{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:01:46Z","timestamp":1791514906815,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the University of Wisconsin\u2013 Madison and the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30 CA014520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA014520"]}]},{"name":"Royal Society of New Zealand Catalyst Seeding Fund","award":["CSG-UOA2310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSG-UOA2310"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82472018, 82171970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472018, 82171970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240484725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Z221100007422027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z221100007422027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFE0113500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0113500"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2023IR17, 2024IR07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023IR17, 2024IR07"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Incubation Guidance Fund Project of Peking University First Hospital","award":["2024CX18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CX18"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province","award":["242102311026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102311026"]}]},{"name":"Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Program Joint Construction Project","award":["LHGJ20220409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20220409"]}]},{"name":"The Henan Association for Science and Technology Youth Talent Support Program","award":["2023HYTP039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023HYTP039"]}]},{"name":"The Key Research Project in Henan Universities","award":["23A320059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A320059"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to develop and evaluate [\n                      <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                      Cu]Cu-NOTA-EV-F(ab\u2019)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      as a rapid and specific immunoPET imaging probe targeting Nectin-4 in gastric cancer (GC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      F(ab\u2019)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      fragments were generated from enfortumab vedotin (EV) using IdeS protease and conjugated with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -SCN-Bn-NOTA for radiolabeling with\n                      <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                      CuCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The radiochemical yield was 85.40\u2009\u00b1\u20092.43% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095). In vitro binding affinity and specificity were assessed\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      flow cytometry and cell uptake assays using Nectin-4-positive (NCI-N87, H1975) and Nectin-4-low (HGC-27, H520) cell lines. In vivo PET imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in murine models of GC and NSCLC to evaluate tumor targeting efficiency and tracer pharmacokinetics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                      Cu]Cu-NOTA-EV-F(ab\u2019)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      demonstrated rapid tumor accumulation, with peak uptake observed at 4\u00a0h post-injection (10.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70%ID\/g in NCI-N87 tumors, 3.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35%ID\/g in HGC-27, 11.56\u2009\u00b1\u20091.12%ID\/g in H1975, 2.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47%ID\/g in H520). Compared to full-length EV, the tracer exhibited faster blood clearance and reduced off-target uptake. Blocking with excess EV-F(ab\u2019)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      significantly reduced subsequent tumor uptake (6.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49%ID\/g in NCI-N87,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0029; 5.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31%ID\/g in H1975,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00074), confirming Nectin-4 specificity. Ex vivo biodistribution analysis supported high tumor retention consistent with in vivo imaging findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                      Cu]Cu-NOTA-EV-F(ab\u2019)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      offers rapid, specific, and high-contrast immunoPET imaging of Nectin-4-expressing tumors in GC and NSCLC models, highlighting its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for Nectin-4-targeted cancer imaging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07402-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:41:43Z","timestamp":1750466503000},"page":"619-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Rapid and specific immunoPET imaging of Nectin-4 in gastric cancer and non-small cell lung cancer using [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-EV-F(ab\u2019)2"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly C.","family":"DeLuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibo","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Wen J, Cui W, Yin X, Chen Y, Liu A, Wang Q, et al. Application and future prospects of bispecific antibodies in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Med. 2025;j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0470.","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0470"},{"key":"7402_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102855","volume":"15","author":"D de Jong","year":"2023","unstructured":"2. de Jong D, Das JP, Ma H, Pailey Valiplackal J, Prendergast C, Roa T, et al. Novel targets, novel treatments: the changing landscape of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:2855.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"7402_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441499","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2024.2441499","volume":"26","author":"Q He","year":"2025","unstructured":"3. He Q, Liu X, Jiang L, Liu P, Xuan W, Wang Y, et al. First-line treatments for KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: current state and future perspectives. Cancer Biol Ther. 2025;26:2441499.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther."},{"key":"7402_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.88335","volume":"13","author":"D Ruan","year":"2023","unstructured":"4. Ruan D, Zhao L, Cai J, Xu W, Sun L, Li J, et al. Evaluation of FAPI PET imaging in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Theranostics. 2023;13:4694\u2013710.","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"7402_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00469","volume":"22","author":"W Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"5. Huang W, Li L, Liang Y, Yang Q, Mixdorf JC, Engle JW, et al. ImmunoPET imaging of Nectin4 expression in gastric and bladder cancer using [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Padcev. Mol Pharm. 2025;22:3468\u201378.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm."},{"key":"7402_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00069","volume":"22","author":"W Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"6. Huang W, Wang T, Chao F, Yang Q, Mixdorf JC, Li L, et al. ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 expression in bladder cancer using [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Trodelvy. Mol Pharm. 2025;22:2266\u201375.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm."},{"key":"7402_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07106-4","volume":"52","author":"W Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"7. Huang W, Li L, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Mixdorf JC, Barnhart TE, et al. Preclinical evaluation of zirconium-89 labeled anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy) for imaging in gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025;52:2369\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"7402_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1763-4","volume":"72","author":"D Samanta","year":"2015","unstructured":"8. Samanta D, Almo SC. Nectin family of cell-adhesion molecules: structural and molecular aspects of function and specificity. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015;72:645\u201358.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"7402_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90690-9","volume":"56","author":"CL Mendelsohn","year":"1989","unstructured":"9. Mendelsohn CL, Wimmer E, Racaniello VR. Cellular receptor for poliovirus: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cell. 1989;56:855\u201365.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"7402_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.3390\/v6062268","volume":"6","author":"S Delpeut","year":"2014","unstructured":"10. Delpeut S, Noyce RS, Richardson CD. The tumor-associated marker, PVRL4 (nectin-4), is the epithelial receptor for morbilliviruses. Viruses. 2014;6:2268\u201386.","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"7402_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122910","volume":"352","author":"MJ Khosravanian","year":"2024","unstructured":"11. Khosravanian MJ, Mirzaei Y, Mer AH, Keyhani-Khankahdani M, Abdinia FS, Misamogooe F, et al. Nectin-4-directed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs): spotlight on preclinical and clinical evidence. Life Sci. 2024;352:122910.","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"7402_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1929168","volume":"21","author":"JL Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"12. Wong JL, Rosenberg JE. Targeting nectin-4 by antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2021;21:863\u201373.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther."},{"key":"7402_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Huang W, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Yang Q, Mixdorf JC, Sun X, et al. ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 expression in triple-negative breast cancer using [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Trodelvy-F(ab\u2019)2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07167-5"},{"key":"7402_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01444-3","volume":"20","author":"F Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"14. Shao F, Pan Z, Long Y, Zhu Z, Wang K, Ji H, et al. Nectin-4-targeted immunoSPECT\/CT imaging and photothermal therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology. 2022;20:243.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology."},{"key":"7402_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Huang W, Li L, Liang Y, Yang Q, Mixdorf JC, Engle JW, et al. ImmunoPET imaging of Nectin4 expression in gastric and bladder cancer using [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Padcev. Mol Pharm. 2025.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00469"},{"key":"7402_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.246595","volume":"62","author":"L Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"16. Kang L, Li C, Rosenkrans ZT, Engle JW, Wang R, Jiang D, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of CD20 expression using 64Cu-Labeled F(ab\u2019)2 fragments of Obinutuzumab in lymphoma. J Nucl Med. 2021;62:372\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"7402_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201022666210810104226","volume":"23","author":"S Ghani","year":"2022","unstructured":"17. Ghani S, Deravi N, Pirzadeh M, Rafiee B, Gatabi ZR, Bandehpour M, et al. Antibody fragment and targeted colorectal cancer therapy: a global systematic review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2022;23:1061\u201371.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol."},{"key":"7402_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-07036-7","volume":"52","author":"W Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"18. Huang W, Wang T, Qiu Y, Li C, Chen B, Song L, et al. CD38-specific immunoPET imaging for multiple myeloma diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring: preclinical and first-in-human studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025;52:1791\u2013804.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"7402_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Huang W, Li L, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Mixdorf JC, Barnhart TE, et al. Preclinical evaluation of zirconium-89 labeled anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy) for imaging in gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07106-4"},{"key":"7402_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05593-9","volume":"49","author":"L Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"20. Kang L, Li C, Yang Q, Sutherlin L, Wang L, Chen Z, et al. 64Cu-labeled daratumumab F(ab\u2019)2 fragment enables early visualization of CD38-positive lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49:1470\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"7402_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2023.110795","volume":"196","author":"R Chakravarty","year":"2023","unstructured":"21. Chakravarty R, Rohra N, Jadhav S, Sarma HD, Jain R, Chakraborty S. Biochemical separation of Cetuximab-Fab from papain-digested antibody fragments and radiolabeling with 64Cu for potential use in radioimmunotheranostics. Appl Radiat Isot. 2023;196:110795.","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot."},{"key":"7402_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-0609","volume":"29","author":"X Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"22. Duan X, Xia L, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, et al. First-in-human study of the radioligand 68Ga-N188 targeting Nectin-4 for PET\/CT imaging of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2023;29:3395\u2013407.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"7402_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.243543","volume":"105","author":"G Pavlasova","year":"2020","unstructured":"23. Pavlasova G, Mraz M. The regulation and function of CD20: an \u201cenigma\u201d of B-cell biology and targeted therapy. Haematologica. 2020;105:1494\u2013506.","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"7402_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.3803","volume":"62","author":"SK Suman","year":"2019","unstructured":"24. Suman SK, Kameswaran M, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Dash A. Preparation and preliminary bioevaluation studies of 68 Ga-NOTA-rituximab fragments as radioimmunoscintigraphic agents for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm. 2019;62:850\u20139.","journal-title":"J Labelled Comp Radiopharm."},{"key":"7402_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25902","volume":"129","author":"D Anz","year":"2011","unstructured":"25. Anz D, Mueller W, Golic M, Kunz WG, Rapp M, Koelzer VH, et al. CD103 is a hallmark of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. Int J Cancer. 2011;129:2417\u201326.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"7402_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-023-01043-9","volume":"13","author":"X Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"26. Fan X, Wa\u017cy\u0144ska MA, Kol A, Perujo Holland N, Fernandes B, van Duijnhoven SMJ, et al. Development of [89Zr]Zr-hCD103.Fab01A and [68Ga]Ga-hCD103.Fab01A for PET imaging to noninvasively assess cancer reactive T cell infiltration: fab-based CD103 immunoPET. EJNMMI Res. 2023;13:100.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"key":"7402_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-019-01386-7","volume":"22","author":"KA Zettlitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"27. Zettlitz KA, Tsai W-TK, Knowles SM, Salazar FB, Kobayashi N, Reiter RE, et al. [89Zr]A2cDb immuno-PET of prostate cancer in a human prostate stem cell antigen knock-in (hPSCA KI) syngeneic model. Mol Imaging Biol. 2020;22:367\u201376.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol."},{"key":"7402_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0123","volume":"24","author":"T Uehara","year":"2018","unstructured":"28. Uehara T, Yokoyama M, Suzuki H, Hanaoka H, Arano Y. A gallium-67\/68-labeled antibody fragment for Immuno-SPECT\/PET shows low renal radioactivity without loss of tumor uptake. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:3309\u201316.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07402-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07402-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07402-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1764219971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07402-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07402-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This article does not contain any studies with human participants (Clinical trial number: not applicable). The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (#M005630), the Animal Committee of Peking University First Hospital (No. J2023059) and Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (2021-KY-1070-002).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Weibo Cai declares conflict of interest with the following corporations: Portrai, Inc., rTR Technovation Corporation, Four Health Global Pharmaceuticals Inc., and POP Biotechnologies, Inc. Weibo Cai is an editor of\n                      European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging\n                      . All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"\u00a0Conflict of interest"}}]}}