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However, the gold standard for quantification requires invasive arterial blood sampling, limiting its widespread use. Here, we introduce a novel fPET method without the need for an input function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We validated the approach using two datasets (DS). For DS1, 52 volunteers (23.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3\u00a0years, 24 females) performed Tetris\u00ae during a [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG fPET scan (bolus\u2009+\u2009constant infusion). For DS2, 18 participants (24.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u00a0years, 8 females) performed an eyes-open\/finger tapping task (constant infusion). Task-specific changes in metabolism were assessed with the general linear model (GLM) and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlu) was quantified with the Patlak plot as reference. We then estimated simplified outcome parameters, including GLM beta values and percent signal change (%SC), and compared them, region and whole-brain-wise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed higher agreement with the reference for DS1 than DS2. Both DS resulted in strong correlations between regional task-specific beta estimates and CMRGlu (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.763\u20260.912). %SC of beta values exhibited strong agreement with %SC of CMRGlu (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.909\u20260.999). Average activation maps showed a high spatial similarity between CMRGlu and beta estimates (Dice\u2009=\u20090.870\u20260.979) as well as %SC (Dice\u2009=\u20090.932\u20260.997), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The non-invasive method reliably estimates task-specific changes in glucose metabolism without blood sampling. This streamlines fPET, albeit with the trade-off of being unable to quantify baseline metabolism. The simplification enhances its applicability in research and clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06675-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:28:42Z","timestamp":1710548922000},"page":"2283-2292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Non-invasive assessment of stimulation-specific changes in cerebral glucose metabolism with functional PET"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9739-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godber Mathis","family":"Godbersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Falb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8521-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leo R.","family":"Silberbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray Bruce","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1034-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Nics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupert","family":"Lanzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4165-2","volume":"45","author":"A Verger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verger A, Guedj E. 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Procedures were carried out in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study related to DS1 has been registered at ClinicalTrials.com (clinical trials identifier: NCT03485066).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All participants gave their written informed consent for participation after extensive instruction about the respective study\u2019s protocol.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"RL received investigator-initiated research funding from Siemens Healthcare regarding clinical research using PET\/MR. He is a shareholder of the start-up company BM Health GmbH since 2019. M. Hacker received consulting fees and\/or honoraria from Bayer Healthcare BMS, Eli Lilly, EZAG, GE Healthcare, Ipsen, ITM, Janssen, Roche, and Siemens Healthineers. All other authors report no conflict of interest in relation to this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}