnick D. Abnormalities of bone and soft tissue following renal transplantation. Semin Roentgenol. 1978; i3:329\u2013340.","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-198X(78)90019-6"},{"key":"3905_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.254","volume":"84","author":"RN Moorthi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moorthi RN, Moe SM. Recent advances in the non-invasive diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. Kidney Int. 2013;84:886\u201394.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3905_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-017-0404-z","author":"J Bover","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bover J, Bailone L, L\u00f3pez-B\u00e1ez V, Benito S, Ciceri P, Galassi A, et al. Osteoporosis, bone mineral density and CKD-MBD: treatment considerations. J Nephrol. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-017-0404-z.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP62432","volume":"62","author":"R Lobao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lobao R, Carvalho AB, Cuppari L, et al. High prevalence of low bone mineral density in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: bone histomorphometric analysis. Clin Nephrol. 2004;62:432\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050772","volume":"11","author":"A Pimentel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pimentel A, Bover J, Elder G, et al. The use of imaging techniques in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (ckd-mbd)-a systematic review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11:772.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"3905_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1908-y","volume":"23","author":"S Jamal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jamal S, Cheung AM, West S, et al. Bone mineral density by DXA and HR pQCT can discriminate fracture status in men and women with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23:2805\u201313.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"3905_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra053077","volume":"354","author":"E Seeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seeman E, Delmas PD. Bone quality\u2013the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2250\u201361.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3905_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060105","volume":"21","author":"SA Jamal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jamal SA, Gilbert J, Gordon C, et al. Cortical pQCT measures are associated with fractures in dialysis patients. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21:543\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3905_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2012.01.005","volume":"15","author":"D Lala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lala D, Cheung AM, Gordon C, et al. Comparison of cortical bone measurements between pQCT and HR-pQCT. J Clin Densitom. 2012;15:275\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"3905_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090831","volume":"25","author":"J Bacchetta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bacchetta J, Boutroy S, Vilayphiou N, et al. Early impairment of trabecular microarchitecture assessed with HR-pQCT in patients with stage II-IV chronic kidney disease. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25:849\u201357.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3905_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12790","volume":"21","author":"AK Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma AK, Masterson R, Holt SG, et al. Emerging role of high resolution imaging in the detection of renal osteodystrophy. Nephrology. 2016;21:801\u201311.","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"3905_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.10.179","volume":"48","author":"J Folkesson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Folkesson J, Goldenstein J, Carballido-Gamio J, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of the effects of alendronate on MRI bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Bone. 2011;48:611\u201321.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"3905_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.046987","volume":"49","author":"ML Frost","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frost ML, Blake GM, Park-Holohan SJ, et al. Long-term precision of 18F-fluoride PET skeletal kinetic studies in the assessment of bone metabolism. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:700\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR60","first-page":"633","volume":"33","author":"RA Hawkins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hawkins RA, Choi Y, Huang SC, et al. Evaluation of the skeletal kinetics of fluorine-18-fluoride ion with PET. J NuclMed. 1992;33:633\u201342.","journal-title":"J NuclMed"},{"key":"3905_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.12.2215","volume":"18","author":"ML Frost","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frost ML, Cook GJR, Blake GM, et al. A prospective study of risedronate on regional bone metabolism and blood flow at the lumbar spine measured by 18Ffluoride positron emission tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:2215\u201322.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3905_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.062570","volume":"50","author":"K Uchida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uchida K, Nakajima H, Miyazaki T, et al. Effects of alendronate on bone metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis measured by 18F-fluoride PET: a prospective study. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1808\u201314.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR63","first-page":"1650","volume":"46","author":"J Installe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Installe J, Nzeusseu A, Bol A, et al. 18F-fluoride PET formonitoring therapeutic response in Paget\u2019s disease of bone. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1650\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR64","first-page":"949","volume":"77","author":"C Messa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Messa C, Goodman WG, Hoh CK, et al. Bone metabolic activity measured with positron emission tomography and [18F]fluoride ion in renal osteodystrophy: correlation with bone histomorphometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:949\u201355.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3905_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaltonen L, Koivuviita N, Sepp\u00e4nen M, et al. Correlation between 18F-Sodium Fluoride positron emission tomography and bone histomorphometry in dialysis patients. Bone. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115267"},{"key":"3905_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000759","volume":"38","author":"S Usmani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Usmani S, Marafi F, Esmail A, et al. A proof of concept study analyzing the clinical utility of 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET-CT in skeletal staging of oncology patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. Nucl Med Commun. 2017;38:1067\u201375.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"3905_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aaltonen L, Koivuviita N, Sepp\u00e4nen M, et al. Bone histomorphometry and\u00a018F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography imaging: comparison between only bone turnover-based and unified TMV-based classification of renal osteodystrophy [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jun 17].\u00a0Calcif Tissue Int. 2021;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-021-00874-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00874-9"},{"key":"3905_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.763","volume":"15","author":"GJ Cook","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cook GJ, Lodge MA, Blake GM, et al. Differences in skeletal kinetics between vertebral and humeral bone measured by 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15:763\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3905_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.201","volume":"47","author":"A Torres","year":"1995","unstructured":"Torres A, Lorenzo V, Hernandez D, et al. Bone disease in predialysis, hemodialysis, and CAPD patients: Evidence of a better bone response to PTH. Kidney Int. 1995;47:1434\u201342.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3905_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stacul F, van der Molen, Aart J, Reimer P, Webb JA, et al. Contrast induced nephropathy: updated ESUR contrast media safety committee guidelines. Eur Radiol. 2011;21: 2527\u20132541.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2225-0"},{"key":"3905_CR71","first-page":"134","volume":"48","author":"S Polena","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polena S, Yang S, Alam R, Gricius J, Gupta JR, et al. Nephropathy in critically Ill patients without preexisting renal disease. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2005;48:134\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc West Pharmacol Soc"},{"key":"3905_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10092000","volume":"1","author":"RW Katzberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Katzberg RW, Newhouse JH. Intravenous contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity: is the medical risk really as great as we have come to believe? Radiology. 2010;1:21\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3905_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0420-2","volume":"6","author":"AZ Khawaja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khawaja AZ, Cassidy DB, Al Shakarchi J, et al. Revisiting the risks of MRI with gadolinium based contrast agents-review of literature and guidelines. Insights Imaging. 2015;6:553\u20138.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"3905_CR74","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2010) Assessment report for gadolinium-containing contrast agents. In: Proced. No. EMEA\/H\/A-31\/1097."},{"key":"3905_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(97)80030-X","volume":"27","author":"PJ Ryan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ryan PJ, Fogelman I. Bone scintigraphy in metabolic bone disease. Semin Nucl Med. 1997;27:291\u2013305.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelrazek S, Szumowski P, Rogowski F, et al. Bone scan in metabolic bone diseases. Review. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2012;15:124\u2013131.","DOI":"10.5603\/NMR.2012.0003"},{"key":"3905_CR77","first-page":"1236","volume":"18","author":"I Fogelman","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fogelman I, McKillop JH, Greig WR, et al. Pseudofractures of the ribs detected by bone scanning. J Nucl Med. 1977;18:1236\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR78","first-page":"201","volume":"20","author":"P de Graaf","year":"1984","unstructured":"de Graaf P, Schicht IM, Pauwels EK, et al. Bone scintigraphic in uremic pulmonary calcification. J Nucl Med. 1984;20:201\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.077933","volume":"51","author":"J Czernin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Czernin J, Satyamurthy N, Schiepers C. Molecular mechanisms of bone 18F-NaF deposition. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1826\u20139.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR80","first-page":"112","volume":"63","author":"S Vaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vaz S, Usmani S, Gnanasegaran G, et al. Molecular imaging of bone metastases using bone targeted tracers. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;63:112\u201328.","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"3905_CR81","first-page":"287","volume":"47","author":"E Even-Sapir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Even-Sapir E, Metser U, Mishani E, et al. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET\/CT. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:287\u201397.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.082263","volume":"51","author":"G Segall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Segall G, Delbeke D, Stabin MG, et al. SNM practice guideline for sodium 18F-fluoride PET\/CT bone scans 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1813\u201320.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"3905_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.2.2798878","volume":"173","author":"JE Kuhlman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kuhlman JE, Ren H, Hutchins GM, Fishman EK. Fulminant pulmonary calcification complicating renal transplantation: CT demonstration. Radiology. 1989;173:459\u201360.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3905_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i9.409","volume":"2","author":"I Fathi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fathi I, Sakr M. Review of tumoral calcinosis: a rare clinico-pathological entity. World J Clin Cases. 2014;2:409\u201314.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"3905_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008070692","volume":"20","author":"M Mizobuchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mizobuchi M, Towler D, Slatopolsky E, et al. Vasuclar calcification: the killer of patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:1453\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3905_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i4.115","volume":"6","author":"T Stomp\u00f3r","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stomp\u00f3r T. Coronary artery calcification in chronic kidney disease: An update. World J Cardiol. 2014;6:115\u201329.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"3905_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.12.037","volume":"59","author":"MR Dweck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dweck MR, Chow MW, Joshi NV, et al. Coronary arterial 18F-sodium fluoride uptake: a novel marker of plaque biology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1539\u201348.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"3905_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61754-7","volume":"383","author":"NV Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi NV, Vesey AT, Williams MC, et al. 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography for identification of ruptured and high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a prospective clinical trial. Lancet. 2014;383:705\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3905_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.076471","volume":"51","author":"T Derlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derlin T, Richter U, Bannas P, et al. Feasibility of 18F-sodium fluoride PET\/CT for imaging of atherosclerotic plaque. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:862\u20135.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.081208","volume":"52","author":"T Derlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Derlin T, Wisotzki C, Richter U, et al. In vivo imaging of mineral deposition in carotid plaque using 18F-sodium fluoride PET\/CT: correlation with atherogenic risk factors. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:362\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3905_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4122-0","volume":"45","author":"L Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li L, Li X, Jia Y, et al. Sodium-fluoride PET-CT for the non-invasive evaluation of coronary plaques in symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease: a cross-correlation study with intravascular ultrasound. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45:2181\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"3905_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva Mendes BI,\u00a0Oliveira-Santos M,\u00a0Vidigal Ferreira MJ. Sodium fluoride in cardiovascular disorders: a systematic review. J Nucl Cardiol.\u00a02019. Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-019-01832-7"},{"key":"3905_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0482-4","volume":"16","author":"JS Yoder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoder JS, Kogan F, Gold GE. PET-MRI for the study of metabolic bone disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2018;16:665\u201373.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03905-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03905-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03905-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T20:57:21Z","timestamp":1699477041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03905-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-021-03905-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}