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Accurate quantification of fPET relies on measuring the arterial input function (AIF), traditionally achieved through invasive arterial blood sampling. While non-invasive image-derived input functions (IDIF) offer an alternative, they suffer from limited spatial resolution and field of view. To overcome these issues, we developed and validated a scan protocol for brain fPET utilizing cardiac IDIF, aiming to mitigate known IDIF limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty healthy individuals underwent fPET\/MR scans using [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG or 6-[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDOPA, utilizing bed motion shuttling to capture cardiac IDIF and brain task-induced changes. Arterial and venous blood sampling was used to validate IDIFs. Participants performed a monetary incentive delay task. IDIFs from various blood pools and composites estimated from a linear fit over all IDIF blood pools (3VOI) and further supplemented with venous blood samples (3VOIVB) were compared to the AIF. Quantitative task-specific images from both tracers were compared to assess the performance of each input function to the gold standard.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For both radiotracer cohorts, moderate to high agreement (r: 0.60\u20130.89) between IDIFs and AIF for both radiotracer cohorts was observed, with further improvement (r: 0.87\u20130.93) for composite IDIFs (3VOI and 3VOIVB). Both methods showed equivalent quantitative values and high agreement (r: 0.975\u20130.998) with AIF-derived measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our proposed protocol enables accurate non-invasive estimation of the input function with full quantification of task-specific changes, addressing the limitations of IDIF for brain imaging by sampling larger blood pools over the thorax. These advancements increase applicability to any PET scanner and clinical research setting by reducing experimental complexity and increasing patient comfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06716-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:02:20Z","timestamp":1714176140000},"page":"2625-2637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Validation of cardiac image-derived input functions for functional PET quantification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray Bruce","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3524-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Anna","family":"Handschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Murga\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2059-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gomola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1347-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Milz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3400-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Eggerstorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Aichinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9739-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godber Mathis","family":"Godbersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1034-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Nics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1118-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Traub-Weidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupert","family":"Lanzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6716_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.047787","volume":"49","author":"JW Fletcher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fletcher JW, Djulbegovic B, Soares HP, Siegel BA, Lowe VJ, Lyman GH, et al. 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Lanzenberger received travel grants and\/or conference speaker honoraria within the last three years from Bruker BioSpin MR, Heel, and support from Siemens Healthcare regarding clinical research using PET\/MR. He is a shareholder of the start-up company BM Health GmbH since 2019. M. Hacker received consulting fees and\/or honoraria from Bayer Healthcare BMS, Eli Lilly, EZAG, GE Healthcare, Ipsen, ITM, Janssen, Roche, and Siemens Healthineers. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article exist.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Participants were reimbursed and insured during the study. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical University of Vienna (ethics numbers: 2259\/2017 and 2321\/2019) and all procedures were carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"At the screening visit, all participants provided written informed consent after detailed explanation of the study protocol.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}