{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:04:12Z","timestamp":1793203452203,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-05104-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T04:12:49Z","timestamp":1766981569000},"page":"723-733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based synthetic CT compared to conventional CT in spinal and sacroiliac disorders: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1186-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Elhaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Koozari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadhossein","family":"Mozafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5104_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199607000-00003","volume":"8","author":"J Braun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Braun J, Sieper J. The sacroiliac joint in the spondyloarthropathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1996;8(4):275\u201387.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5104_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050107","volume":"7","author":"R Galm","year":"1998","unstructured":"Galm R, Fr\u00f6hling M, Rittmeister M, Schmitt E. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with imaging-proven lumbar disc herniation. Eur Spine J. 1998;7(6):450\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5104_CR3","first-page":"E357","volume":"24","author":"Z Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Z, Li G, Deng W, Liu M, Li T. Lumbar disc herniation is a nonnegligible factor for the degeneration of sacroiliac joints. Pain Physician. 2021;24(3):E357.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"5104_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3200-6","volume":"35","author":"G Slobodin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slobodin G, Rimar D, Boulman N, Kaly L, Rozenbaum M, Rosner I, et al. Acute sacroiliitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(4):851\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5104_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050033","volume":"255","author":"H Korkmaz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Korkmaz H, Cerezci N, Akmansu H, Dursun E. A comparison of spiral and conventional computerized tomography methods in diagnosing various laryngeal lesions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1998;255(3):149\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"5104_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carmignato S. Accuracy of industrial computed tomography measurements: experimental results from an international comparison. CIRP annals. 2012. 61(1):491\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cirp.2012.03.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2012.03.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"5104_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-008-0601-x","volume":"38","author":"H Ito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ito H, Matsuno T, Hirayama T, Tanino H, Yamanaka Y, Minami A. Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of non-osteoarthritic adult acetabular dysplasia. Skeletal Radiol. 2009;38(2):131\u20139.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5104_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2003.11.012","volume":"1","author":"DP Frush","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frush DP, Applegate K. Computed tomography and radiation: understanding the issues. J Am Coll Radiol. 2004;1(2):113\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5104_CR9","first-page":"135","volume":"120","author":"D Bos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bos D, Guberina N, Zensen S, Opitz M, Forsting M, Wetter A. Radiation exposure in computed tomography. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2023;120(9):135.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"5104_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brody AS, Frush DP, Huda W, Brent RL, Radiology So. Radiation risk to children from computed tomography. Pediatrics. 2007;120(3):677\u201382.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1910"},{"issue":"35 suppl","key":"5104_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00248202","volume":"19","author":"N M\u00fcller","year":"2002","unstructured":"M\u00fcller N. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: past, present and future. Eur Respir J. 2002;19(35 suppl):3s\u201312s.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"5104_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Geuns R-JM, Wielopolski PA, de Bruin HG, Rensing BJ, Van Ooijen PM, Hulshoff M, et al. Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 1999;42(2):149\u201356.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(99)70014-9"},{"issue":"8","key":"5104_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab0b66","volume":"64","author":"Y Lei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lei Y, Harms J, Wang T, Tian S, Zhou J, Shu H-K, et al. MRI-based synthetic CT generation using semantic random forest with iterative refinement. Phys Med Biol. 2019;64(8):085001.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"5104_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei Y, Wang T, Liu Y, Higgins K, Tian S,\u00a0Liu, T., ... & Yang, X.\u00a0MRI-based synthetic CT generation using deep convolutional neural network. In Medical Imaging 2019: Image Processing 2019 Mar (Vol. 10949, pp. 716-721). SPIE.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2512549"},{"key":"5104_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109999","volume":"144","author":"L Morb\u00e9e","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morb\u00e9e L, Chen M, Herregods N, Pullens P, Jans LB. MRI-based synthetic CT of the lumbar spine: geometric measurements for surgery planning in comparison with CT. Eur J Radiol. 2021;144:109999.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000916","volume":"58","author":"AF Lombardi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lombardi AF, Ma Y-J, Jang H, Jerban S, Du J, Chang EY, et al. Synthetic CT in musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review. Invest Radiol. 2023;58(1):43\u201359.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5104_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201537","volume":"298","author":"LB Jans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jans LB, Chen M, Elewaut D, Van den Bosch F, Carron P, Jacques P, et al. MRI-based synthetic CT in the detection of structural lesions in patients with suspected sacroiliitis: comparison with MRI. Radiology. 2021;298(2):343\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181fe7999","volume":"22","author":"B Takkouche","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takkouche B, Norman G. PRISMA statement. Epidemiology. 2011;22(1):128.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"5104_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.103194","volume":"56","author":"M Schiavenato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schiavenato M, Chu F. PICO: what it is and what it is not. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021;56:103194.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"5104_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2023.1803","volume":"111","author":"T Gotschall","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gotschall T. Resource review: Endnote 21 desktop version. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023;111(4):852.","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"5104_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2020.07.003","volume":"67","author":"CX Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie CX, Machado GC. Clinimetrics: grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). J Physiother. 2021;67(1):66.","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05399-x","volume":"15","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Wang W, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang M. Evaluation of MRI-based synthetic CT for lumbar degenerative disease: a comparison with CT. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):20548.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851231169173","volume":"65","author":"G Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao G, Li Y, Wu S, Li W, Long J, Xie Y, et al. Clinical feasibility of MRI-based synthetic CT imaging in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation: a comparative study. Acta Radiol. 2024;65(1):41\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5104_CR25","first-page":"2459","volume":"53","author":"S Krabbe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krabbe S, M\u00f8ller JM, Hadsbjerg AE, Ewald A, Hangaard S, Pedersen SJ, et al. Detection of structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints in patients with spondyloarthritis: a comparison of T1-weighted 3D spoiled gradient echo MRI and MRI-based synthetic CT versus T1-weighted turbo spin echo MRI. Skeletal Radiol. 2024;53(11):2459\u201368.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5104_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225444","volume":"83","author":"ST Willesen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Willesen ST, Hadsbjerg AE, M\u00f8ller JM, Vladimirova N, Vora BM, Seven S, et al. MRI-based synthetic CT: a new method for structural damage assessment in the spine in patients with axial spondyloarthritis\u2013a comparison with low-dose CT and radiography. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(6):807\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"5104_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23188001","volume":"23","author":"S Achar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Achar S, Hwang D, Finkenstaedt T, Malis V, Bae WC. Deep-learning-aided evaluation of spondylolysis imaged with ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging. Sensors. 2023;23(18):8001.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"5104_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-07099-2","volume":"31","author":"B Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou B, Liu C, Li Y, Xiong Y, Wang J, Zhang P, et al. Evaluation of the degenerative lumbar osseous morphology using zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging (ZTE-MRI). Eur Spine J. 2022;31(3):792\u2013800.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"18","key":"5104_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025800","volume":"100","author":"HS Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong HS, Park C, Kim KS, Kim JH, Jeon CH. Clinical feasibility of MR-generated synthetic CT images of the cervical spine: diagnostic performance for detection of OPLL and comparison of CT number. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(18):e25800.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"13","key":"5104_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002462","volume":"43","author":"EC Argentieri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Argentieri EC, Koff MF, Breighner RE, Endo Y, Shah PH, Sneag DB. Diagnostic accuracy of zero-echo time MRI for the evaluation of cervical neural foraminal stenosis. Spine. 2018;43(13):928\u201333.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5104_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavrakova IG, Haage P, Stueckle CA. Current State-of-the-Art 3D MRI Sequences for Assessing Bone Morphology with Emphasis on Cranial and Spinal Imaging: A Narrative Review. In R\u00f6Fo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der R\u00f6ntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 2025 Sep. Georg Thieme Verlag KG.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2673-4339"},{"key":"5104_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillet R, Obeid S, Clara M, Hossu G, Ambarki K, Boubaker F, Teixeira PA, Blum A. Diagnostic performance of pelvic CT, T1-weighted MRI and mineralized-tissue MRI for the assessment of structural lesions in sacroiliitis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 2025 Sep.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2025.09.004"},{"key":"5104_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael GE, Etigunta SK, Liu A, Perales M, Alexander C,\u00a0Watterson, C., ... & Illingworth, K. D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging\u2013Generated Synthetic Computed Tomography in Pediatric Spine Patients. JBJS Open Access. 2025 Apr ;10(2):e25.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.25.00099"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.20517\/ais.2024.41","volume":"5","author":"I Muhammad Talal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Muhammad Talal I, Eric M, Elizabeth Y. Artificial intelligence in spinal imaging - a narrative review. Artificial Intelligence Surgery. 2025;5(1):139\u201349.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"5104_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-025-02744-2","volume":"20","author":"P Earwong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Earwong P, Puttanawarut C, Suphaphong S, Worapruekjaru L, Jiarpinitnun C, Sawapabmongkon T, et al. Clinical implementation of deep learning-based synthetic CT for MRI-only volumetric modulated arc therapy in head and neck and pelvic cancer patients. Radiat Oncol. 2025;20(1):166.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05104-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05104-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05104-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:03:52Z","timestamp":1770750232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05104-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05104-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study is a systematic review of previously published  data, and no new human or animal participants were involved.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}]}}