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Inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic arteries can be assessed using [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG-PET imaging. Recently, [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG-PET has also gained relevance in PCa patients - alongside PSMA-targeted PET - for evaluating tumor aggressiveness. This study investigated the effect of hormone therapy on arterial inflammation in PCa patients using [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG-PET.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-two PCa patients receiving hormone therapy were compared to 17 age-matched PCa patients who had not undergone hormonal treatment in the 12 months prior to imaging. All participants underwent [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG-PET\/CT scans. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed across several arterial segments, as well as in the superior vena cava (SVC), spleen, and bone marrow. To account for background vascular activity, blood-pool activity in the SVC was used for correction, and target-to-background ratios (TBRs) were calculated for each arterial segment. A semi-quantitative calcified plaque (CP) score was also recorded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients receiving hormone therapy exhibited significantly higher TBR\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      values in the abdominal aorta, ascending aorta, thoracic descending aorta, and in the combined analysis of all arteries (mean TBR\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 1.6 vs. 1.4; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Similarly, TBR\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were significantly elevated in the abdominal and ascending aorta, as well as in the combined arterial analysis (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences were observed between groups in age, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, CRP, or CP scores (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Advanced PCa patients undergoing hormone therapy demonstrate increased arterial inflammation on [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG-PET imaging compared to non-hormonally treated controls. These findings support a possible mechanistic link between hormone therapy and the elevated cardiovascular risk observed in this patient population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07409-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T23:42:53Z","timestamp":1750117373000},"page":"557-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhanced vascular inflammation in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Holger","family":"Einspieler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Muin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilva Kristiana","family":"Langrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schmitl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens P.","family":"Spielvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Fueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gero","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sazan","family":"Rasul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7409_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2024.03.011","volume":"19","author":"Y Yechiel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yechiel Y, Chicheportiche A, Keidar Z, Ben-Haim S. 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