{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T11:43:21Z","timestamp":1774698201152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05666-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T03:02:41Z","timestamp":1641351761000},"page":"1939-1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Metabolic correlates of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) do not overlap"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Morbelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Chiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabella","family":"Donegani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Arnaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lanfranchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bauckneht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Biassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Orso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Barisione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sambuceti","family":"Gianmario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Nobili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30221-0","volume":"19","author":"MA Ellul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ellul MA, Benjamin L, Singh B, Lant S, Michael BD, Easton A, Kneen R, Defres S, Sejvar J, Solomon T. Neurological associations of COVID-19. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:767\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","volume":"277","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277:2251\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"5666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.263","volume":"58","author":"P Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boscolo-Rizzo P, Polesel J, Spinato G, Menegaldo A, Fabbris C, Calvanese L, Borsetto D, Hopkins C. Predominance of an altered sense of smell or taste among long-lasting symptoms in patients with mildly symptomatic COVID-19. Rhinology. 2020;58:524\u20135.","journal-title":"Rhinology."},{"key":"5666_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Estiri H, Strasser ZH, Brat GA, Semenov YR, Patel CJ, Murphy SN. Evolving phenotypes of non-hospitalized patients that indicate long COVID\u00a02021.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.25.21255923","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.25.21255923"},{"key":"5666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100163","volume":"9","author":"M Almeria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almeria M, Cejudo JC, Sotoca J, Deus J, Krupinski J. Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;9:100163.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health."},{"key":"5666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.015","author":"E Guedj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guedj E, Lazarini F, Morbelli S, Ceccaldi M, Hautefort C, Kas A, Radulesco T, Salmon-Ceron D, Eldin C. Long COVID and the brain network of Proust\u2019s madeleine: targeting the olfactory pathway. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.015.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"5666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04965-x","volume":"47","author":"S Morbelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morbelli S, Ekmekcioglu O, Barthel H, Albert NL, Boellaard R, Cecchin D, Guedj E, Lammertsma AA, Law I, Penuelas I, Semah F, Traub-Weidinger T, van de Giessen E, Varrone A, Garibotto V, EANM Neuroimaging Committee. COVID-19 and the brain: impact on nuclear medicine in neurology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47:2487\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04973-x","volume":"48","author":"E Guedj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guedj E, Million M, Dudouet P, Tissot-Dupont H, Bregeon F, Cammilleri S, Raoult D. 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent\/delayed disorders? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48:592\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05154-6","volume":"48","author":"M Niesen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niesen M, Trotta N, Noel A, Coolen T, Fayad G, Leurkin-Sterk G, Delpierre I, Henrard S, Sadeghi N, Goffard JC, Goldman S, De Ti\u00e8ge X. Structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in COVID-19 patients with sudden loss of smell. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48:1890\u2013901.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05215-4","volume":"48","author":"E Guedj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guedj E, Campion JY, Dudouet P, Kaphan E, Bregeon F, Tissot-Dupont H, Guis S, Barthelemy F, Habert P, Ceccaldi M, Million M, Raoult D, Cammilleri S, Eldin C. 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in patients with long COVID. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48:2823\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.01.031","volume":"28","author":"A Yousefi-Koma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yousefi-Koma A, Haseli S, Bakhshayeshkaram M, Raad N, Karimi-Galougahi M. Multimodality imaging with PET\/CT and MRI reveals hypometabolism in tertiary olfactory cortex in parosmia of COVID-19. Acad Radiol. 2021;28:749\u201351.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol."},{"key":"5666_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"M Sollini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sollini M, Morbelli S, Ciccarelli M, Cecconi M, Aghemo A, Morelli P, Chiola S, Gelardi F, Chiti A. Long COVID hallmarks on [18F]FDG-PET\/CT: a case-control study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;7:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.262128","volume":"62","author":"G Blazhenets","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blazhenets G, Schroeter N, Bormann T, Thurow J, Wagner D, Frings L, Weiller C, Meyer PT, Dressing A, Hosp JA. Slow but evident recovery from neocortical dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a series of chronic COVID-19 patients. J Nucl Med. 2021;62:910\u20135.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"5666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030287","volume":"9","author":"MI Donegani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Donegani MI, Miceli A, Pardini M, Bauckneht M, Chiola S, Pennone M, Marini C, Massa F, Raffa S, Ferrarazzo G, Arnaldi D, Sambuceti G, Nobili F, Morbelli S. Brain metabolic correlates of persistent olfactory dysfunction after SARS-Cov2 infection. Biomedicines. 2021;9:287.","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"5666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosp JA, Dressing A, Blazhenets G, Bormann T, Rau A, Schwabenland M, Thurow J, Wagner D, Waller C, Niesen WD, Frings L, Urbach H, Prinz M, Weiller C, Schroeter N, Meyer PT. Cognitive impairment and altered cerebral glucose metabolism in the subacute stage of COVID-19. Brain. 202;144:1263\u20131276.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab009"},{"key":"5666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91270-8","volume":"11","author":"J Varghese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varghese J, Sandmann S, Ochs K, Schrempf IM, Fr\u00f6mmel C, Dugas M, Schmidt HH, Vollenberg R, Tepasse PR. Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11:12775.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"5666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.1.84","volume":"55","author":"RI Mesholam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mesholam RI, Moberg PJ, Mahr RN, Doty RL. Olfaction in neurodegenerative disease: a meta-analysis of olfactory functioning in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:84\u201390.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"5666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12586","volume":"20","author":"K Utsumi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Utsumi K, Fukatsu R, Yamada R, Takamaru Y, Hara Y, Yasumura S. Characteristics of initial symptoms and symptoms at diagnosis in probable dementia with Lewy body disease: incidence of symptoms and gender differences. Psychogeriatrics. 2020;20(5):737\u201345.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics."},{"key":"5666_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819973-2.00030-7","volume":"182","author":"IM Walker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walker IM, Fullard ME, Morley JF, Duda JE. Olfaction as an early marker of Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Handb Clin Neurol. 2021;182:317\u201329.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.06.053","volume":"310","author":"F Nobili","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nobili F, Morbelli S, Arnaldi D, Ferrara M, Campus C, Brugnolo A, Mazzei D, Mehrdad N, Sambuceti G, Rodriguez G. Radionuclide brain imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). J Neurol Sci. 2011;310:31\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"5666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04570-7","volume":"47","author":"SK Meles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meles SK, Renken RJ, Pagani M, Teune LK, Arnaldi D, Morbelli S, Nobili F, van Laar T, Obeso JA, Rodr\u00edguez-Oroz MC, Leenders KL. Abnormal pattern of brain glucose metabolism in Parkinson\u2019s disease: replication in three European cohorts. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47:437\u201350.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569333","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.569333","volume":"11","author":"H Rebholz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rebholz H, Braun RJ, Ladage D, Knoll W, Kleber C, Hassel AW. Loss of olfactory function-early indicator for COVID-19, other viral infections and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Neurol. 2020;11:569333.","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30442-7","volume":"20","author":"M Merello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Merello M, Bhatia KP, Obeso JA. SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: facts and fantasy. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20:94\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"M Morassi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morassi M, Palmerini F, Nici S, Magni E, Savelli G, Guerra UP, Chieregato M, Morbelli S, Vogrig A. SARS-CoV-2-related encephalitis with prominent parkinsonism: clinical and FDG-PET correlates in two patients. J Neurol. 2021;21:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117331","volume":"422","author":"K Makhoul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makhoul K, Jankovic J. Parkinson\u2019s disease after COVID-19. J Neurol Sci. 2021;422:117331.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"5666_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30305-7","volume":"19","author":"ME Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen ME, Eichel R, Steiner-Birmanns B, et al. A case of probable Parkinson\u2019s disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:804\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28277","volume":"35","author":"I Faber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faber I, Brand\u00e3o PRP, Menegatti F, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 and parkinsonism: a non-post-encephalitic case. Mov Disord. 2020;35:1721\u20132.","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"issue":"18","key":"5666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757e66","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2009249","volume":"383","author":"RT Gandhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gandhi RT, Lynch JB, del Rio C. Mild or moderate COVID-19. NEJM. 2020;383(18):1757e66.","journal-title":"NEJM."},{"key":"5666_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28654","author":"B Orso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orso B, Arnaldi D, Girtler N, Brugnolo A, Doglione E, Mattioli P, Biassoni E, Fancellu R, Massa F, Bauckneht M, Chiola S, Morbelli S, Nobili F, Pardini M. Dopaminergic and serotonergic degeneration and cortical [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28654 (Epub ahead of print).","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"5666_CR30","first-page":"222","volume":"34","author":"G Kobal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kobal G, Hummel T, Sekinger B, et al. \u201cSniff Sticks\u201d: screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology. 1996;34:222\u20136.","journal-title":"Rhinology."},{"key":"5666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5248-1","volume":"276","author":"A Oleszkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oleszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Croy I, H\u00e4hner A, Hummel T. Updated Sniffin\u2019 Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276:719\u201328.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"5666_CR32","first-page":"145","volume":"37","author":"HR Briner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Briner HR, Simmen D. Smell diskettes as screening test of olfaction. Rhinology. 1999;37:145\u20138.","journal-title":"Rhinology."},{"key":"5666_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.05.031","volume":"29","author":"D Arnaldi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arnaldi D, Morbelli S, Brugnolo A, Girtler N, Picco A, Ferrara M, Accardo J, Buschiazzo A, de Carli F, Pagani M, Nobili F. Functional neuroimaging and clinical features of drug naive patients with de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease and probable RBD. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;29:47\u201353.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"5666_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1264-0","volume":"36","author":"A Varrone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Varrone A, Asenbaum S, Vander Borght T, Booij J, Nobili F, N\u00e5gren K, Darcourt J, Kapucu OL, Tatsch K, Bartenstein P, et al. EANM procedure guidelines for PET brain imaging using [18F]FDG, version 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:2103\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","volume":"2","author":"KJ Friston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Worsley KJ, Poline JP, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach. Hum Brain Mapp. 1994;2:189\u2013210.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"5666_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1218-6","volume":"37","author":"S Morbelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morbelli S, Piccardo A, Villavecchia G, Dessi B, Brugnolo A, Piccini A, Caroli A, Frisoni G, Rodriguez G, Nobili F. Mapping brain morphological and functional conversion patterns in amnestic MCI: a voxel-based MRI and FDG-PET study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:36\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210335","author":"S Toniolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toniolo S, Scarioni M, Di Lorenzo F, Hort J, Georges J, Tomic S, Nobili F, Frederiksen KS, Management Group of the EAN Dementia and Cognitive Disorders Scientific Panel. Dementia and COVID-19, a bidirectional liaison: risk factors, biomarkers, and optimal health care. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-210335 (Epub ahead of print).","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"5666_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24717","volume":"80","author":"P Tiraboschi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tiraboschi P, Corso A, Guerra UP, Nobili F, Piccardo A, Calcagni ML, Volterrani D, Cecchin D, Tettamanti M, Antelmi L, Vidale S, Sacco L, Merello M, Stefanini S, Micheli A, Vai P, Capitanio S, Gabanelli SV, Riva R, Pinto P, Biffi AM, Muscio C, SCILLA Working Group. (123) I-2\u03b2-carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane single photon emission computed tomography and (123) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies from other dementias: A comparative study. Ann Neurol. 2016;80:368\u201378.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04817-8","volume":"47","author":"S Morbelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morbelli S, Esposito G, Arbizu J, Barthel H, Boellaard R, Bohnen NI, Brooks DJ, Darcourt J, Dickson JC, Douglas D, Drzezga A, Dubroff J, Ekmekcioglu O, Garibotto V, Herscovitch P, Kuo P, Lammertsma A, Pappata S, Pe\u00f1uelas I, Seibyl J, Semah F, Tossici-Bolt L, Van de Giessen E, Van Laere K, Varrone A, Wanner M, Zubal G, Law I. EANM practice guideline\/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47:1885\u2013912.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR40","first-page":"351","volume":"10","author":"RC Helmich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmich RC, Bloem BR. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson\u2019s disease: hidden sorrows and emerging opportunities. J Park Dis. 2020;10:351\u20134.","journal-title":"J Park Dis."},{"key":"5666_CR41","first-page":"30117","volume":"S1353\u20138020","author":"E Hainque","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hainque E, Grabli D. Rapid worsening in Parkinson\u2019s disease may hide COVID-19 infection. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020;S1353\u20138020:30117\u201326.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"5666_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12709","volume":"22","author":"L Paschen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paschen L, Schmidt N, Wolff S, Cnyrim C, van Eimeren T, Zeuner KE, et al. The olfactory bulb volume in patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22:1068\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2125","volume":"77","author":"LS Politi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Politi LS, Salsano E, Grimaldi M. Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77:1028\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000488680","volume":"18","author":"AM Crespo Cuevas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crespo Cuevas AM, Ispierto L, Vilas D, Planas A, Planas A, Isern I, Sanchez J, De Haro J, Alvarez R. Distinctive olfactory pattern in Parkinson\u2019s disease and non-neurodegenerative causes of hyposmia. Neurodegener Dis. 2018;18:143\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis."},{"key":"5666_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00598","volume":"9","author":"M Haghshomar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haghshomar M, Dolatshahi M, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Shirin Shandiz M, Aarabi MH. Disruption of inferior longitudinal fasciculus microstructure in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Front Neurol. 2018;9:598.","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"5666_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq079","volume":"133","author":"NI Bohnen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bohnen NI, M\u00fcller ML, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Kilbourn MA, Albin RL, Frey KA. Olfactory dysfunction, central cholinergic integrity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 2010;133:1747\u201354.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"5666_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq225","volume":"133","author":"R Postuma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Postuma R, Gagnon JF. Cognition and olfaction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 2010;133:e160.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"5666_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richard L. Doty, Olfaction in Richard L. Doty, Olfaction, Editor(s). Encyclopedia of the human brain, Academic Press, 2002; 717\u2013727, ISBN 9780122272103,","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-227210-2\/00259-4"},{"key":"5666_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06754-0","author":"X Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao X, Wu D, Li X, Su B, Sun Z, Nie B, Zhang X, Wei Y. Altered glucose metabolism of the olfactory-related cortices in anosmia patients with traumatic brain injury. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06754-0 (Epub ahead of print).","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"5666_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2969-2","volume":"42","author":"A Chiaravalloti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiaravalloti A, Pagani M, Micarelli A, Di Pietro B, Genovesi G, Alessandrini M, Schillaci O. Cortical activity during olfactory stimulation in multiple chemical sensitivity: a (18)F-FDG PET\/CT study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:733\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"5666_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000015240.75199.BE","volume":"33","author":"WJ Chu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chu WJ, Mason GF, Pan JW, Hetherington HP, Liu HG, San Pedro EC, Mountz JM. Regional cerebral blood flow and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging findings in diaschisis from stroke. Stroke. 2002;33:1243\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"5666_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000598","volume":"40","author":"S Dietemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dietemann S, Noblet V, Imperiale A, Blondet C, Namer IJ. FDG PET findings of the brain in sudden blindness caused by bilateral central retinal artery occlusion revealing giant cell arteritis. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40:45\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med."},{"key":"5666_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653516","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.653516","volume":"8","author":"F Salamanna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, Landini MP, Fini M. Post-COVID-19 syndrome: the persistent symptoms at the post-viral stage of the disease. A systematic review of the current data. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:653516.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"5666_CR54","first-page":"25","volume":"5","author":"J Antczak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antczak J, Popp R, Hajak G, Zulley J, Marienhagen J, Geisler P. Positron emission tomography findings in obstructive sleep apnea patients with residual sleepiness treated with continuous positive airway pressure. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;5(Suppl. 5):25\u201335.","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05666-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05666-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05666-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T16:04:50Z","timestamp":1650384290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05666-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05666-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the regional ethical committee (CER Liguria code 671\/2020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The results of all the performed exams have been provided to the patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Silvia Morbelli received speaking honoraria from GE Healthcare and AAA. Flavio Nobili received fees from BIAL for consultation, from GE Healthcare for teaching talks, and from Roche for board participation. Dario Arnaldi received fees from Fidia for lectures and board participation. Matteo Pardini receives research support from Novartis and Nutricia and fees from Novartis, Merck, and Biogen. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}