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Secondary endpoints were the predictive value of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009F-FDG-PET\/CT on pathological response and acute and late toxicity. All patients performed\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009F-FDG-PET\/CT at baseline (PET\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and after 2\u00a0weeks during CRT (PET\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). The metabolic PET parameters were calculated both at the PET\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PET\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The total CRT dose was 45\u00a0Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes and 50\u00a0Gy to the primary tumor, corresponding mesorectum, and to metastatic lymph nodes. Furthermore, a sequential boost was delivered to a biological target volume defined by PET\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      with an additional dose of 5\u00a0Gy in 2 fractions. Capecitabine (825\u00a0mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      twice daily orally) was prescribed for the entire treatment duration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen patients (13 males, 5 females; median age 55\u00a0years [range, 41\u201377\u00a0years]) were enrolled in the trial. Patients underwent surgical resection at 8\u20139\u00a0weeks after the end of neoadjuvant CRT. No patient showed grade\u2009&gt;\u20091 acute radiation-induced toxicity. Seven patients (38.8%) had\n                      <jats:italic>TRG<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090 (complete regression), 5 (27.0%) showed\n                      <jats:italic>TRG<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092, and 6 (33.0%) had\n                      <jats:italic>TRG<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093. Based on the TRG results, patients were classified in two groups:\n                      <jats:italic>TRG<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090 (pCR) and\n                      <jats:italic>TRG<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091, 2, 3 (non pCR). Accepting\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 as the level of significance, at the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, the medians of baseline-MTV,\n                      <jats:italic>interim<\/jats:italic>\n                      -SUVmax,\n                      <jats:italic>interim<\/jats:italic>\n                      -SUVmean,\n                      <jats:italic>interim<\/jats:italic>\n                      -MTV,\n                      <jats:italic>interim<\/jats:italic>\n                      -TLG, and the MTV reduction were significantly different between the two groups.\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009F-FDG-PET\/CT was able to predict the pCR in 77.8% of cases through compared evaluation of both baseline PET\/CT and interim PET\/CT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results showed that a dose escalation on a reduced target in the final phase of CRT is well tolerated and able to provide a high pCR rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05944-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T23:23:01Z","timestamp":1663716181000},"page":"572-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adaptive Individualized high-dose preoperAtive (AIDA) chemoradiation in high-risk rectal cancer: a phase II trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Guido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajana","family":"Cuicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Castellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Fabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola Lorena Rojas","family":"Llimpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Strigari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milly","family":"Buwenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savino","family":"Cilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Deodato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Galietta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Golfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ardizzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco Maurizio","family":"Zagari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Poggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Fuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio G.","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","volume":"144","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Pi\u00f1eros M, Znaor A, Bray F. 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