{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:52:28Z","timestamp":1773712348218,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05083-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T13:05:11Z","timestamp":1610197511000},"page":"2531-2542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Inflammatory response in lungs and extrapulmonary sites detected by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET\/CT in convalescing COVID-19 patients tested negative for coronavirus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges EI","family":"Fakhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengmin","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10229","key":"5083_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30559-6","volume":"395","author":"KH Jacobsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacobsen KH. Will COVID-19 generate global preparedness? Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1013\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30559-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5083_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"issue":"20","key":"5083_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30079","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","volume":"S2213-2600","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;S2213-2600(20):30079\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5083_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","volume":"315","author":"G Bellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, et al. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA. 2016;315(8):788\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0291.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10223","key":"5083_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5083_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2565.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2565"},{"issue":"1","key":"5083_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200230","volume":"295","author":"M Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung M, Bernheim A, Mei X, et al. CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology. 2020;295(1):202\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020200230.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5083_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"5083_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.4326.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4326"},{"issue":"4","key":"5083_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4","volume":"20","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(4):425\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5083_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30057-1","volume":"5","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Shi L, Wang F-S. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):428\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30057-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"141","key":"5083_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0051-2016","volume":"25","author":"S Capitanio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Capitanio S, Nordin AJ, Noraini AR, Rossetti C. PET\/CT in nononcological lung diseases: current applications and future perspectives. Eur Respir Rev. 2016;25(141):247\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0051-2016.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"5083_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.09.014","volume":"86","author":"DL Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen DL, Schiebler ML, Goo JM, van Beek EJR. PET imaging approaches for inflammatory lung diseases: current concepts and future directions. Eur J Radiol. 2017;86:371\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.09.014.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5083_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04734-w","volume":"47","author":"C Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin C, Liu F, Yen TC, Lan X. 18F-FDG PET\/CT findings of COVID-19: a series of four highly suspected cases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(5):1281\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-04734-w.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"5083_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dietz M, Chironi G, Claessens YE, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: relationship between inflammation assessed by whole-body FDG PET\/CT and short-term clinical outcome. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-04968-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04968-8"},{"key":"5083_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colandrea M, Gilardi L, Travaini LL. et al, 18F-FDG PET\/CT in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19: the submerged iceberg surfaces. Jpn J Radiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-020-01006-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-020-01006-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"5083_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","volume":"8","author":"Z Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5083_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aab31f","volume":"37","author":"G Bellani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellani G, Messa C, Guerra L, et al. Lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome show diffuse inflammation in normally aerated regions: a [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET\/CT study. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(7):2216\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aab31f.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5083_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.07.018","volume":"15","author":"LN Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson LN, Vesselle H. COVID-19 in an asymptomatic patient undergoing FDG PET\/CT. Radiol Case Rep. 2020;15(10):1809\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.07.018.","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"5083_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1669","volume":"5","author":"RE Mebius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mebius RE, Kraal G. Structure and function of the spleen. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(8):606\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri1669.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5083_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2922","volume":"11","author":"D Mathis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathis D, Shoelson SE. Immunometabolism: an emerging frontier. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(2):81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2922.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"13","key":"5083_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6324com","volume":"20","author":"J Zhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhan J, Deng R, Tang J, et al. The spleen as a target in severe acute respiratory syndrome. FASEB J. 2006;20(13):2321\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.06-6324com.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"5083_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0542-4","volume":"17","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Z, Matteson EL, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. T-cell metabolism in autoimmune disease. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-015-0542-4.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"5083_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.08.003","volume":"51","author":"HY Tsai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsai HY, Lee MH, Wan CH, et al. C-reactive protein levels can predict positive 18F-FDG PET\/CT findings that lead to management changes in patients with bacteremia. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018;51(6):839\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.08.003.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"5083_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20111","volume":"39","author":"TN Chau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chau TN, Lee KC, Yao H, et al. SARS-associated viral hepatitis caused by a novel coronavirus: report of three cases. Hepatology. 2004;39(2):302\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.20111.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"20","key":"5083_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30084","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30084-4","volume":"S2468-1253","author":"MN Bangash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D. COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;S2468-1253(20):30084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30084-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5083_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2009.05.007","volume":"34","author":"CY Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin CY, Ding HJ, Lin T, et al. Positive correlation between serum liver enzyme levels and standard uptake values of liver on FDG-PET. Clin Imaging. 2010;34(2):109\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2009.05.007.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"5083_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0300891620935983","volume":"106","author":"M Scarlattei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scarlattei M, Baldari G, Silva M, et al. Unknown SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia detected by PET\/CT in patients with cancer. Tumori. 2020;106(4):325\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300891620935983.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"5083_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00048502","volume":"21","author":"HA Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones HA, Marino PS, Shakur BH, Morrell NW. In vivo assessment of lung inflammatory cell activity in patients with COPD and asthma. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:567\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00048502.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5083_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-015-0143-x","volume":"5","author":"S Chefer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chefer S, Thomasson D, Seidel J, et al. Modeling [(18)F]-FDG lymphoid tissue kinetics to characterize nonhuman primate immune response to Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus aerosol challenge. EJNMMI Res. 2015;5(1):65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13550-015-0143-x.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"5083_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040094","volume":"7","author":"CB Jonsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jonsson CB, Camp JV, Wu A, et al. Molecular imaging reveals a progressive pulmonary inflammation in lower airways in ferrets infected with 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0040094.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"5083_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003174","volume":"45","author":"J Alonso Sanchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alonso Sanchez J, Garc\u00eda Prieto J, Galiana Mor\u00f3n A, Pilkington-Woll JP. PET\/CT of COVID-19 as an organizing pneumonia. Clin Nucl Med. 2020;45(8):642\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003174.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5083_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.07.035","volume":"15","author":"O Barry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barry O, Cabral D, Kahn JE, et al. 18-FDG pseudotumoral lesion with quick flowering to a typical lung CT COVID-19. Radiol Case Rep. 2020;15(10):1813\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.07.035.","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"5083_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04762-6","volume":"47","author":"B Joob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. 18F-FDG PET\/CT and COVID-19. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(6):1348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-04762-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"5083_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04767-1","volume":"47","author":"Y Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng Y, Lei L, Chen Y, Zhang W. The potential added value of FDG PET\/CT for COVID-19 pneumonia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(7):1634\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-04767-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"5083_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halsey R, Priftakis D, Mackenzie S, et al. COVID-19 in the act: incidental 18F-FDG PET\/CT findings in asymptomatic patients and those with symptoms not primarily correlated with COVID-19 during the United Kingdom coronavirus lockdown. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-04972-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04972-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"5083_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1152-2341","volume":"59","author":"S L\u00fctje","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00fctje S, Marinova M, K\u00fctting D, et al. Nuclear medicine in SARS-CoV-2 pandemia: 18F-FDG-PET\/CT to visualize COVID-19. Nuklearmedizin. 2020;59(3):276\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1152-2341.","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-020-05083-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-020-05083-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-020-05083-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T06:09:00Z","timestamp":1624946940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-020-05083-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-05083-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}