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All arms underwent 6\u00a0weeks of weekly conventional PE followed by 12\u00a0months of monthly low-volume PE. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric analyses and regional and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis on <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>FDG-PET) were performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MRI analyses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009198 patients) of selected subcortical structures showed fewer volume changes from baseline to final visit in the high albumin\u2009+\u2009IVIG treatment group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 in 3 structures vs. 4 to 9 in other groups). The high albumin\u2009+\u2009IVIG group showed no statistically significant reduction of right hippocampus. SPM <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>FDG-PET analyses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009213 patients) showed a worsening of metabolic activity in the specific areas affected in AD (posterior cingulate, precuneus, and parieto-temporal regions). The high-albumin\u2009+\u2009IVIG treatment group showed the greatest metabolic stability over the course of the study, i.e., the smallest percent decline in metabolism (MaskAD), and least progression of defect compared to placebo.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PE with albumin replacement was associated with fewer deleterious changes in subcortical structures and less metabolic decline compared to the typical of the progression of AD. This effect was more marked in the group treated with high albumin\u2009+\u2009IVIG.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>(AMBAR trial registration: EudraCT#: 2011\u2013001,598-25; ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01561053).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05915-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1658469778000},"page":"4589-4600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuroimaging analyses from a randomized, controlled study to evaluate plasma exchange with albumin replacement in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: additional results from the AMBAR study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5276-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Cuberas-Borr\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Castell-Conesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar L.","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Grifols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Barcel\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Pareto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"P\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5915_CR1","unstructured":"Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G-C, Wu Y-T, Prina M. 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Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) or Ethics Committees from the sites and the Health Authorities from the countries where the study was performed approved the protocol, the informed consent form, and the patient information sheets.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Each patient and caregiver, family member, or legal representative provided informed consent prior to enrollment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"MBo has been a consultant for Araclon, Avid, Bayer, Elan, Grifols, Janssen\/Pfizer, Lilly, Neuroptix, Nutricia, Roche, Sanofi, Biogen, and Servier; and received fees for lectures and funds for research from Araclon, Esteve, Grifols, Janssen, Novartis, Nutricia, Piramal, Pfizer-Wyett, Roche, and Servier. OLL has been a consultant for Grifols and Lundbeck. LN, MBa, CG, and AP are full-time employees of Grifols.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}