{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T19:24:03Z","timestamp":1769887443664,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23DZ2291400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23DZ2291400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai \u2018Rising Stars of Medical Talent\u2019 Youth Development Program","award":["Shanghai \u2018Rising Stars of Medical Talent\u2019 Youth Development Program (Youth Medical Talents-Medical Imaging Practitioner Program)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Shanghai \u2018Rising Stars of Medical Talent\u2019 Youth Development Program (Youth Medical Talents-Medical Imaging Practitioner Program)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07577-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T09:43:16Z","timestamp":1758620596000},"page":"1739-1753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preclinical and first-in-human evaluation of novel androgen receptor-targeted PET imaging in prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangning","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2544-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"16","key":"7577_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0228","volume":"333","author":"R Raychaudhuri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Raychaudhuri R, Lin DW, Montgomery RB. Prostate cancer: a review. JAMA. 2025;333(16):1433\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2025.0228.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"7577_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-022-00899-6","volume":"17","author":"C Verry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verry C, Vincendeau S, Massetti M, Blachier M, Vimont A, Bazil ML, et al. Pattern of clinical progression until metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: an epidemiological study from the European prostate cancer registry. Target Oncol. 2022;17(4):441\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11523-022-00899-6.","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7577_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.061","volume":"78","author":"AJ Armstrong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armstrong AJ, Lin P, Tombal B, Saad F, Higano CS, Joshua AM, et al. Five-year survival prediction and safety outcomes with enzalutamide in men with chemotherapy-na\u00efve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer from the PREVAIL trial. Eur Urol. 2020;78(3):347\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.061.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7577_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(22)00560-5","volume":"23","author":"AS Merseburger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merseburger AS, Attard G, \u00c5str\u00f6m L, Matveev VB, Bracarda S, Esen A, et al. Continuous enzalutamide after progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel (PRESIDE): an international, randomised, phase 3b study. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(11):1398\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(22)00560-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"7577_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.011","author":"B Tombal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tombal B, Choudhury A, Saad F, Gallardo E, Soares A, Loriot Y, et al. Enzalutamide plus radium-223 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of the EORTC 1333\/peace-3 trial. Ann Oncol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.011.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"7577_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.11.001","volume":"82","author":"DG Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang DG. Understanding and targeting prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;82:68\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.11.001.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"7577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.06.006","volume":"518","author":"A Jamroze","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jamroze A, Chatta G, Tang DG. Androgen receptor (AR) heterogeneity in prostate cancer and therapy resistance. Cancer Lett. 2021;518:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.06.006.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"7577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20220003","volume":"66","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Li WJ, Puzanov I, Goodrich DW, Chatta G, Tang DG. Prostate cancer as a dedifferentiated organ: androgen receptor, cancer stem cells, and cancer stemness. Essays Biochem. 2022;66(4):291\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/ebc20220003.","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"7577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3588","volume":"4","author":"JJ Fox","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fox JJ, Gavane SC, Blanc-Autran E, Nehmeh S, G\u00f6nen M, Beattie B, et al. Positron emission tomography\/computed tomography-based assessments of androgen receptor expression and glycolytic activity as a prognostic biomarker for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(2):217\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3588.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7577_CR11","first-page":"366","volume":"45","author":"SM Larson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Larson SM, Morris M, Gunther I, Beattie B, Humm JL, Akhurst TA, et al. Tumor localization of 16beta-18F-fluoro-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone versus 18F-FDG in patients with progressive, metastatic prostate cancer. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(3):366\u201373.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7577_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.066159","volume":"51","author":"BJ Beattie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beattie BJ, Smith-Jones PM, Jhanwar YS, Sch\u00f6der H, Schmidtlein CR, Morris MJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic assessment of the uptake of 16beta-18F-fluoro-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) in prostate tumors as measured by PET. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(2):183\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.109.066159.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"7577_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.253641","volume":"62","author":"IF Antunes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antunes IF, Dost RJ, Hoving HD, van Waarde A, Dierckx R, Samplonius DF, et al. Synthesis and evaluation of (18)F-enzalutamide, a new radioligand for PET imaging of androgen receptors: A comparison with 16\u03b2-(18)F-fluoro-5\u03b1-dihydrotestosterone. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(8):1140\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.120.253641.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7577_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000004520","volume":"48","author":"P Brahmbhatt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brahmbhatt P, Ataei F, Parent EE, Sharma A. Atypically intense pharmacologically induced brown fat activation on FDG PET\/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2023;48(3):233\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/rlu.0000000000004520.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"7577_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06249-6","volume":"50","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu W, Li K, Chen K, He S, Zhang J, et al. PET imaging of PARP expression using (68)Ga-labelled inhibitors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(9):2606\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06249-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"7577_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05700-4","volume":"49","author":"B Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu B, Liu X, Wang S, Xu X, Liu X, Hu S, et al. Head-to-head evaluation of [(18)F]FDG and [(68)Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT in recurrent soft tissue sarcoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49(8):2889\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-022-05700-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"26","key":"7577_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.23.00433","volume":"41","author":"C Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai C, Dehm SM, Sharifi N. Targeting the androgen signaling axis in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(26):4267\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.23.00433.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7577_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00829-9","volume":"27","author":"M Shelan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shelan M, Achard V, Appiagyei F, Mose L, Zilli T, Fankhauser CD, et al. Role of enzalutamide in primary and recurrent non-metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review of prospective clinical trials. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27(3):422\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-024-00829-9.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"7577_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.109638","volume":"21","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Jing Y, Xu Z, Zhao H, He X, Lu T, et al. The mechanism of histone modifications in regulating enzalutamide sensitivity in advanced prostate cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2025;21(6):2880\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.109638.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"7577_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02912-9","volume":"25","author":"A Sirvi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sirvi A, Janjal A, Guleria K, Chand M, Sangamwar AT. Thermally-induced supersaturation approach for optimizing drug loading and biopharmaceutical properties of supersaturated lipid-based formulations: case studies with ibrutinib and enzalutamide. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;25(7):192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-024-02912-9.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"9","key":"7577_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00366","volume":"21","author":"Q Wan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wan Q, Yuan H, Cai P, Liu Y, Yan T, Wang L, et al. Effects of pegylation on imaging contrast of (68)Ga-labeled bicyclic peptide PET probes targeting Nectin-4. Mol Pharm. 2024;21(9):4430\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00366.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"7577_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202200495","volume":"18","author":"H Damerow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Damerow H, W\u00e4ngler B, Schirrmacher R, Fricker G, W\u00e4ngler C. Synthesis of a bifunctional cross-bridged chelating agent, peptide conjugation, and comparison of (68)Ga labeling and complex stability characteristics with established chelators. ChemMedChem. 2023;18(1):e202200495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cmdc.202200495.","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"7577_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098235","author":"K Kairemo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kairemo K, Hodolic M. Androgen receptor imaging in the management of hormone-dependent cancers with emphasis on prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24098235.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"7577_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.208785","volume":"59","author":"BM Larimer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Larimer BM, Dubois F, Bloch E, Nesti S, Placzek M, Zadra G, et al. Specific (18)F-FDHT accumulation in human prostate cancer xenograft murine models is facilitated by prebinding to sex hormone-binding globulin. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(10):1538\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.118.208785.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"7577_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00875-x","volume":"21","author":"X Ni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ni X, Wei Y, Li X, Pan J, Fang B, Zhang T, et al. From biology to the clinic - exploring liver metastasis in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2024;21(10):593\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-024-00875-x.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7577_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.206490","volume":"59","author":"HA Vargas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vargas HA, Kramer GM, Scott AM, Weickhardt A, Meier AA, Parada N, et al. Reproducibility and repeatability of semiquantitative (18)F-fluorodihydrotestosterone uptake metrics in castration-resistant prostate cancer metastases: a prospective multicenter study. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(10):1516\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.117.206490.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7577_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.264981","volume":"64","author":"V Al Jalali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Jalali V, Wasinger G, Rasul S, Grubm\u00fcller B, Wulkersdorfer B, Balber T, et al. Consecutive prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and antigen receptor (AR) PET imaging shows positive correlation with AR and PSMA protein expression in primary hormone-na\u00efve prostate cancer. J Nucl Med. 2023;64(6):863\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.122.264981.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00662-7","volume":"17","author":"ME Rodnick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodnick ME, Sollert C, Stark D, Clark M, Katsifis A, Hockley BG, et al. Synthesis of (68)Ga-radiopharmaceuticals using both generator-derived and cyclotron-produced (68)Ga as exemplified by [(68)Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for prostate cancer PET imaging. Nat Protoc. 2022;17(4):980\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-021-00662-7.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07577-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07577-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07577-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:43:32Z","timestamp":1769834612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07577-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["7577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07577-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures involving animals and human participants were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Fig.\u00a07.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}