{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:51Z","timestamp":1772160471893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-04910-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T23:56:18Z","timestamp":1743638178000},"page":"2357-2371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging evaluation of rheumatologic musculoskeletal disorders in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Atsuhiko","family":"Handa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia B.","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Williams-Weekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4910_CR1","unstructured":"Handa A, Bixby S, Chauvin AN. Chapter 10: Imaging in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology, 9th edn. Elsevier [In Press]."},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2481071451","volume":"248","author":"FA Mettler Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mettler FA Jr, Huda W, Yoshizumi TT, Mahesh M. Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: a catalog. Radiology. 2008;248(1):254\u201363.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"4910_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21644","volume":"64","author":"P Collado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Collado P, Jousse-Joulin S, Alcalde M, Naredo E, D\u2019Agostino MA. Is ultrasound a validated imaging tool for the diagnosis and management of synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis? A systematic literature review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(7):1011\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4910_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3934-6","volume":"47","author":"NA Chauvin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chauvin NA, Doria AS. Ultrasound imaging of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2017;47(9):1160\u201370.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0096-2","volume":"14","author":"S Magni-Manzoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magni-Manzoni S. Ultrasound in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016;14(1):33.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.335125178","volume":"33","author":"EF Sheybani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sheybani EF, Khanna G, White AJ, Demertzis JL. Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multimodality approach. Radiographics. 2013;33(5):1253\u201373.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15079","volume":"39","author":"D Alis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alis D, Erol BC, Akbas S, Barut K, Kasapcopur O, Adaletli I. Superb microvascular imaging compared with power Doppler ultrasound in assessing synovitis of the knee in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a preliminary study. J Ultrasound Med. 2020;39(1):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000516","volume":"37","author":"SG Kandemirli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kandemirli SG, Cicek F, ErdemliGursel B, Bilgin C, Kilic SS, Yazici Z. Superb microvascular imaging in assessment of synovitis and tenosynovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ultrasound Q. 2021;37(1):56\u201362.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.07.002","volume":"42","author":"NA Chauvin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chauvin NA, Khwaja A. Imaging of inflammatory arthritis in children: status and perspectives on the use of ultrasound, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(4):587\u2013606.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4910_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190104","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2019190104","volume":"1","author":"RE Lenkinski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lenkinski RE. Gadolinium deposition and retention in the brain: should we be concerned? Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging. 2019;1(3):e190104.","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"4910_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2770-9","volume":"23","author":"R Hemke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg JM, van Veenendaal M, Dolman KM, van Rossum MA, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MRI in the assessment of joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol. 2013;23(7):1998\u20132004.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"4910_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daldrup-Link HE, Steinbach L. MR imaging of pediatric arthritis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009;17(3):451\u201367, vi.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2009.03.002"},{"issue":"11","key":"4910_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4876-y","volume":"27","author":"AM Barendregt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barendregt AM, van Gulik EC, Lavini C, Nusman CM, van den Berg JM, Schonenberg-Meinema D, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging for assessment of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a promising imaging biomarker as an alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(11):4889\u201399.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09292-3","volume":"33","author":"VD Vo Chieu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vo Chieu VD, Vo Chieu V, Dressler F, Kornemann N, Pfeil A, Bottcher J, et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the knee: is contrast needed to score disease activity when using an augmented MRI protocol comprising PD-weighted sequences? Eur Radiol. 2023;33(5):3775\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05804-5","volume":"54","author":"KS Milks","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milks KS, Singh J, Benedict JA, Rees MA. Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequence with fat suppression as an alternative to contrast-enhanced MRI in pediatric synovitis. Pediatr Radiol. 2023;54(1):96\u2013104.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-024-05929-1","volume":"54","author":"A Handa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Handa A, Bedoya MA, Iwasaka-Neder J, Johnston PR, Lo MS, Bixby SD. Measuring synovial thickness on knee MRI in pediatric patients with arthritis: is contrast necessary? Pediatr Radiol. 2024;54(6):988\u20131000.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.4019","volume":"195","author":"HK Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim HK, Laor T, Graham TB, Anton CG, Salisbury SR, Racadio JM, et al. T2 relaxation time changes in distal femoral articular cartilage in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a 3-year longitudinal study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(4):1021\u20135.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W602","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7189","volume":"198","author":"B Karmazyn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karmazyn B, Lin C, Persohn SA, Buckwalter KA. Feasibility of mapping T2 relaxation time in the pediatric metacarpal head with a 3-T MRI system. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;198(6):W602\u20134.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4910_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.09.006","volume":"22","author":"DW Workie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Workie DW, Dardzinski BJ, Graham TB, Laor T, Bommer WA, O\u2019Brien KJ. Quantification of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the knee in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis based on pharmacokinetic modeling. Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;22(9):1201\u201310.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"4910_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20597","volume":"54","author":"DW Workie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Workie DW, Dardzinski BJ. Quantifying dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the knee in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis using an arterial input function (AIF) extracted from popliteal artery enhancement, and the effect of the choice of the AIF on the kinetic parameters. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54(3):560\u20138.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep343","volume":"49","author":"C Malattia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malattia C, Damasio MB, Basso C, Verri A, Magnaguagno F, Viola S, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(1):178\u201385.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"7","key":"4910_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3168-z","volume":"24","author":"R Hemke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hemke R, Lavini C, Nusman CM, van den Berg JM, Dolman KM, Schonenberg-Meinema D, et al. Pixel-by-pixel analysis of DCE-MRI curve shape patterns in knees of active and inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Eur Radiol. 2014;24(7):1686\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.07.017","volume":"51","author":"J Panwar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panwar J, Tolend M, Redd B, Srinivasalu H, Colbert RA, Akikusa J, et al. Consensus-driven conceptual development of a standardized whole body-MRI scoring system for assessment of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: MRI in JIA OMERACT working group. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021;51(6):1350\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"4910_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05616-7","volume":"53","author":"EJ Inarejos Clemente","year":"2023","unstructured":"Inarejos Clemente EJ, Tolend M, Navallas M, Doria AS, Meyers AB. MRI of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: protocol and findings. Pediatr Radiol. 2023;53(8):1498\u2013512.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4910_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.09.003","volume":"70","author":"N Herregods","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herregods N, Dehoorne J, Joos R, Jaremko JL, Baraliakos X, Leus A, et al. Diagnostic value of MRI features of sacroiliitis in juvenile spondyloarthritis. Clin Radiol. 2015;70(12):1428\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4910_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2211-8","volume":"44","author":"N Herregods","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herregods N, Jaremko JL, Baraliakos X, Dehoorne J, Leus A, Verstraete K, et al. Limited role of gadolinium to detect active sacroiliitis on MRI in juvenile spondyloarthritis. Skeletal Radiol. 2015;44(11):1637\u201346.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4910_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39159","volume":"67","author":"PF Weiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weiss PF, Xiao R, Biko DM, Johnson AM, Chauvin NA. Detection of inflammatory sacroiliitis in children with magnetic resonance imaging: is gadolinium contrast enhancement necessary? Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(8):2250\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.294085244","volume":"29","author":"G Khanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khanna G, Sato TS, Ferguson P. Imaging of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Radiographics. 2009;29(4):1159\u201377.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"7","key":"4910_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-022-05478-5","volume":"53","author":"MS Kraus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kraus MS, Yousef AA, Cote SL, Greer MC. Improving protocols for whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: oncological and inflammatory applications. Pediatr Radiol. 2023;53(7):1420\u201342.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4910_CR30","first-page":"390","volume":"31","author":"RE Petty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(2):390\u20132.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9783","key":"4910_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60244-4","volume":"377","author":"B Prakken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Prakken B, Albani S, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2011;377(9783):2138\u201349.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05815-2","volume":"54","author":"M Tarsia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarsia M, Zajc Avramovic M, Gazikalovic A, Kljucevsek D, Avcin T. A clinical perspective on imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2024;54(4):490\u2013504.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4910_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0406-0","volume":"6","author":"LS Ording Muller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ording Muller LS, Humphries P, Rosendahl K. The joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Insights Imaging. 2015;6(3):275\u201384.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"4910_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0199-x","volume":"36","author":"K Johnson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson K. Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2006;36(8):743\u201358.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1612-z","volume":"40","author":"MB Damasio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Damasio MB, Malattia C, Martini A, Toma P. Synovial and inflammatory diseases in childhood: role of new imaging modalities in the assessment of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40(6):985\u201398.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05742-2","volume":"54","author":"D Kljucevsek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kljucevsek D, Potocnik Tumpaj V, Gazikalovic A. The role of radiography in diagnosing, monitoring and prognosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2024;54(4):481\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4910_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2354-x","volume":"42","author":"DM Avenarius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Avenarius DM, Ording Muller LS, Eldevik P, Owens CM, Rosendahl K. The paediatric wrist revisited\u2013findings of bony depressions in healthy children on radiographs compared to MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 2012;42(7):791\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4910_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5304-7","volume":"28","author":"P Marteau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marteau P, Adamsbaum C, Rossi-Semerano L, De Bandt M, Lemelle I, Deslandre C, et al. Conventional radiography in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: joint recommendations from the French societies for rheumatology, radiology and paediatric rheumatology. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(9):3963\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22410","volume":"67","author":"J Roth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roth J, Jousse-Joulin S, Magni-Manzoni S, Rodriguez A, Tzaribachev N, Iagnocco A, et al. Definitions for the sonographic features of joints in healthy children. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(1):136\u201342.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4910_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100101","volume":"37","author":"AH Spannow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spannow AH, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Andersen NT, Herlin T, Stenbog E. Ultrasonographic measurements of joint cartilage thickness in healthy children: age- and sex-related standard reference values. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(12):2595\u2013601.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4910_CR41","first-page":"S110","volume":"32","author":"AH Spannow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spannow AH, Stenboeg E, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Fiirgaard B, Haislund M, Ostergaard M, et al. Ultrasound and MRI measurements of joint cartilage in healthy children: a validation study. Ultraschall Med. 2011;32(Suppl 1):S110\u20136.","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4910_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa804","volume":"60","author":"L Rossi-Semerano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossi-Semerano L, Breton S, Semerano L, Boubaya M, Ohanyan H, Bossert M, et al. Application of the OMERACT synovitis ultrasound scoring system in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multicenter reliability exercise. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(8):3579\u201387.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4910_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25159","volume":"75","author":"P Collado","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collado P, Martire MV, Lanni S, De Lucia O, Balint P, Guillaume-Czitrom S, et al. OMERACT International Consensus for ultrasound definitions of tenosynovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: systematic literature review and Delphi process. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023;75(11):2277\u201384.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-017-0208-7","volume":"15","author":"ESVB Miotto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miotto ESVB, Mitraud SAV, Furtado RNV, Natour J, Len CA, Terreri M. Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in clinical remission with positive power Doppler signal in joint ultrasonography have an increased rate of clinical flare: a prospective study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2017;15(1):80.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564696","volume":"19","author":"I Sudol-Szopinska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudol-Szopinska I, Jurik AG, Eshed I, Lennart J, Grainger A, Ostergaard M, et al. Recommendations of the ESSR Arthritis Subcommittee for the use of magnetic resonance imaging in musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2015;19(4):396\u2013411.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4910_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8","volume":"30","author":"R Hemke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hemke R, Herregods N, Jaremko JL, Astrom G, Avenarius D, Becce F, et al. Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ESSR-ESPR points to consider. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(10):5237\u201349.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2684-y","volume":"23","author":"R Hemke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hemke R, van Rossum MA, van Veenendaal M, Terra MP, Deurloo EE, de Jonge MC, et al. Reliability and responsiveness of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for the knee. Eur Radiol. 2013;23(4):1075\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23340","volume":"70","author":"MA Tolend","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tolend MA, Twilt M, Cron RQ, Tzaribachev N, Guleria S, von Kalle T, et al. Toward establishing a standardized magnetic resonance imaging scoring system for temporomandibular joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018;70(5):758\u201367.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4910_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181115","volume":"46","author":"TM Otobo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Otobo TM, Conaghan PG, Maksymowych WP, van der Heijde D, Weiss P, Sudol-Szopinska I, et al. Preliminary definitions for sacroiliac joint pathologies in the OMERACT juvenile idiopathic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (OMERACT JAMRIS-SIJ). J Rheumatol. 2019;46(9):1192\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"4910_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-015-0056-2","volume":"13","author":"H Keller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keller H, Muller LM, Markic G, Schraner T, Kellenberger CJ, Saurenmann RK. Is early TMJ involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinically detectable? Clinical examination of the TMJ in comparison with contrast enhanced MRI in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2015;13:56.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4910_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4000-0","volume":"48","author":"CJ Kellenberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kellenberger CJ, Junhasavasdikul T, Tolend M, Doria AS. Temporomandibular joint atlas for detection and grading of juvenile idiopathic arthritis involvement by magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 2018;48(3):411\u201326.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4910_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-9","volume":"12","author":"T Hospach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hospach T, Maier J, Muller-Abt P, Patel A, Horneff G, von Kalle T. Cervical spine involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - MRI follow-up study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2014;12:9.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4910_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22665","volume":"68","author":"PF Weiss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiss PF, Xiao R, Biko DM, Chauvin NA. Assessment of sacroiliitis at diagnosis of juvenile spondyloarthritis by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical examination. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016;68(2):187\u201394.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.20708","volume":"212","author":"NA Chauvin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chauvin NA, Xiao R, Brandon TG, Biko DM, Francavilla M, Khrichenko D, et al. MRI of the sacroiliac joint in healthy children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019;212(6):1303\u20139.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.04.003","volume":"65","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Ferguson PJ. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2018;65(4):783\u2013800.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"4910_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2021.06.005","volume":"47","author":"F Nuruzzaman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nuruzzaman F, Zhao Y, Ferguson PJ. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: insights into pathogenesis, assessment, and treatment. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2021;47(4):691\u2013705.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000888","volume":"34","author":"S Yasin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yasin S, Sato TS, Ferguson P. Not all benign: disease course, complications, and sequalae of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2022;34(5):255\u201361.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04510-5","volume":"50","author":"TS Sato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sato TS, Watal P, Ferguson PJ. Imaging mimics of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: avoiding pitfalls in a diagnosis of exclusion. Pediatr Radiol. 2020;50(1):124\u201336.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4910_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04827-6","volume":"51","author":"P d\u2019Angelo","year":"2021","unstructured":"d\u2019Angelo P, de Horatio LT, Toma P, Ording Muller LS, Avenarius D, von Brandis E, et al. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis - clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. Pediatr Radiol. 2021;51(2):282\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4910_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05688-5","volume":"53","author":"A Guariento","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guariento A, Sharma P, Andronikou S. MRI features of spinal chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis\/chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2023;53(10):2092\u2013103.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"4910_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.7212","volume":"196","author":"RS Iyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iyer RS, Thapa MM, Chew FS. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196(6 Suppl):S87-91.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2501071322","volume":"250","author":"T Laor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laor T, Jaramillo D. MR imaging insights into skeletal maturation: what is normal? Radiology. 2009;250(1):28\u201338.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"4910_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-024-05896-7","volume":"54","author":"SM Booth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Booth SM, Kapadia TH, Tang V, Maniyar AF. Pictorial review: challenges in distinguishing bilateral metaphyseal marrow abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 2024;54(8):1247\u201360.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4586-x","volume":"27","author":"AP Arnoldi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arnoldi AP, Schlett CL, Douis H, Geyer LL, Voit AM, Bleisteiner F, et al. Whole-body MRI in patients with non-bacterial osteitis: radiological findings and correlation with clinical data. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(6):2391\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4910_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141138","volume":"42","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Chauvin NA, Jaramillo D, Burnham JM. Aggressive therapy reduces disease activity without skeletal damage progression in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(7):1245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190186","volume":"47","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Sato TS, Nielsen SM, Beer M, Huang M, Iyer RS, et al. Development of a scoring tool for chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of its interrater reliability. J Rheumatol. 2020;47(5):739\u201347.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00620-3","volume":"19","author":"M Capponi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Capponi M, Pires Marafon D, Rivosecchi F, Zhao Y, Pardeo M, Messia V, et al. Assessment of disease activity using a whole-body MRI derived radiological activity index in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2021;19(1):123.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"4910_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.12.030","volume":"60","author":"H Nistala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nistala H, Makitie O, Juppner H. Caffey disease: new perspectives on old questions. Bone. 2014;60:246\u201351.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22760","volume":"115","author":"RC Gensure","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gensure RC, Makitie O, Barclay C, Chan C, Depalma SR, Bastepe M, et al. A novel COL1A1 mutation in infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease) expands the spectrum of collagen-related disorders. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(5):1250\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012117","volume":"24","author":"DG Sanders","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sanders DG, Weijers RE. MRI findings in Caffey\u2019s disease. Pediatr Radiol. 1994;24(5):325\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4910_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00967-9","volume":"19","author":"C Papadopoulou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Papadopoulou C, Chew C, Wilkinson MGL, McCann L, Wedderburn LR. Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myositis: an update on pathophysiology and clinical care. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023;19(6):343\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu289","volume":"54","author":"A Meyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meyer A, Meyer N, Schaeffer M, Gottenberg JE, Geny B, Sibilia J. Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory myopathies: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(1):50\u201363.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4910_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.2.8333378","volume":"161","author":"RJ Hernandez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hernandez RJ, Sullivan DB, Chenevert TL, Keim DR. MR imaging in children with dermatomyositis: musculoskeletal findings and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;161(2):359\u201366.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4910_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1511026","volume":"29","author":"N Sakurai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakurai N, Hino-Shishikura A, Nozawa T, Kamide H, Ohara A, Nishimura K, et al. Clinical significance of subcutaneous fat and fascial involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis. Mod Rheumatol. 2019;29(5):808\u201313.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4910_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s40674-020-00168-5","volume":"7","author":"LM Pachman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pachman LM, Nolan BE, DeRanieri D, Khojah AM. Juvenile dermatomyositis: new clues to diagnosis and therapy. Curr Treatm Opt Rheumatol. 2021;7(1):39\u201362.","journal-title":"Curr Treatm Opt Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-025-04910-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-025-04910-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-025-04910-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:03:55Z","timestamp":1758708235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-025-04910-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-025-04910-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}