{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T07:09:06Z","timestamp":1788592146213,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) systems have a much higher sensitivity than standard axial field-of-view (SAFOV) PET systems for imaging the torso or full body, which allows faster and\/or lower dose imaging. Despite its very high sensitivity, current total-body PET (TB-PET) throughput is limited by patient handling (positioning on the bed) and often a shortage of available personnel. This factor, combined with high system costs, makes it hard to justify the implementation of these systems for many academic and nearly all routine nuclear medicine departments. We, therefore, propose a novel, cost-effective, dual flat panel TB-PET system for patients in upright standing positions to avoid the time-consuming positioning on a PET-CT table; the walk-through (WT) TB-PET. We describe a patient-centered, flat panel PET design that offers very efficient patient throughput and uses monolithic detectors (with BGO or LYSO) with depth-of-interaction (DOI) capabilities and high intrinsic spatial resolution. We compare system sensitivity, component costs, and patient throughput of the proposed WT-TB-PET to a SAFOV (=\u200926\u00a0cm) and a LAFOV (=\u2009106\u00a0cm) LSO PET systems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patient width, height (=\u2009top head to start of thighs) and depth (=\u2009distance from the bed to front of patient) were derived from 40 randomly selected PET-CT scans to define the design dimensions of the WT-TB-PET. We compare this new PET system to the commercially available Siemens Biograph Vision 600 (SAFOV) and Siemens Quadra (LAFOV) PET-CT in terms of component costs, system sensitivity, and patient throughput. System cost comparison was based on estimating the cost of the two main components in the PET system (Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and scintillators). Sensitivity values were determined using Gate Monte Carlo simulations. Patient throughput times (including CT and scout scan, patient positioning on bed and transfer) were recorded for 1\u00a0day on a Siemens Vision 600 PET. These timing values were then used to estimate the expected patient throughput (assuming an equal patient radiotracer injected activity to patients and considering differences in system sensitivity and time-of-flight information) for WT-TB-PET, SAFOV and LAFOV PET.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The WT-TB-PET is composed of two flat panels; each is 70\u00a0cm wide and 106\u00a0cm high, with a 50-cm gap between both panels. These design dimensions were justified by the patient sizes measured from the 40 random PET-CT scans. Each panel consists of 14\u2009\u00d7\u200920 monolithic BGO detector blocks that are 50\u2009\u00d7\u200950\u2009\u00d7\u200916\u00a0mm in size and are coupled to a readout with 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u00a0mm SiPMs arrays. For the WT-TB-PET, the detector surface is reduced by a factor of 1.9 and the scintillator volume by a factor of 2.2 compared to LAFOV PET systems, while demonstrating comparable sensitivity and much better uniform spatial resolution (&lt;\u20092\u00a0mm in all directions over the FOV). The estimated component cost for the WT-TB-PET is 3.3\u2009\u00d7\u2009lower than that of a 106\u00a0cm LAFOV system and only 20% higher than the PET component costs of a SAFOV. The estimated maximum number of patients scanned on a standard 8-h working day increases from 28 (for SAFOV) to 53\u201360 (for LAFOV in limited\/full acceptance) to 87 (for the WT-TB-PET). By scanning faster (more patients), the amount of ordered activity per patient can be reduced drastically: the WT-TB-PET requires 66% less ordered activity per patient than a SAFOV.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We propose a monolithic BGO or LYSO-based WT-TB-PET system with DOI measurements that departs from the classical patient positioning on a table and allows patients to stand upright between two flat panels. The WT-TB-PET system provides a solution to achieve a much lower cost TB-PET approaching the cost of a SAFOV system. High patient throughput is increased by fast patient positioning between two vertical flat panel detectors of high sensitivity. High spatial resolution (&lt;\u20092\u00a0mm) uniform over the FOV is obtained by using DOI-capable monolithic scintillators.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06341-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T09:03:26Z","timestamp":1689757406000},"page":"3558-3571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Walk-through flat panel total-body PET: a patient-centered design for high throughput imaging at lower cost using DOI-capable high-resolution monolithic detectors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefaan","family":"Vandenberghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence M.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Withofs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Dadgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Maebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Vervenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya Abi","family":"Akl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuangyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Sportelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Belcari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Hustinx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vanhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Karp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6341_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-020-00290-2","volume":"7","author":"S Vandenberghe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vandenberghe S, Moskal P, Karp JS. State of the art in total body PET. EJNMMI Phys. 2020;7(1):35.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"6341_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.229997","volume":"61","author":"JS Karp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karp JS, Viswanath V, Geagan MJ, Muehllehner G, Pantel AR, Parma MJ, et al. PennPET explorer: design and preliminary performance of a whole-body imager. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(1):136.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"6341_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"095007","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/acc722","volume":"68","author":"B Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai B, Daube-Witherspoon ME, McDonald S, Werner ME, Parma MJ, Geagan MJ, et al. Performance evaluation of the PennPET explorer with expanded axial coverage. Phys Med Biol. 2023;68(9):095007.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"key":"6341_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer BA, Berg E, Schmall JP, Omidvari N, Leung EK, Abdelhafez YG, Tang S, Deng Z, Dong Y, Lv Y, Bao J, Liu W, Li H, Jones T, Badawi RD, Cherry SR. Performance evaluation of the uEXPLORER Total-body PET\/CT scanner based on NEMA NU 2-2018 with additional tests to characterize long axial field-of-view PET scanners. J Nucl Med. 2020;jnumed.120.250597.","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.250597"},{"key":"6341_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prenosil GA, Sari H, F\u00fcrstner M, Afshar-Oromieh A, Shi K, Rominger A, Hentschel M. Performance Characteristics of the Biograph Vision Quadra PET\/CT system with long axial field of view using the NEMA NU 2-2018 Standard. J Nucl Med. 2021;jnumed.121.261972.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726744"},{"key":"6341_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherry SR, Badawi RD, Karp JS, Moses WW, Price P, Jones T. Total-body imaging: transforming the role of\u00a0positron emission tomography. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(381).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6169"},{"issue":"4","key":"6341_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2020.06.002","volume":"15","author":"N Efthimiou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Efthimiou N. New challenges for PET image reconstruction for total-body imaging. PET Clin. 2020;15(4):453\u201361.","journal-title":"PET Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"6341_CR8","first-page":"646","volume":"63","author":"AR Pantel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pantel AR, Mankoff DA, Karp JS. Total-body PET: will it change science and practice? J Nucl Med. 2022;63(5):646.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1140","key":"6341_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220357","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220357","volume":"95","author":"ME Daube-Witherspoon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daube-Witherspoon ME, Pantel AR, Pryma DA, Karp JS. Total-body PET: a new paradigm for molecular imaging. Br J Radiol. 2022;95(1140):20220357.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"6341_CR10","unstructured":"Future Market Insights. Digital Journal [Internet]: Molecular Imaging Market Will Expand at an impressive CAGR of Around 11.3% by The End of 2031. 27th May 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.digitaljournal.com\/pr\/molecular-imaging-market-will-expand-at-an-impressive-cagr-of-around-11-3-bythe-end-of-2031."},{"issue":"6","key":"6341_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061040","volume":"11","author":"T Hunger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hunger T, Wanka-Pail E, Brix G, Griebel J. Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT in Smokers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(6):1040.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"6341_CR12","unstructured":"European Health Union: a new EU approach on cancer detection \u2013 screening more and screening better (https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_22_5562) [press release]. 2022. Accessed 14 Nov 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"6341_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1515\/bams-2021-0186","volume":"17","author":"A Alavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alavi A, Werner TJ, St\u0119pie\u0144 E\u0141, Moskal P. Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems. 2021;17(4):203\u201312.","journal-title":"Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"6341_CR14","first-page":"527","volume":"79","author":"K Kitajima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kitajima K, Nakajo M, Kaida H, Minamimoto R, Hirata K, Tsurusaki M, et al. Present and future roles of FDG-PET\/CT imaging in the management of gastrointestinal cancer: an update. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2017;79(4):527\u201343.","journal-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6341_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000521079","volume":"45","author":"KM Pabst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pabst KM, Decker T, Kersting D, Bartel T, Sraieb M, Herrmann K, et al. The future role of PET imaging in metastatic breast cancer. Oncol Res Treat. 2022;45(1\u20132):18\u201325.","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"key":"6341_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315375212","volume-title":"Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work.","author":"S Pheasant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pheasant S, Haslegrave CM. Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. 3rd ed. CRC Press; 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781315375212.","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"6341_CR17","unstructured":"Carra P, Bisogni M, Ciarrocchi E, Morrocchi M, Rosso V, Sportelli G, et al. Performance of monolithic BGO-based detector implementing a neural-network event decoding algorithm for TB-PET applications (May 2022) PSMR-TBP 2022 9th Conference on PET\/MR and SPECT\/MR & Total-body PET workshop: (https:\/\/agenda.infn.it\/event\/28667\/contributions\/169797\/attachments\/91687\/124592\/talk_last.pptx). Accessed 6 June 2022."},{"issue":"15","key":"6341_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155013","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aacec3","volume":"63","author":"S Krishnamoorthy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthy S, Blankemeyer E, Mollet P, Surti S, Van Holen R, Karp JS. Performance evaluation of the MOLECUBES \u03b2-CUBE-a high spatial resolution and high sensitivity small animal PET scanner utilizing monolithic LYSO scintillation detectors. Phys Med Biol. 2018;63(15):155013.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"6341_CR19","unstructured":"Sportelli G, Bisogni MG, Bruschini C, Carra P, Charbon E, Ciarrocchi E, D'Inzeo M, Deprez K, Franchi G, Gramuglia F, Morrocchi M, Perillo L, Puccini A, Ripiccini E, Rosso V, Stockhoff M, Thyssen C, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S, Vansteenkiste E, Belcari N. Towards the ideal PET detector: a scalable architecture with high intrinsic spatial resolution, DOI and sub-200 ps TOF capability. 2021 Virtual NSS\/MIC. Conference Record."},{"key":"6341_CR20","unstructured":"Patent No. 102021000026609. Method and device for the acquisition of gamma photons through neural networks. Deposited at UIBM (Italian Patent and Trademark Office)."},{"key":"6341_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/NSSMIC.2017.8532910","volume":"2017","author":"AJ Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez AJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-Montoro A, Mart\u00ed R, S\u00e1nchez F, Benlloch JM, Implementation of Monolithic Crystals in Stand- Alone Brain PET, and PET-MR Insert, Developments. IEEE NSS\/MIC. Conference Record, Atlanta, GA, USA. 2017;2017:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NSSMIC.2017.8532910.","journal-title":"Conference Record, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"key":"6341_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carra P, Bisogni M, Ciarrocchi E, Morrocchi M, Sportelli G, Rosso V, Belcari N. A neural network-based algorithm for simultaneous event positioning and timestamping in monolithic scintillators. Phys Med Biol. 2022;67(13).","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac72f2"},{"key":"6341_CR23","unstructured":"Vandenberghe S. High throughput cost-efficient flat panel monolithic walk through PET (https:\/\/indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl\/event\/7\/contributions\/682\/). 4th Jagiellonian Symposium on Advances in Particle Physics and Medicine; Krakow, PolandJuly 2022. Accessed 28 Aug 2022."},{"issue":"7","key":"6341_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.215418","volume":"60","author":"J van Sluis","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Sluis J, de Jong J, Schaar J, Noordzij W, van Snick P, Dierckx R, et al. Performance characteristics of the digital biograph vision PET\/CT system. J Nucl Med. 2019;60(7):1031\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"6341_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miyaoka RS, Costa WLS, Lewellen TK, Kohlmyer SK, Kaplan MS, Jansen F, Stearns CW. Coincidence imaging using a standard dual head gamma camera. 1996 IEEE NSS\/MIC. Conference Record, Anaheim, CA, USA, 1996;2:1127\u20131131, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NSSMIC.1996.591591.","DOI":"10.1109\/NSSMIC.1996.591591"},{"issue":"3","key":"6341_CR26","first-page":"432","volume":"40","author":"JA Patton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Patton JA, Turkington TG. Coincidence imaging with a dual-head scintillation camera. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(3):432.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"6341_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asseler YD, Vandenberghe S, Matthews CG, Koole M, Walle RVd, Lemahieu I, Dierckx RA. Three-dimensional geometric sensitivity calculation for three-headed coincidence imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2001;48(4):1446\u20131451.","DOI":"10.1109\/23.958378"},{"key":"6341_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-34641-4_10","volume-title":"Pediatric PET Imaging","author":"G Bal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bal G, Vandenberghe S, Charron M. Coincidence imaging. In: Charron M, editor. Pediatric PET Imaging. Springer, New York: New York, NY; 2006. p. 135\u201371."},{"key":"6341_CR29","unstructured":"Benz RM, Hirschmann A. 3D Imaging of Joints in the Upright Weight-bearing Position using Multitom Rax. J Trauma Treat. 2016;5(1)."},{"key":"6341_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9277","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S210979","volume":"11","author":"A Hadjipanteli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hadjipanteli A, Kontos M, Constantinidou A. The role of digital breast tomosynthesis in breast cancer screening: a manufacturer- and metrics-specific analysis. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:9277\u201396.","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6341_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000603","volume":"55","author":"M Jinzaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jinzaki M, Yamada Y, Nagura T, Nakahara T, Yokoyama Y, Narita K, et al. Development of upright computed tomography with area detector for whole-body scans: phantom study, efficacy on workflow, effect of gravity on human body, and potential clinical impact. Invest Radiol. 2020;55(2):73\u201383.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"6341_CR32","unstructured":"FONAR. Upright MRI specifications (http:\/\/www.fonar.com\/specifications.html). Accessed 22 July2022."},{"issue":"11","key":"6341_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa6a49","volume":"62","author":"SE Brunner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brunner SE, Schaart DR. BGO as a hybrid scintillator \/ Cherenkov radiator for cost-effective time-of-flight PET. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62(11):4421\u201339.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6341_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab63b4","volume":"65","author":"S Gundacker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gundacker S, Martinez Turtos R, Kratochwil N, Pots RH, Paganoni M, Lecoq P, et al. Experimental time resolution limits of modern SiPMs and TOF-PET detectors exploring different scintillators and Cherenkov emission. Phys Med Biol. 2020;65(2):025001.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"15","key":"6341_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155014","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac1459","volume":"66","author":"M Stockhoff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stockhoff M, Decuyper M, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S. High-resolution monolithic LYSO detector with 6-layer depth-of-interaction for clinical PET. Phys Med Biol. 2021;66(15):155014.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6341_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2021.3059181","volume":"5","author":"A Gonzalez-Montoro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Montoro A, Gonzalez AJ, Pourashraf S, Miyaoka RS, Bruyndonckx P, Chinn G, et al. Evolution of PET detectors and event positioning algorithms using monolithic scintillation crystals. IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci. 2021;5(3):282\u2013305.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"6341_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125016","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac73d3","volume":"67","author":"J Maebe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maebe J, Vandenberghe S. Simulation study on 3D convolutional neural networks for time-of-flight prediction in monolithic PET detectors using digitized waveforms. Phys Med Biol. 2022;67(12):125016.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6341_CR38","first-page":"1179","volume":"62","author":"M Vangu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vangu M, Purbhoo K, Liu H. Clinical potential for artificial intelligence in PET imaging: phase 1 result of dose reduction using deep learning reconstruction. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(1):1179.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6341_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-022-00431-9","volume":"9","author":"Y Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing Y, Qiao W, Wang T, Wang Y, Li C, Lv Y, et al. Deep learning-assisted PET imaging achieves fast scan\/low-dose examination. EJNMMI Phys. 2022;9(1):7.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"6341_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05981-9","volume":"50","author":"S Vandenberghe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vandenberghe S, Karakatsanis NA, Akl MA, Maebe J, Surti S, Dierckx RA, Pryma DA, Nehmeh SA, Bouhali O, Karp JS. The potential of a medium-cost long axial FOV PET system for nuclear medicine departments. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(3):652\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"6341_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.231845","volume":"61","author":"AR Pantel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Daube-Witherspoon ME, Dubroff JG, Muehllehner G, Parma MJ, et al. PennPET explorer: human imaging on a whole-body imager. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(1):144\u201351.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6341_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14046","volume":"47","author":"SA Zein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zein SA, Karakatsanis NA, Issa M, Haj-Ali AA, Nehmeh SA. Physical performance of a long axial field-of-view PET scanner prototype with sparse rings configuration: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Med Phys. 2020;47(4):1949\u201357.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"6341_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105010","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac6aa1","volume":"67","author":"NA Karakatsanis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karakatsanis NA, Nehmeh MH, Conti M, Bal G, Gonz\u00e1lez AJ, Nehmeh SA. Physical performance of adaptive axial FOV PET scanners with a sparse detector block rings or a checkerboard configuration. Phys Med Biol. 2022;67(10):105010.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6341_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2020.3027257","volume":"5","author":"ME Daube-Witherspoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daube-Witherspoon ME, Viswanath V, Werner ME, Karp JS. Performance Characteristics of long axial field-of-view PET scanners with axial gaps. IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci. 2021;5(3):322\u201330.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci"},{"key":"6341_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.5506\/APhysPolB.48.1567","volume":"48","author":"S Nied'zwiecki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nied\u2019zwiecki S, Bialas P, Curceanu C, Czerwi\u2019nski E, Dulski K, Gajos A, et al. J-PET: a new technology for the whole-body PET imaging. Acta Phys Pol, B. 2017;48:1567.","journal-title":"Acta Phys Pol, B"},{"issue":"17","key":"6341_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175015","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac16bd","volume":"66","author":"P Moskal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moskal P, Kowalski P, Shopa RY, Raczy\u0144ski L, Baran J, Chug N, et al. Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner\u2014an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators. Phys Med Biol. 2021;66(17):175015.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6341_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33562-9","volume":"13","author":"R Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo R, Xue S, Hu J, Sari H, Mingels C, Zeimpekis K, Prenosil G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Viscione M, Sznitman R, Rominger A, Li B, Shi K. Using domain knowledge for robust and generalizable deep learning-based CT-free PET attenuation and scatter correction. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):5882.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"6341_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/5\/014","volume":"40","author":"JS Karp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Karp JS, Muehllehner G, Qu H, Yan X-H. Singles transmission in volume-imaging PET with a 137-Cs source. Phys Med Biol. 1995;40(5):929\u201344.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6341_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590050282","volume":"25","author":"DL Bailey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bailey DL. Transmission scanning in emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25(7):774\u201387.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"key":"6341_CR50","unstructured":"Staelens S, Vandenberghe S, Koole M, Strul D, Santin G, Steendam H, D'Asseler Y, Dierckx R, Lemahieu I, Van de Walle R. Monte Carlo Simulations of Transmission Measurements with a Medium Energy Moving Point Source. Eur J Nucl Med. 2003;30."},{"issue":"2","key":"6341_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.125989","volume":"55","author":"P Mollet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mollet P, Keereman V, Bini J, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Fayad ZA, Vandenberghe S. Improvement of attenuation correction in time-of-flight PET\/MR imaging with a positron-emitting source. J Nucl Med. 2014;55(2):329.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06341-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06341-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06341-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T09:08:33Z","timestamp":1696324113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06341-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06341-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee of the CHU of Liege and written informed consent was obtained from all patients (number: B7072022000034; EudraCT 2022\u2013002995-35).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}