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The nuclear recoil effect of\n                      <jats:sup>225<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ac and its resulting daughter nuclides have been hypothesized to contribute to non-targeted damage. However, a lack of generator concepts for radionuclidically pure francium-221 (\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr), involvement of strong acids for elution, and its short half-life (4.8\u00a0min), has limited in vivo studies. Here, we report on a successful application of an\n                      <jats:sup>225<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ac\/\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr generator concept and the in vivo distribution of\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr and bismuth-213 (\n                      <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n                      Bi).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The immobilization of\n                      <jats:sup>225<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ac and elution of\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr was performed on a LN2 resin column. The biodistribution of\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr and\n                      <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n                      Bi was investigated in male SCID mice with LNCaP tumors at 5 and 15\u00a0min p.i.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results indicate that LN2 resin is a highly efficient resin for selective separation of\n                      <jats:sup>225<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ac and\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr. The use of 0.1\u00a0M NaOAc enabled continuous elution at a constant pH. The biodistribution study revealed a fast distribution of\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr and\n                      <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n                      Bi already 5\u00a0min p.i. We observed a strong accumulation of\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr to the kidneys, salivary glands and small intestine. In\n                      <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n                      Bi-injected mice, the highest accumulation was in kidney and liver.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We present an unprecedented concept utilizing LN2 resin in\n                      <jats:sup>225<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ac\/\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr generator applications. Successfully eluted and injected\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr fractions showed strong accumulation of\n                      <jats:sup>221<\/jats:sup>\n                      Fr and\n                      <jats:sup>213<\/jats:sup>\n                      Bi in key organs. Our data provide preliminary evidence of the potential contribution of recoiled progeny radionuclides to side-effects in non-targeted organs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07427-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:13:58Z","timestamp":1751328838000},"page":"633-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Biodistribution of free Francium-221 and Bismuth-213 in Tumour-bearing SCID mice after successful development of Actinium-225\/Francium-221 radionuclide generator Set-up"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1476-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Zitzmann-Kolbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Remde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9814-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Moen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0698-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Madas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"M\u00e1zik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Suurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3567-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Happel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun","family":"Ta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6509-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs B.","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8926-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Bene\u0161ov\u00e1-Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"7427_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755","volume":"369","author":"C Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, Helle SI, O\u2019Sullivan JM, Fossa SD, et al. 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