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The diagnostic value of FDG-PET\/CT for identifying cause of fever was calculated, treatment modifications after FDG-PET\/CT were assessed, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical and biochemical factors associated with FDG-PET\/CT outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 53 out of 110 patients (48%), FDG-PET\/CT identified a (true positive) cause of fever. Endocarditis (11%), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (5%), and inflammatory bowel disorder (5%) were the most common causes of FUO. In 42 patients (38%), no cause of fever was found on FDG-PET\/CT. In 58 out of 110 patients (53%), treatment modifications were made after FDG-PET\/CT. FDG-PET\/CT achieved a sensitivity of 85.5%, specificity of 79.2%, positive predictive value of 84.1%, and negative predictive value of 80.9%. On multivariate logistic regression, C-reactive protein was positively associated with finding a true positive focus of fever on FDG-PET\/CT (OR\u2009=\u20091.01 (95% CI 1.00\u20131.02) per mg\/L increase in CRP), while leukocyte count was negatively associated with finding a true positive focus of fever (OR\u2009=\u20090.91 (95% CI 0.85\u20130.97) per 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>leukocytes\/L increase).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>FDG-PET\/CT is a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of children with FUO, since it may detect a true underlying cause in almost half (48%) of all cases where none was found otherwise. It allows full-body evaluation in patients without disease-specific symptoms on one examination. CRP and leukocyte count were significantly associated with FDG-PET\/CT results, which may contribute to a priori assessment on the outcome of FDG-PET\/CT. Future research could be aimed at evaluating more patient-specific factors to prospectively estimate the added value of FDG-PET\/CT in children with FUO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04707-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:02:42Z","timestamp":1581044562000},"page":"1596-1604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Role of FDG-PET\/CT in children with fever of unknown origin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6361-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordy P.","family":"Pijl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Kwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.E.","family":"Legger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helja J.H.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wineke","family":"Armbrust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.H.","family":"Sch\u00f6lvinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andor W.J.M.","family":"Glaudemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4707_CR1","unstructured":"Del Bene VE. 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