{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T08:03:44Z","timestamp":1777277024273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07751-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:42:20Z","timestamp":1769128940000},"page":"4259-4269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Marine-Lenhart syndrome: why nuclear medicine imaging remains essential for diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1946-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosaria Maddalena","family":"Ruggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Campenn\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Corr\u00eaa Chaves Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Maccora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Giovanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1053\/J.SEMNUCLMED.2023.11.002","volume":"54","author":"P Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek P, G\u00f6rges R, Giovanella L. Autoimmune thyroid diseases. Semin Nucl Med. 2024;54:219\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/J.SEMNUCLMED.2023.11.002. [cited 2025 Apr 12]","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"7751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1007\/S00259-023-06274-5","volume":"50","author":"A Campenn\u00ec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Campenn\u00ec A, Avram AM, Verburg FA, Iakovou I, H\u00e4nscheid H, de Keizer B, et al. The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50:3324\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00259-023-06274-5. [cited 2023 Oct 2].","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davies TF, Andersen S, Latif R, Nagayama Y, Barbesino G, Brito M, et al. Graves\u2019 disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers Nat Res. 2020;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-020-0184-y.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0184-y"},{"key":"7751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schenke SA, Groener D, Grunert M, Stahl AR. Integrated thyroid imaging: ultrasound and scintigraphy. In: Giovanella L, editor. Integrated diagnostics and theranostics of thyroid diseases. Springer, Cham; 2023. pp. 25\u201362. [cited 2023 Dec 21]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35213-3_4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35213-3_4"},{"key":"7751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giovanella L, Campenn\u00ec A, Tuncel M, Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek P. Integrated diagnostics of thyroid nodules. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CANCERS16020311. cited 2024 Feb 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/CANCERS16020311"},{"key":"7751_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.22.03428-8","volume":"66","author":"L Giovanella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giovanella L, Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek P. Functional and molecular thyroid imaging. The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;66:86\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S1824-4785.22.03428-8. [cited 2024 Jan 6].","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek P, Calderoni L, Campenni A, Fanti S, Giovanella L Molecular imaging of thyroid and parathyroid diseases. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. Taylor and Francis Ltd.; 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 7];19:317\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17446651.2024.2365776.","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2024.2365776"},{"key":"7751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marine D, Lenhart CH. Pathological anatomy of exophthalmic goiter: the anatomical and physiological relations of the thyroid gland to the disease; the treatment. Arch Intern Med. American Medical Association; 1911 [cited 2025 Nov 9];VIII:265\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/ARCHINTE.1911.00060090002001","DOI":"10.1001\/ARCHINTE.1911.00060090002001"},{"key":"7751_CR9","unstructured":"Charkes ND. Graves\u2019 Disease with Functioning Nodules (Marine-Lenhart Syndrome). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Society of Nuclear Medicine; 1972 [cited 2021 Dec 17];13:885\u201392. https:\/\/jnm.snmjournals.org\/content\/13\/12\/885. Accessed 17 Dec 2021."},{"key":"7751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amalo RB, Nugrahadi T, Hidayat B. Marine-Lenhart syndrome: a comprehensive literature review on diagnosis and management with emphasis on nuclear medicine approach. Nucl Med Commun. 2025 [cited 2025 Nov 9];47(1):20\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNM.0000000000002069","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000002069"},{"key":"7751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4103\/WJNM.WJNM_130_20","volume":"20","author":"K Agrawal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agrawal K, Patro P, Meher B, Gnanasegaran G. Prevalence of Marine-Lenhart syndrome on 99mTc-thyroid scintigraphy and response to radioiodine: A single institutional retrospective study. World J Nucl Med. 2021;20:369\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/WJNM.WJNM_130_20. [cited 2023 Aug 25].","journal-title":"World J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danno H, Nishihara E, Kousaka K, Nakamura T, Kasahara T, Kudo T, et al. Prevalence and treatment outcomes of marine-lenhart syndrome in Japan. Eur Thyroid J. 2020 [cited 2025 Nov 10];10:461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000510312","DOI":"10.1159\/000510312"},{"key":"7751_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saito M, Okada Y, Uemura F, Tanaka Y. Development of Marine-Lenhart syndrome during the course of Acromegaly. A case report. Intern Med; 2025. [cited 2025 Dec 18];5550\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/INTERNALMEDICINE.5550-25.","DOI":"10.2169\/INTERNALMEDICINE.5550-25"},{"key":"7751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498789","DOI":"10.1155\/CRIE\/2498789","volume":"2025","author":"M Eid","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eid M, Decarlo K. Synchronous presentation of type 2 Marine\u2013Lenhart syndrome and differentiated thyroid carcinoma manifesting as thyroid storm. Case Rep Endocrinol John Wiley Sons Ltd. 2025;2025:2498789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/CRIE\/2498789. [cited 2025 Nov 13].","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol John Wiley Sons Ltd"},{"key":"7751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Demb\u00e9l\u00e9 IA, Djeugoue SL, Ke\u00efta K, Traore D, Sinayoko A, Cissoko M. Marine-Lenhart syndrome: A rare presentation of thyroid disease. Int J Clin Stud Med Case Rep. 2025;55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46998\/IJCMCR.2025.55.001374.","DOI":"10.46998\/IJCMCR.2025.55.001374"},{"key":"7751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/IJEMCR.IJEMCR_55_24","volume":"2","author":"V Jha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jha V, Das L, Baruah MM, Sood A, Bhadada SK. Type 1 Marine-Lenhart syndrome: an uncommon cause of thyrotoxicosis. IJEM Case Rep Medknow. 2024;2:130\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJEMCR.IJEMCR_55_24. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"IJEM Case Rep Medknow"},{"key":"7751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.18295\/SQUMJ.6.2024.038","volume":"24","author":"A Alfutaisi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfutaisi A, Osman A, Al Siyabi ZS, Al Senani OS, Bahowairath F, Al Farqani A, et al. Unilateral graves\u2019 orbitopathy in a patient with Marine-Lenhart syndrome: A case report. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2024;24:585\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18295\/SQUMJ.6.2024.038. [cited 2025 Dec 21].","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"7751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Masjkur J, Thurnheer M, Maas OC, Schuler R, Strey C. A rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Marine-Lehnhart Syndrome-Indication for biopsy of hot thyroid nodules? JCEM case rep; 2024 [cited 2025 Nov 22];2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/JCEMCR\/LUAE116","DOI":"10.1210\/JCEMCR\/LUAE116"},{"key":"7751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ye P, Li L, Wei D, Li F, Zhong Y, Zeng J. A case of marine Lenhart syndrome with hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis that mimicked thyroid carcinoma. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12902-023-01438-8. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","DOI":"10.1186\/S12902-023-01438-8"},{"key":"7751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4183\/AEB.2023.112","volume":"19","author":"U Kesici","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kesici U, Kiziltoprak N, Zirhli B, Ercan LD. Marine Lenhart syndrome with thyroid isthmus agenesia. A new syndrome? Acta Endocrinol (Bucharest). 2023;19:112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4183\/AEB.2023.112. cited 2025 Nov 22.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Bucharest)"},{"key":"7751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AACE.2022.11.002","volume":"9","author":"O Onwudiwe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onwudiwe O, Nguyen H, Marine-Lenhart Syndrome. A rare presentation of thyroid disease. AACE Clin Case Rep. 2022;9:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AACE.2022.11.002. [cited 2025 Nov 9];.","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"7751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.20558","author":"CA Builes Barrera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Builes Barrera CA, Casta\u00f1o PA, Herrera Revollo P, P\u00e9rez Paternina ME, Rodriguez Arrieta LA. Type 2 Marine-Lenhart syndrome: an uncommon cause of thyrotoxicosis. Cureus. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.20558. [cited 2025 Dec 21];13.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/S42000-020-00215-9","volume":"20","author":"R Le Moli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Moli R, Russo M, Malandrino P, Vella V, Belfiore A, Frasca F. Onset of Marine-Lenhart syndrome and graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy in a female patient treated with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis. Horm (Athens). 2021;20:161\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S42000-020-00215-9. [cited 2025 Dec 21].","journal-title":"Horm (Athens)"},{"key":"7751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chambers M, Khan M, Chen C, Secrest S, WU S-Y, Marine-Lenhart Syndrome. Role of iodinated contrast Administration, case report and A review of literature. J Medical\u2013Clinical Res Reviews SciVision Publishers LLC. 2020;4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33425\/2639-944X.1178.","DOI":"10.33425\/2639-944X.1178"},{"key":"7751_CR25","unstructured":"Hu L, Wu Y. Papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as a functioning thyroid nodule: report of 2 rare cases. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2020 [cited 2025 Dec 21];13:2895. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7716118\/. Accessed 21 Dec 2025."},{"key":"7751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gurleyik E. Recurrent goiter presented with Marine-Lenhart syndrome 27 years after initial surgery. Cureus. 2019;11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.5768. [cited 2025 Nov 23].","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.5768"},{"key":"7751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.7888\/JUOEH.41.165","volume":"41","author":"M Miyazaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miyazaki M, Okada Y, Torimoto K, Tanaka Y. A case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome with predominance of plummer disease. J UOEH. 2019;41:165\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7888\/JUOEH.41.165. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"J UOEH"},{"key":"7751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3268010","volume":"2018","author":"D Neuman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neuman D, Kuker R, Vendrame F, Marine-Lenhart, Syndrome. Case Report, Diagnosis, and management. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2018;2018:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3268010. [cited 2025 Nov 13].","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"7751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1002\/CCR3.1769","volume":"6","author":"M Lombardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lombardi M, Tonacchera M, Macchia E. A new case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome with a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Case Rep. 2018;6:2299\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CCR3.1769. [cited 2025 Nov 13];.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"7751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JECR.2018.05.001","volume":"9","author":"SY Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu SY, Leung AM, Chambers MD, Chen CL, Khan MU, Brent GA, et al. Coexistent presentation of graves\u2019 disease and an autonomous thyroid nodule following administration of an iodinated contrast load. J Clin Transl Endocrinol Case Rep. 2018;9:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JECR.2018.05.001. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol Case Rep"},{"key":"7751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM-2017-0223","volume":"30","author":"A Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma A. Marine-Lenhart syndrome in two adolescents, including one with thyroid cancer: a case series and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017;30:1337\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/JPEM-2017-0223. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8740405","volume":"2016","author":"M Uludag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uludag M, Aygun N, Ozel A, Yener Ozturk F, Karasu R, Ozguven BY, et al. A rare presentation of autonomously functioning papillary thyroid cancer: malignancy in Marine-Lenhart syndrome nodule. Case Rep Surg. 2016;2016:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8740405. [cited 2025 Nov 22];.","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"7751_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atmaca H, \u00c7olak R, Yazici ZA, Kefeli M, Tosun FC. Marine-Lenhart syndrome with papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Res Med Sci. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS); 2015 [cited 2025 Nov 22];20:412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-1995.158308","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.158308"},{"key":"7751_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/S12020-014-0412-X","volume":"49","author":"MH Joven","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joven MH, Anderson RJ. Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Endocrine. 2015;49:570\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12020-014-0412-X. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"7751_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u015een Y, Cimbek EA, Yuca SA, Gedik GK, Sari O. Marine-Lenhart syndrome in a young girl. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014;27:189\u201391. . [cited 2025 Nov 22];. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/JPEM-2013-0302","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM-2013-0302"},{"key":"7751_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takei M, Ishii H, Sato Y, Komatsu M. A Case of Marine-Lenhart Syndrome with a Negative TSH Receptor Antibody Titer Successfully Treated with a Fixed, Low Dose of I (131.). Case Rep Endocrinol. 2014 [cited 2025 Nov 22];2014:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/423563","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/423563"},{"key":"7751_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-2730000003173","volume":"58","author":"G Giuffrida","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giuffrida G, Giovinazzo S, Certo R, Vicchio TM, Baldari S, Campenn\u00ec A, et al. An uncommon case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014;58:398\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0004-2730000003173. [cited 2021 Dec 17]","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"7751_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.118261","volume":"28","author":"JR Mohan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohan JR, Santhosh S, Sood A, Bhattacharya A, Mittall BR. Pertechnetate thyroid scan in Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Indian J Nucl Med. 2013;28:125\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-3919.118261. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7751_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.109698","volume":"17","author":"N Damle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damle N, Mishra R. Identifying Marine-Lenhart syndrome on a (99m)Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scan. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17:366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2230-8210.109698. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7751_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scherer T, Wohlschlaeger-Krenn E, Bayerle-Eder M, Passler C, Reiner-Concin A, Krebs M, et al. A case of simultaneous occurrence of Marine - Lenhart syndrome and a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. BMC Endocr Disord. 2013;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6823-13-16. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-13-16"},{"key":"7751_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0B013E31825AE860","author":"CNB Harisankar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harisankar CNB, Preethi GR, Chungath BB. Hybrid SPECT\/CT evaluation of Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Clin Nucl Med. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0B013E31825AE860. [cited 2025 Nov 22];38.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"7751_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1258\/SHORTS.2011.011164","volume":"3","author":"A Brahma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brahma A, Beadsmoore C, Dhatariya K. The oldest case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome? JRSM Short Rep. 2012;3:1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/SHORTS.2011.011164. cited 2025 Nov 22.","journal-title":"JRSM Short Rep"},{"key":"7751_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1089\/THY.2006.0150","volume":"17","author":"D Chatzopoulos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chatzopoulos D, Iakovou I, Moralidis E. Marine-Lenhart syndrome and radioiodine-131 treatment. Thyroid. 2007;17:373\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/THY.2006.0150. cited 2025 Nov 22.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7751_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2007.201","volume":"3","author":"E Balmes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balmes E, Burcea A, Belgun M, Alexandrescu D, Badiu C. Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Case report and literature review. Acta Endocrinol (Buc). 2007;3:201\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Buc)"},{"key":"7751_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.53347\/rid-10481","volume":"97","author":"M Cakir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cakir M. Marine-Lenhart syndrome. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97:1036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53347\/rid-10481. [cited 2023 Aug 25].","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"7751_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El-Kaissi S, Kotowicz MA, Goodear M, Wall JR. An unusual case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Thyroid. 2003 [cited 2025 Nov 22];13:993\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/105072503322511427","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322511427"},{"key":"7751_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322511418","volume":"13","author":"M Braga-Basaria","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braga-Basaria M, Basaria S. Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Thyroid. 2003;13:991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/105072503322511418. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7751_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1507\/ENDOCRJ.44.571","volume":"44","author":"M Nishikawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nishikawa M, Yoshimura M, Yoshikawa N, Toyoda N, Yonemoto T, Ogawa Y, et al. Coexistence of an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule in a patient with graves\u2019 disease: an unusual presentation of Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Endocr J. 1997;44:571\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/ENDOCRJ.44.571. [cited 2025 Nov 22].","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"7751_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0055","author":"MN Soares","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soares MN, Borges-Canha M, Neves C, Neves JS, Carvalho D. The role of graves\u2019 disease in the development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ETJ-23-0055. [cited 2025 Nov 11];12.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"7751_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1007\/S00259-019-04472-8","volume":"46","author":"L Giovanella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giovanella L, Avram AM, Iakovou I, Kwak J, Lawson SA, Lulaj E, et al. EANM practice guideline\/SNMMI procedure standard for RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:2514\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00259-019-04472-8. [cited 2021 Dec 12].","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7751_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/S00508-011-0029-5","volume":"123","author":"HJ Biersack","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biersack HJ, Biermann K. The Marine-Lenhart syndrome revisited. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2011;123:459\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00508-011-0029-5. cited 2025 Nov 23.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"7751_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barrera CAB, Casta\u00f1o PA, Revollo PH, Paternina MEP, Arrieta LAR. Type 2 Marine-Lenhart Syndrome: An Uncommon Cause of Thyrotoxicosis. Cureus. 2021 [cited 2025 Nov 13];13:e20558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.20558","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.20558"},{"key":"7751_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R395","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-19-0129","volume":"26","author":"H Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu H, Cheng L, Jin Y, Chen L. Thyrotoxicosis with concomitant thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019;26:R395\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ERC-19-0129. [cited 2025 Nov 13].","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"7751_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stanzel S, Gy\u00fcr\u00fcs P, Kresnik E, Aigner R. A rare case of Marine-Lenhart syndrome with unilateral endocrine orbitopathy and H\u00fcrthle cell carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin; 2017 [cited 2025 Nov 13];56:N28\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3413\/NUKMED-0862-16-11","DOI":"10.3413\/NUKMED-0862-16-11"},{"key":"7751_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seifert P, Schenke S, Zimny M, Stahl A, Grunert M, Klemenz B, et al. Diagnostic performance of Kwak, EU, ACR, and Korean TIRADS as well as ATA guidelines for the ultrasound risk stratification of Non-Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in a region with long history of iodine deficiency: A German multicenter trial. Volume 13. Cancers (Basel); 2021. p. 4467. [cited 2023 Oct 25];. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CANCERS13174467.","DOI":"10.3390\/CANCERS13174467"},{"key":"7751_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00259-024-06629-6","author":"A Campenn\u00ec","year":"2024","unstructured":"Campenn\u00ec A, Ov\u010dari\u010dek PP, Giovanella L. On the rational use of thyroid scintigraphy in thyrotoxic patients in the age of integrated diagnostics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00259-024-06629-6. [cited 2024 Feb 25].","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7751_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1089\/THY.2013.0133","volume":"24","author":"G Boutzios","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boutzios G, Vasileiadis I, Zapanti E, Charitoudis G, Karakostas E, Ieromonachou P, et al. Higher incidence of tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in graves\u2019 disease. Thyroid. 2014;24:347\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/THY.2013.0133. [cited 2025 Nov 11].","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7751_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029926","DOI":"10.3389\/FONC.2022.1029926\/BIBTEX","volume":"12","author":"C Mu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mu C, Ming X, Tian Y, Liu Y, Yao M, Ni Y, et al. Mapping global epidemiology of thyroid nodules among general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1029926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FONC.2022.1029926\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Front Oncol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07751-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07751-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07751-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:26:14Z","timestamp":1777274774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07751-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["7751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07751-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Petra Petranovi\u0107 Ov\u010dari\u010dek and Luca Giovanella are Editorial Board Members of the EJNMMI.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}