{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:06:53Z","timestamp":1784016413189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skeletal Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-026-05228-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:45:24Z","timestamp":1777455924000},"page":"2253-2263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of radiographic foot alignment measurements with posterior tibialis tendon, spring ligament, and deltoid ligament tears"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Flavio","family":"Duarte Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul K.","family":"Taneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahad","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuda","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Hai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avneesh","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5228_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.16.00116","volume":"5","author":"MM Abousayed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abousayed MM, Alley MC, Shakked R, Rosenbaum AJ. Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity: etiology, diagnosis, and management. JBJS Rev. 2017;5(8):e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.16.00116.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"5228_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12645","volume":"204","author":"YC Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin YC, Mhuircheartaigh JN, Lamb J, Kung JW, Yablon CM, Wu JS. Imaging of adult flatfoot: correlation of radiographic measurements with MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204(2):354\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.14.12645.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5228_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.1.136","volume":"36","author":"J Narv\u00e1ez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Narv\u00e1ez J, Narv\u00e1ez JA, S\u00e1nchez-M\u00e1rquez A, Clavaguera MT, Rodriguez-Moreno J, Gil M. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction as a cause of acquired flatfoot in the adult: value of magnetic resonance imaging. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1997;36(1):136\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.1.136.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5228_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.01.046","volume":"56","author":"K Ikoma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikoma K, Hara Y, Kido M, et al. Relationship between grading with magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic parameters in posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;56(4):718\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.01.046.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"5228_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720950722","volume":"41","author":"MS Myerson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Myerson MS, Thordarson DB, Johnson JE, et al. Classification and nomenclature: progressive collapsing foot deformity. Foot Ankle Int. 2020;41(10):1271\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100720950722.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"5228_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13040942","volume":"13","author":"CS Pasapula","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pasapula CS, Choudkhuri MR, Monz\u00f3 ERG, et al. Review of classification systems for adult acquired flatfoot deformity\/progressive collapsing foot deformity and the novel development of the triple classification delinking instability\/deformity\/reactivity and foot type. J Clin Med. 2024;13(4):942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13040942.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5228_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2008.08.003","volume":"15","author":"J Kohls-Gatzoulis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kohls-Gatzoulis J, Woods B, Angel JC, Singh D. The prevalence of symptomatic posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction in women over the age of 40 in England. Foot Ankle Surg. 2009;15(2):75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fas.2008.08.003.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5228_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-013-9173-z","volume":"6","author":"E Vulcano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vulcano E, Deland JT, Ellis SJ. Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2013;6(4):294\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-013-9173-z.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5228_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199908000-00014","volume":"81","author":"GC Pomeroy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pomeroy GC, Pike RH, Beals TC, Manoli A. Current concepts review - acquired flatfoot in adults due to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon*. J Bone Joint Surg. 1999;81(8):1173.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"970","key":"5228_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/78613086","volume":"81","author":"A Kong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kong A, Van Der Vliet A. Imaging of tibialis posterior dysfunction. Br J Radiol. 2008;81(970):826\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr\/78613086.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5228_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2008.08.010","volume":"47","author":"N Shibuya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shibuya N, Ramanujam CL, Garcia GM. Association of tibialis posterior tendon pathology with other radiographic findings in the foot: a case-control study. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;47(6):546\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2008.08.010.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"5228_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-018-3142-y","volume":"48","author":"FM Gonzalez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gonzalez FM, Harmouche E, Robertson DD, et al. Tenosynovial fluid as an indication of early posterior tibial tendon dysfunction in patients with normal tendon appearance. Skeletal Radiol. 2019;48(9):1377\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-018-3142-y.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5228_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2011.02.004","volume":"50","author":"A Chhabra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chhabra A, Soldatos T, Chalian M, et al. 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with relevance to clinical staging. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2011;50(3):320\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2011.02.004.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"5228_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lau BC, Allahabadi S, Palanca A, Oji DE. Understanding radiographic measurements used in foot and ankle surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022;30(2):e139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00189.","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00189"},{"issue":"3","key":"5228_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100304","volume":"1","author":"MW Steel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Steel MW, Johnson KA, DeWitz MA, Ilstrup DM. Radiographic measurements of the normal adult foot. Foot Ankle. 1980;1(3):151\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110078000100304.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"3","key":"5228_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712465738","volume":"34","author":"S Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang S, Charlton TP, Thordarson DB. Lateral column length in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(3):392\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100712465738.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5228_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.1168","volume":"30","author":"SJ Ellis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ellis SJ, Yu JC, Williams BR, Lee C, Chiu YL, Deland JT. New radiographic parameters assessing forefoot abduction in the adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Int. 2009;30(12):1168\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3113\/FAI.2009.1168.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"5228_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019190046","volume":"39","author":"DV Flores","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flores DV, Mej\u00eda G\u00f3mez C, Fern\u00e1ndez Hernando M, Davis MA, Pathria MN. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: anatomy, biomechanics, staging, and imaging findings. Radiographics. 2019;39(5):1437\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2019190046.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"11","key":"5228_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2016.01.011","volume":"97","author":"A Cebulski-Delebarre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cebulski-Delebarre A, Boutry N, Szymanski C, et al. Correlation between primary flat foot and lower extremity rotational misalignment in adults. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(11):1151\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diii.2016.01.011.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"5228_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713488761","volume":"34","author":"M Arunakul","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arunakul M, Amendola A, Gao Y, Goetz JE, Femino JE, Phisitkul P. Tripod index: a new radiographic parameter assessing foot alignment. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(10):1411\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100713488761.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"5228_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160077","volume":"2","author":"C Maynou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maynou C, Szymanski C, Thiounn A. The adult cavus foot. EFORT Open Rev. 2017;2(5):221\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160077.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5228_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.05.006","volume":"26","author":"AL Godoy-Santos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Godoy-Santos AL, Schmidt EL, Chaparro F. What are the updates on epidemiology of progressive collapsing foot deformity? Foot Ankle Clin. 2021;26(3):407\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.05.006.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"5228_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ai6070144","volume":"6","author":"J Tanzilli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tanzilli J, Parpaleix A, de Oliveira F, et al. Automatic weight-bearing foot series measurements using deep learning. AI. 2025;6(7):144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ai6070144.","journal-title":"AI"},{"issue":"4","key":"5228_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011421S00998","volume":"7","author":"L Weigelt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weigelt L, Myatt D, Chapman J, et al. Interobserver reliability of radiographic angles and measurements in flat foot deformity. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2022;7(4):2473011421S00998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473011421S00998.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"key":"5228_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.03.003","volume":"40","author":"M Kido","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kido M, Ikoma K, Ikeda R, et al. Reproducibility of radiographic methods for assessing longitudinal tarsal axes: Part 1: consecutive case study. Foot (Edinb). 2019;40:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foot.2019.03.003.","journal-title":"Foot (Edinb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5228_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1580616","volume":"20","author":"B Mengiardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mengiardi B, Pinto C, Zanetti M. Spring ligament complex and posterior tibial tendon: MR anatomy and findings in acquired adult flatfoot deformity. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2016;20(1):104\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1580616.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"}],"container-title":["Skeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-026-05228-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00256-026-05228-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00256-026-05228-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:02:01Z","timestamp":1784016121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00256-026-05228-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-026-05228-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2348","1432-2161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2348","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted on the journal\u2019s author guidelines page, have been adhered to and the appropriate ethical review committee approval has been received.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"IRB waived the requirement of informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"AC receives royalties from Jaypee and Wolters. AC also serves as a consultant with ICON Medical and Treace Medical Concepts, Inc. AC is a speaker for Telemedicine clinics. AC is a medical advisor and has a research grant from Image Biopsy Lab Inc.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}