{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:17:27Z","timestamp":1787995047250,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-024-04663-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T01:01:31Z","timestamp":1712365291000},"page":"2321-2332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Radiologic evaluation of ankle fracture malunions of the fibula"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sam Si-Hyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Naraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Linda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"4663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","volume":"37","author":"C Court-Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Court-Brown C, Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury. 2006;37(8):691\u20137.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"4663_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718795630","volume":"39","author":"A Egger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egger A, Berkowitz M. Operative treatment of the malunited fibula fracture. Foot Ankle Int. 2018;39(10):1242\u201352.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4663_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2016.11.002","volume":"24","author":"R Elsoe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elsoe R, Ostgaard S, Larsen P. Population-based epidemiology of 9767 ankle fractures. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;24(1):34\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4663_CR4","first-page":"563","volume":"86","author":"C Cammas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cammas C, Ancion A, Detrembleur C, Tribak K, Putineanu D, Cornu O. Frequency and risk factors of complications after surgical treatment of ankle fractures\u202f: a retrospective study of 433 patients. Acta Orthop Belg. 2020;86(3):563\u201374.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4663_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199712000-00006","volume":"79","author":"D Thordarson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thordarson D, Motamed S, Hedman T, Ebramzadeh E, Bakshian S. The effect of fibular malreduction on contact pressures in an ankle fracture malunion model. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79(12):1809\u201315.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4663_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayala A, Khwaja A, Goodison B, Smith S, Kim S, Irwin J, et al. Effect of fibular malrotation on tibiotalar joint contact mechanics in a Weber B ankle fracture model. Foot Ankle Spec. 2022;0(0).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19386400221127835.","DOI":"10.1177\/19386400221127835"},{"key":"4663_CR7","first-page":"44","volume":"25","author":"CL Saltzman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saltzman CL, Salamon ML, Blanchard GM, et al. Epidemiology of ankle arthritis: report of a consecutive series of 639 patients from a tertiary orthopaedic center. Iowa Orthop J. 2005;25:44\u20136.","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"7","key":"4663_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31822a526a","volume":"26","author":"H Sagi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sagi H, Shah A, Sanders R. The functional consequence of syndesmotic joint malreduction at a minimum 2-year follow-up. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(7):439\u201343.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4663_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2168-y","volume":"38","author":"M Ovaska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ovaska M, M\u00e4kinen T, Madanat R, Kiljunen V, Lindahl J. A comprehensive analysis of patients with malreduced ankle fractures undergoing re-operation. Int Orthop. 2014;38(1):83\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"4663_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197604000-00014","volume":"16","author":"J Sarkisian","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sarkisian J, Cody G. Closed treatment of ankle fractures: a new criterion for evaluation - a review of 250 case. J Trauma. 1976;16(4):323\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"4663_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078901000210","volume":"10","author":"B Rolfe","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rolfe B, Nordt W, Sallis J, Distefano M. Assessing fibular length using bimalleolar angular measurements. Foot Ankle. 1989;10(2):104\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"6","key":"4663_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701800602","volume":"18","author":"M Brage","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brage M, Bennett C, Whitehurst J, Getty P, Toledano A. Observer reliability in ankle radiographic measurements. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(6):324\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4663_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2018.10.011","volume":"25","author":"A Pitakveerakul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pitakveerakul A, Kungwan S, Arunakul P, Arunakul M. Radiographic parameters in gravity stress view of the ankle: normative data. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25(6):819\u201325.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4663_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.154.5.2108536","volume":"154","author":"D Magid","year":"1990","unstructured":"Magid D, Michelson JD, Ney DR, Fishman EK. Adult ankle fractures: comparison of plain films and interactive two- and three-dimensional CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;154(5):1017\u201323.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4663_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.08.013","volume":"57","author":"V Panchbhavi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panchbhavi V, Gurbani B, Mason C, Fischer W. Radiographic Assessment of Fibular Length Variance: The Case for \u201cFibula Minus.\u201d J Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;57(1):91\u20134.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4663_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200904000-00003","volume":"17","author":"A Chu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chu A, Weiner L. Distal fibula malunions. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17(4):220\u201330.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4663_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400707","volume":"24","author":"C Tang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tang C, Roidis N, Vaishnav S, Patel A, Thordarson D. Position of the distal fibular fragment in pronation and supination ankle fractures: a CT evaluation. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24(7):561\u20136.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4663_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0616","volume":"32","author":"M Marmor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marmor M, Hansen E, Han H, Buckley J, Matityahu A. Limitations of standard fluoroscopy in detecting rotational malreduction of the syndesmosis in an ankle fracture model. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(6):616\u201322.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"4663_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0870","volume":"33","author":"A Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah A, Kadakia A, Tan G, Karadsheh M, Wolter T, Sabb B. Radiographic evaluation of the normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33(10):870\u20136.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"4663_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400805","volume":"14","author":"M Harper","year":"1993","unstructured":"Harper M. An anatomic and radiographic investigation of the tibiofibular clear space. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(8):455\u20138.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"4663_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000161090.86162.19","volume":"436","author":"JH Nielson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nielson JH, Gardner MJ, Peterson MG, Sallis JG, Potter HG, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. Radiographic measurements do not predict syndesmotic injury in ankle fractures: an MRI study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;436:216\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4663_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1284-2","volume":"41","author":"JJ Hermans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hermans JJ, Wentink N, Beumer A, Hop WC, Heijboer MP, Moonen AF, Ginai AZ. Correlation between radiological assessment of acute ankle fractures and syndesmotic injury on MRI. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41(7):787\u2013801.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4663_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B3.13174","volume":"85","author":"M Takao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takao M, Ochi M, Oae K, Naito K, Uchio Y. Diagnosis of a tear of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. The role of arthroscopy of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(3):324\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"12","key":"4663_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31828f89a9","volume":"27","author":"M Marmor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marmor M, Kandemir U, Matityahu A, Jergesen H, McClellan T, Morshed S. A method for detection of lateral malleolar malrotation using conventional fluoroscopy. J Orthop Trauma. 2013;27(12):e281-284.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"4663_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.07.006","volume":"50","author":"S Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang S, Li H, Hu S, Du S, Zhang L, Xiong W. A reliable method for intraoperative detection of lateral malleolar malrotation using conventional fluoroscopy. Injury. 2019;50(11):2108\u201312.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4663_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-12-131","volume":"12","author":"C Kuo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuo C, Lu H, Lu T, Lin C, Leardini A, Kuo M, et al. Effects of positioning on radiographic measurements of ankle morphology: a computerized tomography-based simulation study. Biomed Eng Online. 2013;12:131.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"4663_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12626","volume":"203","author":"A Ha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ha A, Porrino J, Chew F. Radiographic pitfalls in lower extremity trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203(3):492\u2013500.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4663_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.019","volume":"42","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay S, Metcalfe A, Guha A, Mohanty K, Hemmadi S, Lyons K, et al. Malreduction of syndesmosis\u2013are we considering the anatomical variation? Injury. 2011;42(10):1073\u20136.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"12","key":"4663_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00209","volume":"6","author":"S Rammelt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rammelt S, Boszczyk A. Computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of ankle fractures: a critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2018;6(12): e7.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"4663_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04223-1","volume":"52","author":"S Brinch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brinch S, Wellenberg R, Boesen M, Maas M, Johannsen F, Nybing J, et al. Weight-bearing cone-beam CT: the need for standardised acquisition protocols and measurements to fulfill high expectations-a review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol. 2023;52(6):1073\u201388.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1S","key":"4663_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.102772","volume":"107","author":"F Lintz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lintz F, Beaudet P, Richardi G, Brilhault J. Weight-bearing CT in foot and ankle pathology. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2021;107(1S):102772.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"4663_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e595","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00700","volume":"28","author":"M Conti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conti M, Ellis S. Weight-bearing CT scans in foot and ankle surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(14):e595\u2013603.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4663_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2016.02.005","volume":"23","author":"C Prior","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prior C, Widnall J, Rehman A, Weller D, Wood E. A simplified, validated protocol for measuring fibular reduction on ankle CT. Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;23(1):53\u20136.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4663_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-018-1727-5","volume":"13","author":"A Burssens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burssens A, Peeters J, Peiffer M, Marien R, Lenaerts T, WBCT ISG, et al. Reliability and correlation analysis of computed methods to convert conventional 2D radiological hindfoot measurements to a 3D setting using weightbearing CT. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2018;13(12):1999\u20132008.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4663_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701219","volume":"27","author":"A Vasarhelyi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vasarhelyi A, Lubitz J, Gierer P, Gradl G, R\u00f6sler K, Hopfenm\u00fcller W, et al. Detection of fibular torsional deformities after surgery for ankle fractures with a novel CT method. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27(12):1115\u201321.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"4663_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318284785a","volume":"27","author":"M Nault","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nault M, H\u00e9bert-Davies J, Laflamme G, Leduc S. CT scan assessment of the syndesmosis: a new reproducible method. J Orthop Trauma. 2013;27(11):638\u201341.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"4663_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182535f30","volume":"26","author":"G Dikos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dikos G, Heisler J, Choplin R, Weber T. Normal tibiofibular relationships at the syndesmosis on axial CT imaging. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(7):433\u20138.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"4663_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713489286","volume":"34","author":"S Knops","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knops S, Kohn M, Hansen E, Matityahu A, Marmor M. Rotational malreduction of the syndesmosis: reliability and accuracy of computed tomography measurement methods. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(10):1403\u201310.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"4663_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6638-3","volume-title":"Chirurgie des Fusses","author":"H Zwipp","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zwipp H. Chirurgie des Fusses. Wien: Springer-Verlag; 1994."},{"issue":"1","key":"4663_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B1.BJJ-2020-0844.R1","volume":"103-B","author":"J Kubik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubik J, Rollick N, Bear J, Diamond O, Nguyen J, Kleeblad L, et al. Assessment of malreduction standards for the syndesmosis in bilateral CT scans of uninjured ankles. Bone Joint J. 2021;103-B(1):178\u201383.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-024-04663-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-024-04663-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-024-04663-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T19:01:56Z","timestamp":1726686116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-024-04663-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-024-04663-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}