{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:25:45Z","timestamp":1793255145601,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-023-04558-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1705417330000},"page":"2067-2079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Imaging assessment of spine infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4936-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Laur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Schonberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Gunio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Minkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Bartolotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1","volume":"22","author":"RM Duarte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duarte RM, Vaccaro AR. Spinal infection: state of the art and management algorithm. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:2787\u201399.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"4558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050793","volume":"9","author":"PN Tyrell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tyrell PN, Cassar-Pullicino VN, McCall IW. Spinal infection. Eur Radiol. 1999;9(6):1066\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E102","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000597","volume":"31","author":"K Issa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Issa K, Diebo BG, Faloon M, Naziri Q, Pourtaheri S, Paulino CB, et al. The epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis in the United States from 1998 to 2013. Clin Spine Surg Spine Publ. 2018;31(2):E102\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg Spine Publ"},{"issue":"10","key":"4558_CR4","first-page":"181","volume":"105","author":"R Sobottke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sobottke R, et al. Current diagnosis and treatment of spondylodiscitis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2008;105(10):181\u20137.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002","volume":"39","author":"E Mylona","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mylona E, et al. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009;39(1):10\u20137.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008850","volume":"136","author":"L Grammatico","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grammatico L, et al. Epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) in France: analysis of hospital-discharge data 2002\u20132003. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136(5):653\u201360.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"4558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2015211135","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-211135","volume":"2015","author":"MB Kitova-John","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kitova-John MB, Azim-Araghi A, Sheikh FT, Kitov BD. Idiopathic septic arthritis of a lumbar facet joint associated with paraspinal abscess. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015:bcr2015211135.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"4558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2008.11.004","volume":"30","author":"K Ben Abdelghani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ben Abdelghani K, G\u00e9rard-Dran D, Combe B. Septic arthritis of thoracic facet joint [in French]. Rev Med Interne. 2009;30(8):724\u20136.","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"issue":"8","key":"4558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03434-8","volume":"49","author":"M Babic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babic M, Ilaslan H, Shrestha N, Simpfendorfer CS. Isolated septic facet joints: an underdiagnosed distinct clinical entity. Skeletal Radiol. 2020;49(8):1295\u2013303.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"4558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.07.001","volume":"25","author":"A Rajeev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajeev A, Choudhry N, Shaikh M, Newby M. Lumbar facet joint septic arthritis presenting atypically as acute abdomen - a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016;25:243\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00089.x","volume":"7","author":"TN Weingarten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weingarten TN, Hooten WM, Huntoon MA. Septic facet joint arthritis after a corticosteroid facet injection. Pain Med. 2006;7(1):52\u20136.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02527-y","volume":"30","author":"B Lopes Correia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lopes Correia B, Diniz SE, Lopes da Silva E, Rodrigues-Pinto R. Septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint presenting as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a rare case requiring surgical intervention. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020;30(1):175\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"4558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.11.007","volume":"71","author":"J Yoon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoon J, Efendy J, Redmond MJ. Septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint. Case and literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;71:299\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4558_CR14","first-page":"53","volume":"9","author":"AL Gasbarrini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gasbarrini AL, Bertoldi E, Mazzetti M, et al. Clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to haematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2005;9:53\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E198","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000062006.92938.41","volume":"28","author":"M Doita","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doita M, Nishida K, Miyamoto H, Yoshiya S, Kurosaka M, Nabeshima Y. Septic arthritis of bilateral lumbar facet joints: report of a case with MRI findings in the early stage. Spine. 2003;28(10):E198\u2013202.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.09.003","volume":"35","author":"J Narv\u00e1ez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Narv\u00e1ez J, Nolla JM, Narv\u00e1ez JA, Martinez-Carnicero L, De Lama E, G\u00f3mez-Vaquero C, Murillo O, Valverde J, Ariza J. Spontaneous pyogenic facet joint infection. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006;35(5):272\u201383.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4558_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00014","volume":"26","author":"AJ Muffoletto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muffoletto AJ, Ketonen LM, Mader JT, et al. Hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infection. Spine. 2001;26:1570\u20136.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq178","volume":"104","author":"TW Corrah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corrah TW, Enoch DA, Aliyu SH, Lever AM. Bacteraemia and subsequent vertebral osteomyelitis: a retrospective review of 125 patients. QJM. 2011;104:201\u20137.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"4558_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.28423","volume":"220","author":"CY Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang CY, et al. Image-guided biopsy in acute diskitis-osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2023;220:499\u2013511.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4558_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.292085137","volume":"29","author":"SH Hong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hong SH, Choi JY, Lee JW, Kim NR, Choi JA, Kang HS. MR imaging assessment of the spine: infection or an imitation? Radiographics. 2009;29(2):599\u2013612.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2007.02.006","volume":"75","author":"C Michel-Bat\u00f4t","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michel-Bat\u00f4t C, Dintinger H, Blum A, et al. A particular form of septic arthritis: septic arthritis of facet joint. Joint Bone Spine. 2008;75(1):78\u201383.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"4558_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1384-6","volume":"36","author":"WY Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung WY, Luk KDK. Pyogenic spondylitis. Int Orthop. 2012;36:397\u2013404.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4558_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.004","volume":"145","author":"K Carpenter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carpenter K, Decater T, Iwanaga J, Maulucci CM, Bui CJ, Dumont AS, et al. Revisiting the vertebral venous plexus\u2013a comprehensive review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2021;145:381\u201395.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1442-0","volume":"36","author":"A Gerometta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gerometta A, Bittan F, Rodriguez Olaverri J. C. Postoperative spondilodiscitis. Int Orthop. 2012;36:433\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4558_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2014.01.003","volume":"24","author":"JP Mazzie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mazzie JP, Brooks MK, Gnerre J. Imaging and management of postoperative spine infection. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2014;24:365\u201374.","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"22","key":"4558_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-03988-1","volume":"29","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhang L, Bu R, Liu Y, Lewandrowski KU, Zhang X. Minimally invasive debridement and drainage using intraoperative CT-Guide in multilevel spondylodiscitis: a long-term follow-up study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;29(22):120.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"4558_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B11.16294","volume":"87","author":"S Govender","year":"2005","unstructured":"Govender S. Spinal infections. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(11):1454\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"4558_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/520212","volume":"29","author":"ME Jimenez-Mejias","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jimenez-Mejias ME, de Dios Colmenero J, Sanchez-Lora FJ, Palomino-Nicas J, Reguera JM, Garcia de la Heras J, Garcia-Ordonez MA, Pachon J. Postoperative spondylodiskitis: etiology, clinical findings, prognosis, and comparison with nonoperative pyogenic spondylodiskitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(2):339\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2004.08.004","volume":"34","author":"V Dufour","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dufour V, Feydy A, Rillardon L, Redondo A, Le Page L, Bert F, Belmatoug N, Fantin B. Comparative study of postoperative and spontaneous pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2005;34(5):766\u201371.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"4558_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.01.003","volume":"31","author":"M Babic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Babic M, Simpfendorfer CS. Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017;31(2):279\u201397.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"4558_CR31","first-page":"182","volume":"30","author":"JM Stecher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stecher JM, El-Khoury GY, Hitchon PW. Cervical facet joint septic arthritis: a case report. Iowa Orthop J. 2010;30:182\u20137.","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4558_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2013.95.8.604","volume":"95","author":"P Torrie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torrie P, Leonidou A, Harding I, Jones GW, Hutchinson M, Nelson I. Admission inflammatory markers and isolation of a causative organism in patients with spontaneous spinal infection. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2013;95(8):604\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"4558_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200205000-00005","volume":"10","author":"BKB Tay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tay BKB, Deckey J, Hu SS. Spinal infections. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10(3):188.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4558_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ482","volume":"61","author":"EF Berbari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, Darouiche RO, Widmer AF, Schmitt SK, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(6):e26-46.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.24313","volume":"217","author":"JS Husseini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Husseini JS, Habibollahi S, Nelson SB, Rosenthal DI, Chang CY. Best practices: CT-guided percutaneous sampling of vertebral discitis-osteomyelitis and technical factors maximizing biopsy yield. Am J Roentgenol. 2021;217(5):1057\u201368.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0109","volume":"186","author":"SCA Michel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michel SCA, Pfirrmann CWA, Boos N, Hodler J. CT-guided core biopsy of subchondral bone and intervertebral space in suspected spondylodiskitis. Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(4):977\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4558_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5337","volume":"38","author":"AL McNamara","year":"2017","unstructured":"McNamara AL, Dickerson EC, Gomez-Hassan DM, Cinti SK, Srinivasan A. Yield of image-guided needle biopsy for infectious discitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2017;38(10):2021\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4558_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03439-3","volume":"49","author":"JS Husseini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Husseini JS, Simeone FJ, Nelson SB, Chang CY. CT-guided discitis-osteomyelitis biopsies: needle gauge and microbiology results. Skeletal Radiol. 2020;49(9):1431\u20139.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13545","volume":"205","author":"CY Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang CY, Simeone FJ, Nelson SB, Taneja AK, Huang AJ. Is biopsying the paravertebral soft tissue as effective as biopsying the disk or vertebral endplate? 10-year retrospective review of CT-guided biopsy of diskitis-osteomyelitis. Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205(1):123\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4558_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-1014","volume":"10","author":"F Ruiz Santiago","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruiz Santiago F, L\u00e1inez Ramos-Bossini AJ, W\u00e1ng YXJ, L\u00f3pez ZD. The role of radiography in the study of spinal disorders. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2020;10(12):2322\u201355.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.04.001","volume":"50","author":"FE Diehn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diehn FE. Imaging of Spine Infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 2012;50(4):777\u201398.","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4558_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.3.3340783","volume":"166","author":"KJ Van Lom","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van Lom KJ, Kellerhouse LE, Pathria MN, Moreland SI, Brown JJ, Zlatkin M, Sartoris DJ, Chevrot A, Resnik CS, Resnick D. Infection versus tumor in the spine: criteria for distinction with CT. Radiology. 1988;166(3):851\u20135.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4558_CR43","first-page":"875","volume":"114","author":"C Herren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herren C, et al. Spondylodiscitis: diagnosis and treatment options. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int. 2017;114:875\u201382.","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int"},{"key":"4558_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-8-1-2023","volume":"8","author":"C Balcescu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balcescu C, et al. Pyogenic spinal infections warrant a total spine MRI. J Bone Jt Infect. 2023;8:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"key":"4558_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2282020752","volume":"228","author":"HP Ledermann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ledermann HP, Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB, Carrino JA. MR imaging findings in spinal infections: rules or myths? Radiology. 2003;228:506\u201314.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4558_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4571","volume":"37","author":"LN Ledbetter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ledbetter LN, Salzman KL, Shah LM. Imaging psoas sign in lumbar spinal infections: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and comparison with established imaging characteristics. Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37:736\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"4558_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1789-3","volume":"20","author":"S-W Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng S-W, et al. Are intravertebral vacuum phenomena benign lesions? Eur Spine J. 2011;20:1341\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4558_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030826","volume":"9","author":"U Schwarz-Nemec","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwarz-Nemec U, et al. Vertebral bone marrow and endplate assessment on mr imaging for the differentiation of modic type 1 endplate changes and infectious spondylodiscitis. J Clin Med. 2020;9:826.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4558_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3948","volume":"35","author":"KB Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel KB, Poplawski MM, Pawha PS, Naidich TP, Tanenbaum LN. Diffusion-weighted MRI \u201cclaw sign\u201d improves differentiation of infectious from degenerative modic type 1 signal changes of the spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35:1647\u201352.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"4558_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-018-0681-5","volume":"29","author":"RA Dumont","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dumont RA, et al. The clinical utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in spinal infection. Clin Neuroradiol. 2019;29:515\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"4558_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2006.07.003","volume":"41","author":"MM Thurnher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thurnher MM, Bammer R. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and spinal cord. Semin Roentgenol. 2006;41:294\u2013311.","journal-title":"Semin Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4558_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-200012000-00002","volume":"25","author":"C Love","year":"2000","unstructured":"Love C, Patel M, Lonner BS, Tomas MB, Palestro CJ. Diagnosing spinal osteomyelitis: a comparison of bone and Ga-67 scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 2000;25(12):963\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.11.012","volume":"19","author":"UJ Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim UJ, Bae JY, Kim SE, Kim CJ, Kang SJ, Jang HC, et al. Comparison of pyogenic postoperative and native vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine J. 2019;19(5):880\u20137.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000336","volume":"39","author":"ML Prodromou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prodromou ML, Ziakas PD, Poulou LS, Karsaliakos P, Thanos L, Mylonakis E. FDG PET is a robust tool for the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis: a meta-analysis of diagnostic data. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39(4):330\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.5.1791151","volume":"179","author":"KDM Stumpe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stumpe KDM, Zanetti M, Weishaupt D, Hodler J, Boos N, Von Schulthess GK. FDG positron emission tomography for differentiation of degenerative and infectious endplate abnormalities in the lumbar spine detected on MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179(5):1151\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-001-0719-8","volume":"29","author":"S Gratz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gratz S, D\u00f6rner J, Fischer U, Behr T, B\u00e9h\u00e9 M, Altenvoerde G, et al. 18F-FDG hybrid PET in patients with suspected spondylitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29(4):516\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"4558_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e328365abec","volume":"34","author":"S Hungenbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hungenbach S, Delank KS, Dietlein M, Eysel P, Drzezga A, Schmidt MC. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake pattern in patients with suspected spondylodiscitis. Nucl Med Commun. 2013;34(11):1068\u201374.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR58","first-page":"6939","volume":"28","author":"TJ Kowalski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kowalski TJ, Layton KF, Berbari EF, Steckelberg JM, Huddleston PM, Wald JT, et al. Follow-up MR imaging in patients with pyogenic spine infections: lack of correlation with clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28(4):6939.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06603-z","volume":"30","author":"FJ Simeone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simeone FJ, Husseini JS, Yeh KJ, Lozano-Calderon S, Nelson SB, Chang CY. MRI and clinical features of acute fungal discitis\/osteomyelitis. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(4):2253\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4_suppl","key":"4558_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217745512","volume":"8","author":"J Dowdell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dowdell J, Brochin R, Kim J, Overley S, Oren J, Freedman B, et al. Postoperative spine infection: diagnosis and management. Glob Spine J. 2018;8(4_suppl):37S-43S.","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4558_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2014.01.003","volume":"24","author":"JP Mazzie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mazzie JP, Brooks MK, Gnerre J. Imaging and management of postoperative spine infection. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2014;24(2):365\u201374.","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"4558_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000727","volume":"11","author":"V Jevtic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jevtic V. Magnetic resonance imaging appearances of different discovertebral lesions. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(7):1123\u201335.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4558_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2016.17.5.565","volume":"17","author":"JA Yeom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yeom JA, Lee IS, Suh HB, Song YS, Song JW. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of early spondylodiscitis: interpretive challenges and atypical findings. Korean J Radiol. 2016;17(5):565\u201380.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4558_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150121","volume":"36","author":"LN Ledbetter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ledbetter LN, Salzman KL, Sanders RK, Shah LM. Spinal neuroarthropathy: pathophysiology, clinical and imaging features, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 2016;36(3):783\u201399.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4558_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.11.4.1887114","volume":"11","author":"DA Bluemke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bluemke DA, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Zinreich ES. Complications of radiation therapy: CT evaluation. Radiographics. 1991;11(4):581\u2013600.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.14.1.8128043","volume":"14","author":"DA Bluemke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bluemke DA, Fishman EK, Scott WW Jr. Skeletal complications of radiation therapy. Radiographics. 1994;14(1):111\u201321.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4558_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-023-04338-z","volume":"52","author":"G Vijayakumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vijayakumar G, Jones CM, Supple S, Meyer J, Blank AT. Radiation osteitis: incidence and clinical impact in the setting of radiation treatment for soft tissue sarcoma. Skeletal Radiol. 2023;52:1747.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4558_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4736","volume":"37","author":"AM McGauvran","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGauvran AM, Kotsenas AL, Diehn FE, Wald JT, Carr CM, Morris JM. SAPHO syndrome: imaging findings of vertebral involvement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37(8):1567\u201372.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4558_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2423051222","volume":"242","author":"JD Laredo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laredo JD, Vuillemin-Bodaghi V, Boutry N, Cotten A, Parlier-Cuau C. SAPHO syndrome: MR appearance of vertebral involvement. Radiology. 2007;242(3):825\u201331.","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-023-04558-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-023-04558-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-023-04558-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T23:37:01Z","timestamp":1725406621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-023-04558-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-023-04558-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}