{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:18:16Z","timestamp":1787170696907,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg im Breisgau"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe typical MRI findings 1 year after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metal artifact reduction (MARS) MRI including CSSEMAC techniques was prospectively acquired in\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925 consecutive patients (18\/25 female; 61\u201380 years) 1 year after rTSA. MRI findings of bone and soft tissue and artifact reduction were assessed semi-quantitatively. Clinical Constant-Murley scores (CMS) were obtained, including its subscores pain, activities-of-daily-living (ADL), range-of-motion (ROM), and strength. Preoperative MRI was available in 13\/25 subjects. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, nonparametric tests, and multivariable regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MARS MRI of rTSA showed overall good image quality. Subacromial edema (88%), mild effusion (52%), and synovitis (44%) were frequent postoperative findings. Synovitis was associated with more pain (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22122.044, 95% CI [\u22123.617, \u22120.470],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) and lower strength (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22124.497, 95% CI [\u22127.101, \u22121.893],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). Minor bone marrow edema (BME) at the shaft was found in all subjects (100%). BME in Gruen zone 4 (88%) and 6 (80%) was most frequent. A higher number of Gruen zones with BME correlated significantly with lower ADL (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.532,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024). There was a significant increase in fatty infiltration between pre- and postoperative images for the midacromial deltoid muscle (1 (IQR, 1\u20131) versus 2 (IQR, 1\u20132),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008; postoperatively present 100%). It was associated with an increase in deltoid length (chi-square 4.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), but not with inferior clinical scores. However, fatty infiltration of the more anterior deltoid muscle was associated with lower ADL (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22123.064,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subacromial edema, minor shaft BME, and fatty infiltration of the midacromial deltoid muscle were typical, asymptomatic MRI findings 1 year after rTSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-05121-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T07:35:11Z","timestamp":1770795311000},"page":"1087-1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metal-artifact reduced MR imaging for reverse shoulder arthroplasty: findings 1\u00a0year after surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Pia M.","family":"Jungmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand C.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balazs","family":"Bogner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arsenij","family":"Molotkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierno","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Strecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Bamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2417-9","volume":"136","author":"J Oppermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oppermann J, Celik E, Bredow J, Beyer F, Hackl M, Spies CK, et al. Shoulder arthroplasty in Germany: 2005\u20132012. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016;136(5):723\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"5121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000166","volume":"107","author":"TJ Menge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menge TJ, Boykin RE, Byram IR, Bushnell BD. A comprehensive approach to glenohumeral arthritis. South Med J. 2014;107(9):567\u201373.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"5121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2452-6","author":"M Petri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petri M, Euler SA, Dornan GJ, Greenspoon JA, Horan MP, Katthagen JC, et al. Predictors for satisfaction after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for idiopathic glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-016-2452-6.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e416","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180409-05","volume":"41","author":"JA Palsis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palsis JA, Simpson KN, Matthews JH, Traven S, Eichinger JK, Friedman RJ. Current trends in the use of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States. Orthopedics. 2018;41(3):e416\u201323.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-4047-2","volume":"473","author":"BP Wiater","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiater BP, Koueiter DM, Maerz T, Moravek JE Jr, Yonan S, Marcantonio DR, et al. Preoperative deltoid size and fatty infiltration of the deltoid and rotator cuff correlate to outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(2):663\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.10.005","volume":"28","author":"L Ernstbrunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ernstbrunner L, Andronic O, Grubhofer F, Camenzind RS, Wieser K, Gerber C. Long-term results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for rotator cuff dysfunction: a systematic review of longitudinal outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(4):774\u201381.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"5121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200905000-00003","volume":"17","author":"C Gerber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gerber C, Pennington SD, Nyffeler RW. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17(5):284\u201395.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-019-09582-2","volume":"13","author":"SG Thon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thon SG, Seidl AJ, Bravman JT, McCarty EC, Savoie FH 3rd, Frank RM. Advances and update on reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020;13(1):11\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.200067","volume":"6","author":"JIP Willems","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willems JIP, Hoffmann J, Sierevelt IN, van den Bekerom MPJ, Alta TDW, van Noort A. Results of stemless shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EFORT Open Rev. 2021;6(1):35\u201349.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"5121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magosch P, Lichtenberg S, Habermeyer P. Survival of stemless humeral head replacement in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty. A prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.09.034"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1743403","volume":"26","author":"DC Schaffeler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schaffeler DC. Posttreatment imaging of the shoulder. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2022;26(3):258\u201370.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"5121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopiz Y, Galan-Olleros M, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Garcia-Fernandez C, Marco F. Radiographic changes around the glenoid component in primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty at mid-term follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.10.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"5121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.03.016","volume":"28","author":"PJ Denard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Denard PJ, Hsu JE, Whitson A, Neradilek MB, Matsen FA 3rd. Radiographic outcomes of impaction-grafted standard-length humeral components in total shoulder and ream-and-run arthroplasty: is stress shielding an issue? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(11):2181\u201390.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03666-8","author":"C Germann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Germann C, Filli L, Jungmann PM, Graf DN, Fritz J, Pfirrmann CWA, et al. Prospective and longitudinal evolution of postoperative periprosthetic findings on metal artifact-reduced MR imaging in asymptomatic patients after uncemented total hip arthroplasty. Skeletal Radiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03666-8.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06554-5","volume":"30","author":"L Filli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Filli L, Jungmann PM, Zingg PO, Rudiger HA, Galley J, Sutter R, et al. MRI with state-of-the-art metal artifact reduction after total hip arthroplasty: periprosthetic findings in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(4):2241\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"5121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109253","volume":"131","author":"BJ Schwaiger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwaiger BJ, Gassert FT, Suren C, Gersing AS, Haller B, Pfeiffer D, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI with metal artifact reduction for the detection of periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty. Eur J Radiol. 2020;131:109253.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124922","volume":"10","author":"PM Jungmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jungmann PM, Ganter C, Schaeffeler CJ, Bauer JS, Baum T, Meier R, et al. View-angle tilting and slice-encoding metal artifact correction for artifact reduction in MRI: experimental sequence optimization for orthopaedic tumor endoprostheses and clinical application. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(4):e0124922.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1384830","volume":"18","author":"EY Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang EY, Chung CB. Current concepts on imaging diagnosis of rotator cuff disease. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2014;18(4):412\u201324.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517703086","volume":"45","author":"DC Karampinos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karampinos DC, Holwein C, Buchmann S, Baum T, Ruschke S, Gersing AS, et al. Proton density fat-fraction of rotator cuff muscles is associated with isometric strength 10 years after rotator cuff repair: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(9):1990\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112408","volume":"265","author":"R Sutter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sutter R, Ulbrich EJ, Jellus V, Nittka M, Pfirrmann CW. Reduction of metal artifacts in patients with total hip arthroplasty with slice-encoding metal artifact correction and view-angle tilting MR imaging. Radiology. 2012;265(1):204\u201314.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"5121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3596-4","volume":"25","author":"CA Agten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agten CA, Del Grande F, Fucentese SF, Blatter S, Pfirrmann CW, Sutter R. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty MRI: impact of slice-encoding for metal artefact correction MRI on image quality, findings and therapy decision. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(7):2184\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25708","volume":"46","author":"PM Jungmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jungmann PM, Agten CA, Pfirrmann CW, Sutter R. Advances in MRI around metal. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;46(4):972\u201391.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000504","volume":"54","author":"PM Jungmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jungmann PM, Bensler S, Zingg P, Fritz B, Pfirrmann CW, Sutter R. Improved visualization of juxtaprosthetic tissue using metal artifact reduction magnetic resonance imaging: experimental and clinical optimization of compressed sensing SEMAC. Invest Radiol. 2019;54(1):23\u201331.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-016-2437-0","volume":"45","author":"J Fritz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fritz J, Fritz B, Thawait GK, Raithel E, Gilson WD, Nittka M, et al. Advanced metal artifact reduction MRI of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty implants: compressed sensing acceleration enables the time-neutral use of SEMAC. Skelet Radiol. 2016;45(10):1345\u201356.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.04.023","volume":"84","author":"PM Jungmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jungmann PM, Baum T, Schaeffeler C, Sauerschnig M, Brucker PU, Mann A, et al. 3.0T MR imaging of the ankle: axial traction for morphological cartilage evaluation, quantitative T2 mapping and cartilage diffusion imaging-a preliminary study. Eur J Radiol. 2015;84(8):1546\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1396767","volume":"19","author":"GP Konin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Konin GP. Imaging of shoulder arthroplasty. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2015;19(1):49\u201359.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-014-9399-3","volume":"10","author":"OK Nwawka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nwawka OK, Konin GP, Sneag DB, Gulotta LV, Potter HG. Magnetic resonance imaging of shoulder arthroplasty: review article. HSS J. 2014;10(3):213\u201324.","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"5121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bancroft LW, Wasyliw C, Pettis C, Farley T. Postoperative shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2012; 20(2):313\u2013325, xi.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2012.01.010"},{"issue":"7","key":"5121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26251","volume":"49","author":"PM Jungmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jungmann PM, Gersing AS, Woertler K, Dietrich TJ, Baum T, Baumann F, et al. Reliable semiquantitative whole-joint MRI score for the shoulder joint: the shoulder osteoarthritis severity (SOAS) score. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019;49(7):e152\u201363.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.07.018","volume":"30","author":"PN Chalmers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chalmers PN, Lindsay SR, Smith W, Kawakami J, Hill R, Tashjian RZ, et al. Infraspinatus and deltoid length and patient height: implications for lateralization and distalization in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(4):712\u20139.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"5121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04365-3","volume":"43","author":"JD Werthel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Werthel JD, Walch G, Vegehan E, Deransart P, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Valenti P. Lateralization in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a descriptive analysis of different implants in current practice. Int Orthop. 2019;43(10):2349\u201360.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"5121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2025.05.019","volume":"9","author":"SW Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee SW, Jeong HJ, Min YK, Han SC, Han J, Oh JH. Individualized humeral tray selection in a single design of implant (comprehensive system; Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN) based on clinical symptoms and anatomy enhanced clinical outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Int. 2025;9(5):1683\u201392.","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"5121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B9.37761","volume":"98-B","author":"B Verhofste","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verhofste B, Decock T, Van Tongel A, De Wilde L. Heterotopic ossification after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(9):1215\u201321.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"6","key":"5121_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90097-6","volume":"8","author":"B Fuchs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fuchs B, Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Gerber C. Fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff: assessment by computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8(6):599\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608994685","volume":"67","author":"H Thomazeau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thomazeau H, Rolland Y, Lucas C, Duval JM, Langlais F. Atrophy of the supraspinatus belly. Assessment by MRI in 55 patients with rotator cuff pathology. Acta Orthop Scand. 1996;67(3):264\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"9","key":"5121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B9.25926","volume":"93","author":"B Melis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melis B, DeFranco M, Ladermann A, Mole D, Favard L, Nerot C, et al. An evaluation of the radiological changes around the Grammont reverse geometry shoulder arthroplasty after eight to 12 years. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(9):1240\u20136.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2013.869653","volume":"85","author":"T Gregory","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gregory T, Hansen U, Khanna M, Mutchler C, Urien S, Amis AA, et al. A CT scan protocol for the detection of radiographic loosening of the glenoid component after total shoulder arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2014;85(1):91\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00018","volume":"85","author":"FA Matsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matsen FA, Iannotti JP, Rockwood CA Jr. Humeral fixation by press-fitting of a tapered metaphyseal stem: a prospective radiographic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(2):304\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i2.244","volume":"6","author":"S Booker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Booker S, Alfahad N, Scott M, Gooding B, Wallace WA. Use of scoring systems for assessing and reporting the outcome results from shoulder surgery and arthroplasty. World J Orthop. 2015;6(2):244\u201351.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09202-7","volume":"33","author":"A Rau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rau A, Jungmann PM, Diallo TD, Reisert M, Kellner E, Eisenblaetter M, et al. Application of diffusion microstructure imaging in musculoskeletal radiology - translation from head to shoulders. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(3):1565\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420","volume":"86","author":"PE Shrout","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155\u201363.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"5121_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miniaci A, Scarcella MJ. Shoulder resurfacing for treatment of focal defects and diffuse osteoarthritis. Orthopade. 2021.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-020-04055-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"5121_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24606","volume":"38","author":"MF Koff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koff MF, Burge AJ, Potter HG. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging of arthroplasty at 1.5 T. J Orthop Res. 2020;38(7):1455\u201364.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"5121_CR45","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal I, Roberts CC, Metter DF, Fox MG, Appel M, Jawetz ST, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria(R) imaging after shoulder arthroplasty: 2021 update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022; 19(5S):S53-S66."},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W405","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6659","volume":"197","author":"CL Hayter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayter CL, Koff MF, Shah P, Koch KM, Miller TT, Potter HG. MRI after arthroplasty: comparison of MAVRIC and conventional fast spin-echo techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(3):W405-411.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27917","volume":"83","author":"K Kwon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwon K, Kim D, Kim B, Park H. Unsupervised learning of a deep neural network for metal artifact correction using dual-polarity readout gradients. Magn Reson Med. 2020;83(1):124\u201338.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5121_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000317","volume":"51","author":"J Fritz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fritz J, Ahlawat S, Demehri S, Thawait GK, Raithel E, Gilson WD, et al. Compressed sensing SEMAC: 8-fold accelerated high resolution metal artifact reduction MRI of cobalt-chromium knee arthroplasty implants. Invest Radiol. 2016;51(10):666\u201376.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25173-7","volume":"12","author":"DH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim DH, Choi HU, Choi BC, Kim JH, Cho CH. Postoperative acromiohumeral interval affects shoulder range of motions following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):21011.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"5121_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-04108-0","volume":"34","author":"DV Papadopoulos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Papadopoulos DV, Kakogeorgou V, Mullen JR, Kontogeorgakos V, Nikolaou VS, Babis G. Non-union of the greater tuberosity in patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture: is it associated with worse outcomes? Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024;34(8):4065\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5121_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22851","volume":"56","author":"DT Felson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Felson DT, Niu J, Guermazi A, Roemer F, Aliabadi P, Clancy M, et al. Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(9):2986\u201392.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"5121_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.04.001","volume":"45","author":"BJ Schwaiger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwaiger BJ, Gersing AS, Lee S, Nardo L, Samaan MA, Souza RB, et al. Longitudinal assessment of MRI in hip osteoarthritis using SHOMRI and correlation with clinical progression. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;45(6):648\u201355.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035221093061","volume":"13","author":"M Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung M, Ruschke S, Karampinos DC, Holwein C, Baum T, Gersing AS, et al. The predictive value of early postoperative MRI-based bone marrow parameters for mid-term outcome after MACI with autologous bone grafting at the knee. Cartilage. 2022;13(3):19476035221093061.","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980134","volume":"49","author":"M Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung M, Karampinos DC, Holwein C, Suchowierski J, Diallo TD, Gersing AS, et al. Quantitative 3-T magnetic resonance imaging after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation with autologous bone grafting of the knee: the importance of subchondral bone parameters. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(2):476\u201386.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jses.2019.11.007","volume":"4","author":"K Inoue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inoue K, Suenaga N, Oizumi N, Yamaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Taniguchi N, et al. Humeral bone resorption after reverse shoulder arthroplasty using uncemented stem. JSES Int. 2020;4(1):138\u201343.","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"1 Suppl S","key":"5121_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.10.006","volume":"14","author":"P Boileau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boileau P, Watkinson DJ, Hatzidakis AM, Balg F. Grammont reverse prosthesis: design, rationale, and biomechanics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14(1 Suppl S):147S-161S.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-1001-y","volume":"130","author":"SH Greiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greiner SH, Back DA, Herrmann S, Perka C, Asbach P. Degenerative changes of the deltoid muscle have impact on clinical outcome after reversed total shoulder arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(2):177\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.01.040","volume":"21","author":"HB Henninger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Henninger HB, Barg A, Anderson AE, Bachus KN, Tashjian RZ, Burks RT. Effect of deltoid tension and humeral version in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(4):483\u201390.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.02.002","volume":"22","author":"DG Schwartz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwartz DG, Kang SH, Lynch TS, Edwards S, Nuber G, Zhang LQ, et al. The anterior deltoid\u2019s importance in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(3):357\u201364.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5121_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saccone L, Giovannetti de Sanctis E, Caldaria A, Biagi N, Baldari A, De Angelis D\u2019Ossat GM, et al. Modified distalization shoulder angle and lateralization shoulder angle show weakly correlation with clinical outcomes following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.10.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174361","volume":"12","author":"JP Yoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoon JP, Seo A, Kim JJ, Lee CH, Baek SH, Kim SY, et al. Deltoid muscle volume affects clinical outcome of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with cuff tear arthropathy or irreparable cuff tears. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0174361.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"5121_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2023.08.002","volume":"7","author":"K Nakazawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakazawa K, Manaka T, Hirakawa Y, Ito Y, Iio R, Oi N, et al. Reliability and validity of a new deltoid muscle area measurement method after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Int. 2023;7(6):2500\u20136.","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5121_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.05.035","volume":"32","author":"JM Levin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levin JM, Pugliese M, Gobbi F, Pandy MG, Di Giacomo G, Frankle MA. Impact of reverse shoulder arthroplasty design and patient shoulder size on moment arms and muscle fiber lengths in shoulder abductors. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(12):2550\u201360.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5121_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.07.051","volume":"34","author":"P Valenti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valenti P, Zampeli F, Kazum E, Murillo-Nieto C, Nassar A, Moussa MK. How to choose the best lateralization and distalization of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty to optimize the clinical outcome in cuff tear arthropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2025;34(4):e179\u201386.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.09.003","volume":"18","author":"C Gerber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gerber C, Meyer DC, Frey E, von Rechenberg B, Hoppeler H, Frigg R, et al. Neer award 2007: reversion of structural muscle changes caused by chronic rotator cuff tears using continuous musculotendinous traction. An experimental study in sheep. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009;18(2):163\u201371.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"5121_CR66","first-page":"641","volume":"11","author":"AC Bitar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bitar AC, Guimaraes JB, Marques R, de Castro Trindade CA, Filho AGO, Nico MAC, et al. Clinical and radiological results after endoscopic treatment for gluteal tendon injuries with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2023;11(10):641\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000374","volume":"40","author":"T Baum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baum T, Inhuber S, Dieckmeyer M, Cordes C, Ruschke S, Klupp E, et al. Association of quadriceps muscle fat with isometric strength measurements in healthy males using chemical shift encoding-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2016;40(3):447\u201351.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.05.032","volume":"29","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Yoon SH, Lee D, Chung H. Relation between preoperative electromyographic activity of the deltoid and upper trapezius muscle and clinical results in patients treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(1):195\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.04.049","volume":"20","author":"AN Whatley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whatley AN, Fowler RL, Warner JJ, Higgins LD. Postoperative rupture of the anterolateral deltoid muscle following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients who have undergone open rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(1):114\u201322.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573220925046","volume":"14","author":"SG McClatchy","year":"2022","unstructured":"McClatchy SG, Heise GM, Mihalko WM, Azar FM, Smith RA, Witte DH, et al. Effect of deltoid volume on range of motion and patient-reported outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in rotator cuff-intact and rotator cuff-deficient conditions. Shoulder Elbow. 2022;14(1):24\u20139.","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"issue":"6","key":"5121_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.01.029","volume":"32","author":"EJD Veen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Veen EJD, Smits EJ, Ker A, Whitehouse SL, Ziegenfuss BL, Pivonka P, et al. Anterior deltoid muscle reflection using a deltopectoral approach is safe and does not influence outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(6):1135\u201345.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5121_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.08.031","volume":"33","author":"WP Polio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polio WP, Hajek B, Brolin TJ, Mihalko WM, Singhal K, Hughes S, et al. Muscle activation patterns during active external rotation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an electrophysiological study of the teres minor and associated musculature. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(3):583\u201392.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.09.019","volume":"5","author":"A Kwapisz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwapisz A, Rogers JP, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Newton E, Adams KJ, et al. Infraspinatus or teres minor fatty infiltration does not influence patient outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with a lateralized glenoid. JSES Int. 2021;5(1):109\u201313.","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"5121_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01075","volume":"89","author":"RW Simovitch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simovitch RW, Helmy N, Zumstein MA, Gerber C. Impact of fatty infiltration of the teres minor muscle on the outcome of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(5):934\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"5121_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65613-0","volume":"14","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Zhao M, Yang T, Li J, Qin C, Wang B, et al. Identifying significant structural factors associated with knee pain severity in patients with osteoarthritis using machine learning. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):14705.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5121_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152828","volume":"281","author":"AE Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li AE, Sneag DB, Greditzer HGt, Johnson CC, Miller TT, Potter HG. Total knee arthroplasty: diagnostic accuracy of patterns of synovitis at MR imaging. Radiology. 2016;281(2):499\u2013506.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6S","key":"5121_CR77","first-page":"S32","volume":"28","author":"Garrigues GE, Zmistowski B, Cooper AM, Green A, Group ICMS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garrigues GE, Zmistowski B, Cooper AM, Green A, Group ICMS. Proceedings from the 2018 International Consensus Meeting on Orthopedic Infections: evaluation of periprosthetic shoulder infection. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(6S):S32\u201366.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"15","key":"5121_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00912","volume":"104","author":"J Fritz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fritz J, Meshram P, Stern SE, Fritz B, Srikumaran U, McFarland EG. Diagnostic performance of advanced metal artifact reduction MRI for periprosthetic shoulder infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022;104(15):1352\u201361.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05121-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05121-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05121-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T08:03:10Z","timestamp":1774425790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05121-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-025-05121-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (334\/19) and registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00020807). All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The author R.St. is an employee of Siemens Healthineers and was involved in the technical development and application of the sequence. He did not have access to key portions of the study data. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}