{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:14:23Z","timestamp":1790583263447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003958","name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bacterial infections are a major problem in medicine, and the rapid and accurate detection of such infections is essential for optimal patient outcome. Bacterial infections can be diagnosed by nuclear imaging, but most currently available modalities are unable to discriminate infection from sterile inflammation. Bacteria-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have the potential to overcome this hurdle. In the present study, we compared three <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-labelled PET tracers based on the clinically applied antibiotic vancomycin for targeted imaging of Gram-positive bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FB-NHS and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BODIPY-FL-NHS were conjugated to vancomycin. The resulting conjugates, together with our previously developed [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin, were tested for stability, lipophilicity, selective binding to Gram-positive bacteria, antimicrobial activity and biodistribution. For the first time, the pharmacokinetic properties of all three tracers were compared in healthy animals to identify potential binding sites.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FB-vancomycin, [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin, and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin were successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 11.7%, 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FB-vancomycin exhibited poor in vitro and in vivo stability and, accordingly, no bacterial binding. In contrast, [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin showed strong and specific binding to Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), which was outcompeted by unlabeled vancomycin only at concentrations exceeding clinically relevant vancomycin blood levels. Biodistribution showed renal clearance of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin with low non-specific accumulation in muscles, fat and bones.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here we present the synthesis and first evaluation of the vancomycin-based PET tracers [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin for image-guided detection of Gram-positive bacteria. Our study paves the way towards real-time bacteria-targeted diagnosis of soft tissue and implant-associated infections that are oftentimes caused by Gram-positive bacteria, even after prophylactic treatment with vancomycin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06717-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T03:09:15Z","timestamp":1713755355000},"page":"2583-2596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel 18F-vancomycin-based tracers for the detection of bacterial infections using positron emission tomography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"G. B.","family":"Spoelstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. N.","family":"Blok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Reali Nazario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Noord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Simeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. F. A.","family":"IJpma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"van Oosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"van Dijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. L.","family":"Feringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Szymanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. H.","family":"Elsinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6717_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800516","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800516","volume":"23","author":"C Suetens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suetens C, Latour K, Karki T, Ricchizzi E, Kinross P, Moro ML, et al. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2018;23:1800516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800516.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"6717_CR2","first-page":"172","volume":"4","author":"EV Finlayson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Finlayson EV, Birkmeyer JD. Operative mortality with elective surgery in older adults. Eff Clin Pract. 2001;4:172\u20137.","journal-title":"Eff Clin Pract"},{"key":"6717_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.028","volume":"210","author":"MA Makary","year":"2010","unstructured":"Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:901\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.028.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"6717_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corrigan RA, Sliepen J, Dudareva M, IJpma FFA, Govaert G, Atkins BL, et al. Causative pathogens do not differ between early, delayed or late fracture-related infections. Antibiot (Basel). 2022;11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11070943.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070943"},{"key":"6717_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00013-14","volume":"78","author":"D Lebeaux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lebeaux D, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Biofilm-related infections: bridging the gap between clinical management and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014;78:510\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00013-14.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"6717_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.03.024","volume":"53","author":"J Onsea","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onsea J, Van Lieshout EMM, Zalavras C, Sliepen J, Depypere M, Noppe N, et al. Validation of the diagnostic criteria of the consensus definition of fracture-related infection. Injury. 2022;53:1867\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2022.03.024.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"6717_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","volume":"49","author":"WJ Metsemakers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metsemakers WJ, Morgenstern M, McNally MA, Moriarty TF, McFadyen I, Scarborough M, et al. Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group. Injury. 2018;49:505\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"6717_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180092","volume":"4","author":"P Izakovicova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Izakovicova P, Borens O, Trampuz A. Periprosthetic joint infection: current concepts and outlook. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4:482\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180092.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"6717_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1086\/318704","volume":"32","author":"DR Murdoch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murdoch DR, Roberts SA, Fowler VG Jr., Shah MA, Taylor SL, Morris AJ, et al. Infection of orthopedic prostheses after Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:647\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/318704.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6717_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035415","volume":"350","author":"RO Darouiche","year":"2004","unstructured":"Darouiche RO. Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1422\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra035415.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6717_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.99","volume":"15","author":"H Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo H, Allan RN, Howlin RP, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L. Targeting microbial biofilms: current and prospective therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017;15:740\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.99.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2016_158","volume":"971","author":"CL Romano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romano CL, Romano D, Morelli I, Drago L. The Concept of Biofilm-Related Implant Malfunction and Low-Grade infection. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;971:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/5584_2016_158.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"6717_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934485","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.934485","volume":"12","author":"M Depypere","year":"2022","unstructured":"Depypere M, Sliepen J, Onsea J, Debaveye Y, Govaert GAM, IJpma FFA, et al. The Microbiological etiology of fracture-related infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:934485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.934485.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1771-1776.1999","volume":"37","author":"H Ceri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ceri H, Olson ME, Stremick C, Read RR, Morck D, Buret A. The Calgary Biofilm device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:1771\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1771-1776.1999.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2021.2011132","volume":"48","author":"CWK Rosman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosman CWK, van Dijl JM, Sjollema J. Interactions between the foreign body reaction and Staphylococcus aureus biomaterial-associated infection. Winning strategies in the derby on biomaterial implant surfaces. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2022;48:624\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1040841X.2021.2011132.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-05","volume":"19","author":"KK Hall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall KK, Lyman JA. Updated review of blood culture contamination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:788\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00062-05.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"6717_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jakobsen TH, Xu Y, Bay L, Schonheyder HC, Jakobsen T, Bjarnsholt T, et al. Sampling challenges in diagnosis of chronic bacterial infections. J Med Microbiol. 2021;70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001302.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001302"},{"key":"6717_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.05.007","volume":"24","author":"N Peker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peker N, Couto N, Sinha B, Rossen JW. Diagnosis of bloodstream infections from positive blood cultures and directly from blood samples: recent developments in molecular approaches. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24:944\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.05.007.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"6717_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0729","volume":"116","author":"I Suarez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suarez I, Funger SM, Kroger S, Rademacher J, Fatkenheuer G, Rybniker J. The diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019;116:729\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0729.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"6717_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tucker EW, Guglieri-Lopez B, Ordonez AA, Ritchie B, Klunk MH, Sharma R, et al. Noninvasive [11C]rifampin positron emission tomography reveals drug biodistribution in tuberculous meningitis. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau0965.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau0965"},{"key":"6717_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-019-00317-4","volume":"7","author":"MM Welling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Welling MM, Hensbergen AW, Bunschoten A, Velders AH, Roestenberg M, van Leeuwen FWB. An update on radiotracer development for molecular imaging of bacterial infections. Clin Translational Imaging. 2019;7:105\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40336-019-00317-4.","journal-title":"Clin Translational Imaging"},{"key":"6717_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3683-7","volume":"44","author":"GA Govaert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Govaert GA, IJpma FFA, McNally M, McNally E, Reininga IH, Glaudemans AW. Accuracy of diagnostic imaging modalities for peripheral post-traumatic osteomyelitis - a systematic review of the recent literature. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44:1393\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-017-3683-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"6717_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2017.11.003","volume":"48","author":"AA Ordonez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ordonez AA, Jain SK. Pathogen-Specific bacterial imaging in Nuclear Medicine. Semin Nucl Med. 2018;48:182\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2017.11.003.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax8251","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax8251","volume":"11","author":"AA Ordonez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ordonez AA, Sellmyer MA, Gowrishankar G, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Tucker EW, Palestro CJ, et al. Molecular imaging of bacterial infections: overcoming the barriers to clinical translation. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11:eaax8251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax8251.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Northrup JD, Mach RH, Sellmyer MA. Radiochemical approaches to Imaging Bacterial infections: intracellular versus extracellular targets. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20225808.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225808"},{"key":"6717_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08415-x","volume":"7","author":"KD Neumann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neumann KD, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Mutch CA, Flavell RR, Blecha JE, Kwak T, et al. Imaging active infection in vivo using D-Amino acid derived PET radiotracers. Sci Rep. 2017;7:7903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-08415-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6717_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.12.002","volume":"53","author":"SK Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain SK. New approaches for imaging Bacteria. Semin Nucl Med. 2023;53:138\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.12.002.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pijl JP, Kwee TC, Slart R, Glaudemans AW. PET\/CT Imaging for Personalized Management of Infectious diseases. J Pers Med. 2021;11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11020133.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11020133"},{"key":"6717_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.07.002","volume":"53","author":"ND van Rijsewijk","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Rijsewijk ND, IJpma FFA, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Glaudemans AW. Molecular Imaging of Fever of unknown origin: an update. Semin Nucl Med. 2023;53:4\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.07.002.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2015.02.005","volume":"45","author":"AW Glaudemans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glaudemans AW, Israel O, Slart RH. Pitfalls and limitations of Radionuclide and Hybrid Imaging in infection and inflammation. Semin Nucl Med. 2015;45:500\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2015.02.005.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1393-5","volume":"37","author":"M Roca","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roca M, de Vries EF, Jamar F, Israel O, Signore A. Guidelines for the labelling of leucocytes with [111In]oxine. Inflammation\/Infection taskgroup of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:835\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-010-1393-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"6717_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-011-0521-z","volume":"25","author":"A Signore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Signore A, Glaudemans AW. The molecular imaging approach to image infections and inflammation by nuclear medicine techniques. Ann Nucl Med. 2011;25:681\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12149-011-0521-z.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04378-5","volume":"46","author":"AW Glaudemans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glaudemans AW, Bosch P, Slart R, IJpma FFA, Govaert GAM. Diagnosing fracture-related infections: can we optimize our nuclear imaging techniques? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1583\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-019-04378-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"6717_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259ra146","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009815","volume":"6","author":"EA Weinstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weinstein EA, Ordonez AA, DeMarco VP, Murawski AM, Pokkali S, MacDonald EM, et al. Imaging Enterobacteriaceae infection in vivo with [18F]fluorodeoxysorbitol positron emission tomography. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:259ra146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009815.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2023.151581","volume":"313","author":"LM Braams","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braams LM, Sijbesma JWA, Boersma HH, van Dijl JM, Elsinga PH, Glaudemans AW, et al. Preclinical evaluation of 2-[18F]fluorodeoxysorbitol as a tracer for targeted imaging of Enterobacterales infection. Int J Med Microbiol. 2023;313:151581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmm.2023.151581.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703109114","volume":"114","author":"MA Sellmyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sellmyer MA, Lee I, Hou C, Weng CC, Li S, Lieberman BP, et al. Bacterial infection imaging with [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:8372\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1703109114.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6717_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-004-1646-2","volume":"32","author":"O Langer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langer O, Brunner M, Zeitlinger M, Ziegler S, Muller U, Dobrozemsky G, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of [18F]ciprofloxacin for the imaging of bacterial infections with PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32:143\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-004-1646-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"6717_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167425","volume":"11","author":"A Vito","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vito A, Alarabi H, Czorny S, Beiraghi O, Kent J, Janzen N, et al. A 99mTc-Labelled tetrazine for Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Synthesis and Biodistribution studies with small molecule trans-cyclooctene derivatives. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0167425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167425.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6717_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"AR Jalilian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jalilian AR, Hosseini MA, Majdabadi A, Saddadi F. Evaluation of [201Tl](III)vancomycin in normal rats. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2008;11:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur"},{"key":"6717_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00217","volume":"2","author":"E Rubinstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rubinstein E, Keynan Y. Vancomycin revisited \u2013\u200960 years later. Front Public Health. 2014;2:217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00217.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"6717_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201610926","volume":"56","author":"C Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang C, Ren C, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Huang F, et al. Dual fluorescent- and isotopic-labelled self-assembling vancomycin for in vivo imaging of bacterial infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2017;56:2356\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201610926.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"6717_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04745-x","volume":"6","author":"B Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang B, Phetsang W, Stone MRL, Kc S, Butler MS, Cooper MA, et al. Synthesis of Vancomycin fluorescent probes that retain antimicrobial activity, identify Gram-positive bacteria, and detect Gram-negative outer membrane damage. Commun Biol. 2023;6:409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-023-04745-x.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"6717_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3584","volume":"4","author":"M van Oosten","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Oosten M, Schafer T, Gazendam JA, Ohlsen K, Tsompanidou E, de Goffau MC, et al. Real-time in vivo imaging of invasive- and biomaterial-associated bacterial infections using fluorescently labelled Vancomycin. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms3584.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"6717_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10041","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c02229","volume":"143","author":"Y Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu Y, Helbert H, Simeth NA, Crespi S, Spoelstra GB, van Dijl JM, et al. Ultrafast Photoclick reaction for selective 18F-Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Synthesis in Flow. J Am Chem Soc. 2021;143:10041\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.1c02229.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"6717_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-34-1-31","volume":"34","author":"KH Schleifer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schleifer KH, Kilpperbalz R. Transfer of Streptococcus-faecalis and Streptococcus-faecium to the Genus Enterococcus Nom Rev as Enterococcus-Faecalis comb-Nov and Enterococcus-Faecium comb-Nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1984;34:31\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-34-1-31.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"6717_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-3-915","volume":"51","author":"S Brisse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brisse S, Verhoef J. Phylogenetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolates revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, gyrA and parC genes sequencing and automated ribotyping. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2001;51:915\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-51-3-915.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/130.5.454","volume":"130","author":"LB Reller","year":"1974","unstructured":"Reller LB, Schoenknecht FD, Kenny MA, Sherris JC. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: selection of a control strain and criteria for magnesium and calcium content in media. J Infect Dis. 1974;130:454\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/130.5.454.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6717_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5113","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003","volume":"41","author":"LK McDougal","year":"2003","unstructured":"McDougal LK, Steward CD, Killgore GE, Chaitram JM, McAllister SK, Tenover FC. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States: establishing a national database. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5113\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.6.996-1006.1985","volume":"22","author":"GD Christensen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Younger JJ, Baddour LM, Barrett FF, Melton DM, et al. Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;22:996\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.22.6.996-1006.1985.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"6717_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/18.5.437","volume":"18","author":"AC Evans","year":"1916","unstructured":"Evans AC. The Bacteria of milk freshly drawn from normal udders. J Infect Dis. 1916;18:437\u201376.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6717_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.091306","volume":"53","author":"V Di Gialleonardo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Di Gialleonardo V, Signore A, Glaudemans AW, Dierckx RA, De Vries EF. N-(4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl)interleukin-2 for PET of human-activated T lymphocytes. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:679\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.111.091306.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"6717_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.5984","volume":"3","author":"S Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu S, Lin TP, Li D, Leamer L, Shan H, Li Z, et al. Lewis acid-assisted isotopic 18F-19F exchange in BODIPY dyes: facile generation of positron emission tomography\/fluorescence dual modality agents for tumor imaging. Theranostics. 2013;3:181\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.5984.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"6717_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22071","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c02094","volume":"5","author":"F Reessing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reessing F, Bispo M, Lopez-Alvarez M, van Oosten M, Feringa BL, van Dijl JM, et al. A facile and reproducible synthesis of Near-Infrared fluorescent conjugates with small targeting molecules for microbial infection imaging. ACS Omega. 2020;5:22071\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c02094.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"6717_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4917","DOI":"10.1016\/s0040-4039(98)00895-8","volume":"39","author":"T Staroske","year":"1998","unstructured":"Staroske T, Williams DH. Synthesis of covalent head-to-tail dimers of Vancomycin. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998;39:4917\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0040-4039(98)00895-8.","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"6717_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2013","volume":"37","author":"RA Dave","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dave RA, Morris ME. A quantitative threshold for high\/low extent of urinary excretion of compounds in humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2016;37:287\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdd.2013.","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"6717_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198611040-00001","volume":"11","author":"GR Matzke","year":"1986","unstructured":"Matzke GR, Zhanel GG, Guay DR. Clinical pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1986;11:257\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-198611040-00001.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"6717_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05695-y","volume":"49","author":"M Lopez-Alvarez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopez-Alvarez M, Heuker M, Sjollema KA, van Dam GM, van Dijl JM, IJpma FFA, et al. Bacteria-targeted fluorescence imaging of extracted osteosynthesis devices for rapid visualization of fracture-related infections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49:2276\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-022-05695-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"6717_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2016.01.002","volume":"43","author":"C Xavier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xavier C, Blykers A, Vaneycken I, D\u2019Huyvetter M, Heemskerk J, Lahoutte T, et al. 18F-nanobody for PET imaging of HER2 overexpressing tumors. Nucl Med Biol. 2016;43:247\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2016.01.002.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol"},{"key":"6717_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28511","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02879","volume":"8","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Lin W, Tan S, Wang Y, Wu W, Lu Z. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of Novel vancomycin derivatives containing quaternary ammonium moieties. ACS Omega. 2023;8:28511\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c02879.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"6717_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.0c00091","volume":"15","author":"P Sarkar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarkar P, Samaddar S, Ammanathan V, Yarlagadda V, Ghosh C, Shukla M, et al. Vancomycin Derivative inactivates Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and induces autophagy. ACS Chem Biol. 2020;15:884\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschembio.0c00091.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"6717_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10226","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00565","volume":"66","author":"J Brcic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brcic J, Tong A, Wender PA, Cegelski L. Conjugation of Vancomycin with a single arginine improves efficacy against Mycobacteria by more effective Peptidoglycan Targeting. J Med Chem. 2023;66:10226\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00565.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"6717_CR62","volume-title":"Committee for Medicinal products for Human Use","author":"Assessment report","year":"2017","unstructured":"Assessment report. Vancomcyin containing medicinal products (EMEA\/H\/A-31\/1440) - accessed 1-12-2023. Committee for Medicinal products for Human Use. London, UK): European Medicines Agency; 2017."},{"key":"6717_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4844","DOI":"10.1021\/jm900403j","volume":"52","author":"MV Varma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Varma MV, Feng B, Obach RS, Troutman MD, Chupka J, Miller HR, et al. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance. J Med Chem. 2009;52:4844\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm900403j.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"6717_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballard P, Brassil P, Bui KH, Dolgos H, Petersson C, Tunek A et al. Chapter 10 - Metabolism and pharmacokinetic optimization strategies in drug discovery. In: Hill RG, Rang HP, editors. Drug Discovery and Development (Second Edition): Churchill Livingstone; 2013. pp. 135\u2009\u2013\u200955.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4299-7.00010-X"},{"key":"6717_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks495","volume":"68","author":"SJ Vandecasteele","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vandecasteele SJ, De Vriese AS, Tacconelli E. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin in clinical practice: evidence and uncertainties. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68:743\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dks495.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"6717_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.57.4.679","volume":"57","author":"C Rousselle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rousselle C, Clair P, Lefauconnier JM, Kaczorek M, Scherrmann JM, Temsamani J. New advances in the transport of doxorubicin through the blood-brain barrier by a peptide vector-mediated strategy. Mol Pharmacol. 2000;57:679\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.57.4.679.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06717-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06717-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06717-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T15:03:37Z","timestamp":1720105417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06717-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["6717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06717-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal study was reviewed and approved by the Competent Authority (Centrale Commissie Dierproeven, CCD, The Hague, The Netherlands). Animal experiments were performed in accordance with UMCG and national regulations (IvD protocol number 2114768-01-001).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no personal competing interests. However, it should be noticed that funding was in part provided by Stryker European Operations Ltd., and that the project was supported by a user committee of Stryker European Operations Ltd. and Siemens AG.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}