{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:03:21Z","timestamp":1792695801182,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the clinical potential of\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      -(2-[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FET) PET imaging in the management of circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (CAG), a rare glioma subtype with limited imaging data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively identified adult CAG patients who underwent [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FET PET imaging (i) before diagnosis, (ii) at suspected relapse, or (iii) for response assessment at three institutions. Maximum and mean tumor-to-brain ratios (TBR\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      , TBR\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and metabolic tumor volumes were assessed according to the PET RANO 1.0 criteria. Diagnostic performance in differentiating treatment-related changes from tumor relapse was evaluated using ROC analysis and Fisher\u2019s exact test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated 79 [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FET PET scans of 42 patients, including nine (21%) with actionable molecular targets. Measurable [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FET uptake was observed in 65% of WHO grade 1 and 100% of WHO grade 2 and 3 CAG. TBR values were significantly higher in WHO grade 2 and 3 CAG than in pilocytic astrocytomas (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but showed no difference based on molecular target status (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In 5 of 11 patients (45%), treatment response assessment by PET RANO 1.0 differed from MRI. Treatment-related changes were confirmed in 12 patients (43%). In CAG WHO grades 2 or 3, the accuracy of [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FET PET to identify treatment-related changes was 82% using single PET scans and 100% using serial PET imaging (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FET PET can contribute to clinical management of patients with CAG by detecting measurable disease, differentiating treatment-related changes from tumor progression, and showing potential in treatment response assessment through longitudinal imaging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07654-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T03:59:58Z","timestamp":1763438398000},"page":"2764-2776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical potential of [18F]FET PET in patients with circumscribed astrocytic glioma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7147-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Michael","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6537-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian J.","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2177-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael M.","family":"Wollring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enio","family":"Barci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1732-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Stetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Puhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Tscherpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Stoffels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A.","family":"Hainfellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna S.","family":"Berghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Sunder-Plassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6014-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Widhalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Kasprian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Nakuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Harter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"von Baumgarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Thon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Sch\u00f6necker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Forbrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7212-6521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix M.","family":"Mottaghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gereon R.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1101-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Josef","family":"Langen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Galldiks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie L.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Preusser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, et al. The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23:1231\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac188","volume":"24","author":"R Ruda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruda R, Capper D, Waldman AD, Pallud J, Minniti G, Kaley TJ, et al. EANO - EURACAN - SNO guidelines on circumscribed astrocytic gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24:2015\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noac188.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12639","volume":"29","author":"JJ Phillips","year":"2019","unstructured":"Phillips JJ, Gong H, Chen K, Joseph NM, van Ziffle J, Bastian BC, et al. The genetic landscape of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Brain Pathol. 2019;29:85\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bpa.12639.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"7654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0802-6","volume":"121","author":"G Schindler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schindler G, Capper D, Meyer J, Janzarik W, Omran H, Herold-Mende C, et al. Analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in 1,320 nervous system tumors reveals high mutation frequencies in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma and extra-cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2011;121:397\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-011-0802-6.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"7654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab247","volume":"24","author":"LJ Andrews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrews LJ, Thornton ZA, Saincher SS, Yao IY, Dawson S, McGuinness LA, et al. Prevalence of BRAFV600 in glioma and use of BRAF inhibitors in patients with BRAFV600 mutation-positive glioma: systematic review. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24:528\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab247.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad008","volume":"25","author":"D Capper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Capper D, Reifenberger G, French PJ, Schweizer L, Weller M, Touat M, et al. EANO guideline on rational molecular testing of gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors in adults for targeted therapy selection. Neuro Oncol. 2023;25:813\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noad008.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.9990","volume":"36","author":"T Kaley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaley T, Touat M, Subbiah V, Hollebecque A, Rodon J, Lockhart AC, et al. BRAF inhibition in BRAF(V600)-mutant gliomas: results from the VE-BASKET study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:3477\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.9990.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00578-7","volume":"23","author":"PY Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen PY, Stein A, van den Bent M, De Greve J, Wick A, de Vos F, et al. Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-mutant low-grade and high-grade glioma (ROAR): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2, basket trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00578-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae213","volume":"27","author":"MJ van den Bent","year":"2025","unstructured":"van den Bent MJ, Franceschi E, Touat M, French PJ, Idbaih A, Lombardi G, et al. Updated EANO guideline on rational molecular testing of gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors in adults for targeted therapy selection-Update 1. Neuro Oncol. 2025;27:331\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noae213.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28740","volume":"58","author":"YW Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park YW, Vollmuth P, Foltyn-Dumitru M, Sahm F, Ahn SS, Chang JH, et al. The 2021 WHO classification for gliomas and implications on imaging diagnosis: part 2-summary of imaging findings on pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas, pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas, and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023;58:690\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.28740.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"7654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.44","volume":"13","author":"KJ Langen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Langen KJ, Galldiks N, Hattingen E, Shah NJ. Advances in neuro-oncology imaging. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13:279\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.44.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"7654_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.248278","volume":"62","author":"N Galldiks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galldiks N, Abdulla DSY, Scheffler M, Wolpert F, Werner JM, Hullner M, et al. Treatment monitoring of immunotherapy and targeted therapy using (18)F-FET PET in patients with melanoma and lung cancer brain metastases: initial experiences. J Nucl Med. 2021;62:464\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.120.248278.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7654_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02668-y","volume":"30","author":"LB Kilburn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kilburn LB, Khuong-Quang DA, Hansford JR, Landi D, van der Lugt J, Leary SES, et al. The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed\/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial. Nat Med. 2024;30:207\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02668-y.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"7654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.264859","volume":"64","author":"N Galldiks","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galldiks N, Lohmann P, Fink GR, Langen KJ. Amino acid PET in neurooncology. J Nucl Med. 2023;64:693\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.122.264859.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7654_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac229","volume":"25","author":"MM Wollring","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wollring MM, Werner JM, Bauer EK, Tscherpel C, Ceccon GS, Lohmann P, et al. Prediction of response to lomustine-based chemotherapy in glioma patients at recurrence using MRI and FET PET. Neuro Oncol. 2023;25:984\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noac229.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0471","volume":"27","author":"JM Werner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Werner JM, Weller J, Ceccon G, Schaub C, Tscherpel C, Lohmann P, et al. Diagnosis of pseudoprogression following lomustine-temozolomide chemoradiation in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients using FET-PET. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27:3704\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0471.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"7654_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.254243","volume":"62","author":"G Ceccon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ceccon G, Lohmann P, Werner JM, Tscherpel C, Dunkl V, Stoffels G, et al. Early treatment response assessment using (18)F-FET PET compared with contrast-enhanced MRI in glioma patients after adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. J Nucl Med. 2021;62:918\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.120.254243.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7654_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2096","volume":"27","author":"HG Wirsching","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wirsching HG, Roelcke U, Weller J, Hundsberger T, Hottinger AF, von Moos R, et al. MRI and (18)FET-PET predict survival benefit from bevacizumab plus radiotherapy in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma: results from the randomized ARTE trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27:179\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2096.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"7654_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03749-z","volume":"153","author":"K Bender","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bender K, Perez E, Chirica M, Onken J, Kahn J, Brenner W, et al. High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP): the Charite experience with a new central nervous system tumor entity. J Neurooncol. 2021;153:109\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-021-03749-z.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"7654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.07.011","volume":"172","author":"KM Schebesch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schebesch KM, Brawanski A, Doenitz C, Rosengarth K, Proescholdt M, Riemenschneider MJ, et al. Fluorescence-guidance in non-Gadolinium enhancing, but FET-PET positive gliomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;172:177\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.07.011.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"7654_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00525-9","volume":"25","author":"NL Albert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albert NL, Galldiks N, Ellingson BM, van den Bent MJ, Chang SM, Cicone F, et al. PET-based response assessment criteria for diffuse gliomas (PET RANO 1.0): a report of the RANO group. Lancet Oncol. 2024;25:e29\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00525-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(00)00314-0","volume":"54","author":"R Bender","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bender R, Lange S. Adjusting for multiple testing\u2013when and how? J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:343\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-4356(00)00314-0.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"7654_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03513-9","volume":"148","author":"MJ Mair","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mair MJ, Wohrer A, Furtner J, Simonovska A, Kiesel B, Oberndorfer S, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult patients with pilocytic astrocytoma. J Neurooncol. 2020;148:187\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-020-03513-9.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"7654_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galldiks N, Lohmann P, Aboian M, Barajas RF Jr., Breen WG, Ivanidze J, et al. Update to the RANO working group and EANO recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas. Lancet Oncol. 2025;26:e436\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00193-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00193-7"},{"key":"7654_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos300","volume":"15","author":"M Hutterer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hutterer M, Nowosielski M, Putzer D, Jansen NL, Seiz M, Schocke M, et al. [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-l-tyrosine PET: a valuable diagnostic tool in neuro-oncology, but not all that glitters is glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2013;15:341\u201351.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not002","volume":"15","author":"DH Pafundi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pafundi DH, Laack NN, Youland RS, Parney IF, Lowe VJ, Giannini C, et al. Biopsy validation of 18F-DOPA PET and biodistribution in gliomas for neurosurgical planning and radiotherapy target delineation: results of a prospective pilot study. Neuro Oncol. 2013;15:1058\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/not002.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz180","volume":"22","author":"N Verburg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verburg N, Koopman T, Yaqub MM, Hoekstra OS, Lammertsma AA, Barkhof F, et al. Improved detection of diffuse glioma infiltration with imaging combinations: a diagnostic accuracy study. Neuro Oncol. 2020;22:412\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noz180.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.265868","volume":"65","author":"J Mauler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mauler J, Lohmann P, Maudsley AA, Sheriff S, Hoevels M, Meissner AK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MR spectroscopic imaging and (18)F-FET PET for identifying glioma: a biopsy-controlled hybrid PET\/MRI study. J Nucl Med. 2024;65:16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.123.265868.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7654_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh399","volume":"128","author":"D Pauleit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pauleit D, Floeth F, Hamacher K, Riemenschneider MJ, Reifenberger G, Muller HW, et al. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET combined with MRI improves the diagnostic assessment of cerebral gliomas. Brain. 2005;128:678\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh399.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"7654_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39731-8","volume":"14","author":"M Harat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harat M, Rakowska J, Harat M, Szylberg T, Furtak J, Miechowicz I, et al. Combining amino acid PET and MRI imaging increases accuracy to define malignant areas in adult glioma. Nat Commun. 2023;14:4572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39731-8.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7654_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000001376","volume":"34","author":"G Cerretti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cerretti G, Cecchin D, Denaro L, Caccese M, Padovan M, Zagonel V, et al. Impressive response to dabrafenib and trametinib plus silybin in a heavily pretreated IDH wild-type glioblastoma patient with BRAFV600E -mutant and SOX2 amplification. Anticancer Drugs. 2023;34:190\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CAD.0000000000001376.","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"7654_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz166","volume":"21","author":"A Bashir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bashir A, Mathilde Jacobsen S, Molby Henriksen O, Broholm H, Urup T, Grunnet K. Recurrent glioblastoma versus late posttreatment changes: diagnostic accuracy of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine positron emission tomography (18F-FET PET). Neuro Oncol. 2019;21:1595\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noz166.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1334","volume":"22","author":"S Kebir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kebir S, Fimmers R, Galldiks N, Schafer N, Mack F, Schaub C. Late pseudoprogression in glioblastoma: diagnostic value of dynamic O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:2190\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"7654_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-1340","volume":"13","author":"ZQ Ouyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ouyang ZQ, Zheng GR, Duan XR, Zhang XR, Ke TF, Bao SS, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of glioma pseudoprogression identification with positron emission tomography imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2023;13:4943\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-22-1340.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"7654_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16726-x","volume":"12","author":"C Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor C, Ekert JO, Sefcikova V, Fersht N, Samandouras G. Discriminators of pseudoprogression and true progression in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022;12:13258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-16726-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7654_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.148734","volume":"56","author":"V Dunkl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunkl V, Cleff C, Stoffels G, Judov N, Sarikaya-Seiwert S, Law I, et al. The usefulness of dynamic O-(2\u201318F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET in the clinical evaluation of brain tumors in children and adolescents. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:88\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.114.148734.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7654_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab096","volume":"23","author":"L Marner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marner L, Lundemann M, Sehested A, Nysom K, Borgwardt L, Mathiasen R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of [18F]FET PET in childhood CNS tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23:2107\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab096.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7654_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06114-6","volume":"50","author":"O Kertels","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kertels O, Krauss J, Monoranu CM, Samnick S, Dierks A, Kircher M. [18F]FET-PET in children and adolescents with central nervous system tumors: does it support difficult clinical decision-making? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50:1699\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06114-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7654_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317155","volume":"90","author":"MI Mihovilovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mihovilovic MI, Kertels O, Hanscheid H, Lohr M, Monoranu CM, Kleinlein I, et al. O-(2-((18)F)fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET for the differentiation of tumour recurrence from late pseudoprogression in glioblastoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90:238\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317155.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"7654_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.263790","volume":"63","author":"J Rosen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosen J, Ceccon G, Bauer EK, Werner JM, Tscherpel C, Dunkl V, et al. Cost Effectiveness of (18)F-FET PET for Early Treatment Response Assessment in Glioma Patients After Adjuvant Temozolomide Chemotherapy. J Nucl Med. 2022;63:1677\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.122.263790.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07654-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07654-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07654-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:39:04Z","timestamp":1771479544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07654-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["7654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07654-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The analyses have been approved by the Ethics Committees of all three institutions (approval no. 1166\/2019, 2086\/2023, 2438, 604\u201316, 17\u2013656) and carried out per the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Maximilian J. Mair has received research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb and travel support from Pierre Fabre.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Hannah C. Puhr has received travel support from Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche and lecture honoraria from Eli Lilly.Anna Sophie Berghoff has research support from Daiichi Sankyo, Roche and honoraria for lectures, consultation, or advisory board participation from Roche Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, CeCaVa, Seagen, Alexion, Servier as well as travel support from Roche, Amgen, and AbbVie.Georg Widhalm has received honoraria for advisory board participation from Servier.Franziska Eckert has received honoraria for lectures, consultation, or advisory board participation from Dr. Sennewald Medizintechnik and Servier.Gregor Kasprian has received honoraria for lectures from Bracco and advisory board participation from Lilly.Louisa von Baumgarten has received honoraria for lectures, consultation or advisory board participation from Merck and Servier, and research funding from Novocure and Telix Pharmaceuticals.Niklas Thon has received honoraria for lectures, consultation, or advisory board participation from Servier and Brainlab and research funding from Novocure.Felix M. Mottaghy is a medical advisor and consultant for Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA) GmbH\/Novartis, Telix Pharmaceuticals, and CURIUMTM, and has recently received institutional grants from NanoMab Technology Ltd., Radiopharm Ltd., Siemens Healthcare, and GE Precision Healthcare LLC.Philipp Lohmann has received honoraria for lectures from Blue Earth Diagnostics and for advisory board participation from Servier.Gereon R. Fink has received honoraria for lectures from Forum medizinische Fortbildungen (FOMF) and Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Neurologie.Karl-Josef Langen received honoraria from Telix Pharmaceuticals for consultancy services.Norbert Galldiks has received honoraria for lectures from Blue Earth Diagnostics, advisory board participation from Telix Pharmaceuticals and Servier, and consultancy services from Telix Pharmaceuticals.Nathalie L. Albert has received honoraria for lectures, consultation, or advisory board participation from Advanced Accelerator Applications, Medsir, Novartis, OncLive, Servier, and Telix Pharmaceuticals, and research funding from Novocure and Telix Pharmaceuticals.Matthias Preusser has received honoraria for lectures, consultation or advisory board participation from the following for-profit companies: Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Gerson Lehrman Group (GLG), CMC Contrast, GlaxoSmithKline, Mundipharma, Roche, BMJ Journals, MedMedia, Astra Zeneca, AbbVie, Lilly, Medahead, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dome, Tocagen, Adastra, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Servier, Miltenyi, B\u00f6hringer-Ingelheim, Telix, Medscape.Enio Barci, Alexander Beck, Robert Forbrig, Johannes Hainfellner, Patrick N. Harter, Thomas Nakuz, Stephan Sch\u00f6necker, Isabelle Stetter, Gabriele Stoffels, Vincent Sunder-Plassmann, Caroline Tscherpel, Jan-Michael Werner, and Michael M. Wollring have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}