{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:20:02Z","timestamp":1790169602149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82202958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shandong Postdoctoral Innovation Program","award":["SDCX-ZG-202302011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDCX-ZG-202302011"]}]},{"name":"the foundation of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong","award":["ZR2021LSW002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021LSW002"]}]},{"name":"Science Technology Program of Jinan","award":["No. 202225019\uff0cNo. 202225013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 202225019\uff0cNo. 202225013"]}]},{"name":"Higher Educational Institutions Youth Innovation Science and Technology Support Program of Shandong Province","award":["2023KJL004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJL004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M734299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M734299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06743-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T06:02:01Z","timestamp":1715061721000},"page":"3161-3175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["[18F]AlF-NOTA-PCP2: a novel PET\/CT tracer for enhanced PD-L1 heterogeneity imaging and comparative analysis with [18F]AlF-NOTA-WL12 in glioblastoma xenografts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"6743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00679-1","volume":"19","author":"I Noorani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noorani I, Mischel PS, Swanton C. Leveraging extrachromosomal DNA to fine-tune trials of targeted therapy for glioblastoma: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19(11):733\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.006","volume":"186","author":"P Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma P, et al. Immune checkpoint therapy-current perspectives and future directions. Cell. 2023;186(8):1652\u201369.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"6743_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1024","volume":"6","author":"DA Reardon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reardon DA, et al. Effect of Nivolumab vs Bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: the CheckMate 143 phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(7):1003\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6743_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0349-y","volume":"25","author":"J Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao J, et al. Immune and genomic correlates of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):462\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6743_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0339-5","volume":"25","author":"KA Schalper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schalper KA, et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab modifies the tumor immune microenvironment in resectable glioblastoma. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):470\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"6743_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.054","volume":"185","author":"V Venkataramani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Venkataramani V, et al. Glioblastoma hijacks neuronal mechanisms for brain invasion. Cell. 2022;185(16):2899\u2013e291731.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"6743_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0025-8","volume":"14","author":"ML Broekman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broekman ML, et al. Multidimensional communication in the microenvirons of glioblastoma. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(8):482\u201395.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.036","volume":"180","author":"F Jacob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacob F, et al. A patient-derived Glioblastoma Organoid Model and Biobank recapitulates Inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Cell. 2020;180(1):188\u2013e20422.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"6743_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy014","volume":"29","author":"J Adam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adam J, et al. Multicenter harmonization study for PD-L1 immunohistochemical testing in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(4):953\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6743_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00473-5","volume":"18","author":"DB Doroshow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doroshow DB, et al. PD-L1 as a biomarker of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18(6):345\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6743_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0255-8","volume":"24","author":"F Bensch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bensch F, et al. (89)Zr-atezolizumab imaging as a non-invasive approach to assess clinical response to PD-L1 blockade in cancer. Nat Med. 2018;24(12):1852\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6743_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu W et al. Non-invasive measurement of PD-L1 status and prediction of immunotherapy response using deep learning of PET\/CT images. J Immunother Cancer, 2021. 9(6).","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002118"},{"issue":"13","key":"6743_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05876-9","volume":"49","author":"M Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou M, et al. Preclinical and first-in-human evaluation of (18)F-labeled D-peptide antagonist for PD-L1 status imaging with PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49(13):4312\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"6743_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.240895","volume":"61","author":"MC Huisman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huisman MC, et al. Quantification of PD-L1 expression with (18)F-BMS-986192 PET\/CT in patients with Advanced-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(10):1455\u201360.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"6743_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.262967","volume":"63","author":"A Bouleau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouleau A, et al. Optimizing Immuno-PET Imaging of Tumor PD-L1 expression: pharmacokinetic, Biodistribution, and dosimetric comparisons of (89)Zr-Labeled Anti-PD-L1 antibody formats. J Nucl Med. 2022;63(8):1259\u201365.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6743_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.262045","volume":"63","author":"X Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou X, et al. First-in-humans evaluation of a PD-L1-Binding peptide PET Radiotracer in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2022;63(4):536\u201342.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.12.156","volume":"483","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, et al. Rapid PD-L1 detection in tumors with PET using a highly specific peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;483(1):258\u201363.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"6743_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.127901","volume":"40","author":"J Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang J, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of PD-L1 expression using copper 64 labeled peptide WL12 by micro-PET imaging in Chinese hamster ovary cell tumor model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2021;40:127901.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"6743_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar D et al. Pharmacodynamic measures within tumors expose differential activity of PD(L)-1 antibody therapeutics Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021. 118(37).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107982118"},{"issue":"3","key":"6743_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1931","volume":"29","author":"A Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra A, et al. Gallium-68-labeled peptide PET quantifies Tumor exposure of PD-L1 therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res. 2023;29(3):581\u201391.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"6743_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RE00144A","volume":"5","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Z, et al. Optimization, automation and validation of the large-scale radiosynthesis of Al 18 F tracers in a custom-made automatic platform for high yield. Reaction Chem Eng. 2020;5(8):1441\u20139.","journal-title":"Reaction Chem Eng"},{"key":"6743_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.141080","volume":"456","author":"Z Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu Z, et al. Custom-built automated radiosynthesis platform for Al [18F] F radiochemistry and its application for clinical production. Chem Eng J. 2023;456:141080.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01819-0","volume":"16","author":"S Nie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nie S, et al. Determining optimal clinical target volume margins in high-grade glioma based on microscopic tumor extension and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiat Oncol. 2021;16(1):97.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"6743_CR24","unstructured":"Miller MM, Patrick Allen CMM, Bowsher MS, Boy KM, Gillis EP, Langley DR, Mull E, Poirier MA, Nishith Sanghvi, Li-Qiang Sun DJ, Tenney, Kap-Sun Yeung J, Zhu PC, Reid, Paul Michael Scola, Macrocyclic inhibitors of the pd-1\/pd-l1 and cd80(b7-1)\/pd-l1 protein\/protein interactions, B.-M. Squibb, Editor. 2014, Bristol-Myers Squibb."},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02143-w","volume":"19","author":"S Nie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nie S, et al. Clinicopathologic analysis of microscopic tumor extension in glioma for external beam radiotherapy planning. BMC Med. 2021;19(1):269.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0002","volume":"21","author":"C Horbinski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Horbinski C, et al. NCCN Guidelines(R) insights: Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 2.2022. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2023;21(1):12\u201320.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"9","key":"6743_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.05.013","volume":"13","author":"MS Tsao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsao MS, et al. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry comparability study in real-life clinical samples: results of Blueprint phase 2 project. J Thorac Oncol. 2018;13(9):1302\u201311.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6743_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.04.026","volume":"15","author":"L Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong L, et al. Programmed death-ligand 1 heterogeneity and its impact on Benefit from Immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol. 2020;15(9):1449\u201359.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6743_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw289","volume":"27","author":"AS Mansfield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mansfield AS, et al. Temporal and spatial discordance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression and lymphocyte tumor infiltration between paired primary lesions and brain metastases in lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(10):1953\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6743_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0449-y","volume":"120","author":"JH Rasmussen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasmussen JH, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2019;120(10):1003\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv489","volume":"27","author":"M Ilie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ilie M, et al. Comparative study of the PD-L1 status between surgically resected specimens and matched biopsies of NSCLC patients reveal major discordances: a potential issue for anti-PD-L1 therapeutic strategies. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(1):147\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6743_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001013","volume":"42","author":"A Gagne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gagne A, et al. Comprehensive Assessment of PD-L1 Staining Heterogeneity in Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas using tissue microarrays: impact of the Architecture Pattern and the number of cores. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(5):687\u201394.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"54","key":"6743_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30465","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25770","volume":"9","author":"E Munari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munari E, et al. PD-L1 expression comparison between primary and relapsed non-small cell lung carcinoma using whole sections and clone SP263. Oncotarget. 2018;9(54):30465\u201371.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"6743_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.213","volume":"30","author":"TJ Gniadek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gniadek TJ, et al. Heterogeneous expression of PD-L1 in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: implications for assessment by small biopsy. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(4):530\u20138.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6743_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3946","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00399","volume":"15","author":"RA De Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Silva RA, et al. Peptide-based (68)Ga-PET Radiotracer for Imaging PD-L1 expression in Cancer. Mol Pharm. 2018;15(9):3946\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"6743_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153601211985218","DOI":"10.1177\/1536012119852189","volume":"18","author":"WG Lesniak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lesniak WG, et al. Development of [(18)F]FPy-WL12 as a PD-L1 specific PET imaging peptide. Mol Imaging. 2019;18:1536012119852189.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"6743_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122216","volume":"129","author":"D Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar D, et al. Peptide-based PET quantifies target engagement of PD-L1 therapeutics. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(2):616\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"6743_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4890","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c00603","volume":"24","author":"AA Greschner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Greschner AA, et al. PEGylation of a peptide-based amphiphilic delivery Agent and Influence on protein delivery to cells. Biomacromolecules. 2023;24(11):4890\u2013900.","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"6743_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00904-4","volume":"7","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, et al. Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):48.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06743-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06743-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06743-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1725285766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06743-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["6743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06743-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute affiliated with Shandong First Medical University approved the study (Permit number: SDTHEC2022003058).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}