{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:23:46Z","timestamp":1776378226934,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018502","name":"Kanazawa University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-026-07776-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T01:48:35Z","timestamp":1769651315000},"page":"3375-3390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stratifying risk of heart failure death and arrhythmic events: a \u00b9\u00b2\u00b3I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine-based multinomial logistic model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7188-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Nakahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hein J.","family":"Verberne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12005","volume":"1","author":"P Ponikowski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Anker SD, AlHabib KF, Cowie MR, Force TL, Hu S, et al. Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. ESC Heart Fail. 2014;1:4\u201325.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"7776_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.31662\/jmaj.2018-0049","volume":"2","author":"M Isobe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Isobe M. The heart failure \u201cpandemic\u201d in Japan: reconstruction of health care system in the highly aged society. JMA J. 2019;2:103\u201312.","journal-title":"JMA J"},{"key":"7776_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00875-9","volume":"402","author":"E Marijon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marijon E, Narayanan K, Smith K, Barra S, Basso C, Blom MT, et al. The Lancet commission to reduce the global burden of sudden cardiac death: a call for multidisciplinary action. Lancet. 2023;402:883\u2013936.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7776_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.014","volume":"55","author":"AF Jacobson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jacobson AF, Senior R, Cerqueira MD, Wong ND, Thomas GS, Lopez VA, et al. Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure. Results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView myocardial imaging for risk evaluation in heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2212\u201321.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu044","volume":"15","author":"DO Verschure","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verschure DO, Veltman CE, Manrique A, Somsen GA, Koutelou M, Katsikis A, et al. For what endpoint does myocardial 123I-MIBG scintigraphy have the greatest prognostic value in patients with chronic heart failure? Results of a pooled individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;15:996\u20131003.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.02.007","volume":"6","author":"T Nakata","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakata T, Nakajima K, Yamashina S, Yamada T, Momose M, Kasama S, et al. A pooled analysis of multicenter cohort studies of 123I-mIBG imaging of sympathetic innervation for assessment of long-term prognosis in heart failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:772\u201384.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verschure DO, Nakajima K, Jacobson AF, Verberne HJ. 40 years anniversary of cardiac 123I-mIBG imaging: state of the heart. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2021;14:5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12410-021-09555-5"},{"key":"7776_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-018-1394-5","volume":"26","author":"MI Travin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Travin MI, Matsunari I, Thomas GS, Nakajima K, Yoshinaga K. How do we establish cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging with (123)I-mIBG in clinical practice? Perspectives and lessons from Japan and the US. J Nucl Cardiol. 2019;26:1434\u201351.","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2759-x","volume":"41","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Nakata T, Yamada T, Yamashina S, Momose M, Kasama S, et al. A prediction model for 5-year cardiac mortality in patients with chronic heart failure using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:1673\u201382.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev322","volume":"17","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Nakata T, Matsuo S, Jacobson AF. Creation of mortality risk charts using 123I meta-iodobenzylguanidine heart-to-mediastinum ratio in patients with heart failure: 2- and 5-year risk models. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17:1138\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05663-y","volume":"49","author":"S Tamaki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamaki S, Yamada T, Watanabe T, Morita T, Kawasaki M, Kikuchi A, et al. Usefulness of the 2-year iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine-based risk model for post-discharge risk stratification of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49:1906\u201317.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.17996\/anc.23-00177","volume":"9","author":"Y Ishibashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ishibashi Y, Kasama S, Kurabayashi M, Ishii H. Validation of a five-year prognostic model using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in patients with heart failure. Ann Nucl Cardiol. 2023;9:40\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.042564","volume":"49","author":"D Nagahara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagahara D, Nakata T, Hashimoto A, Wakabayashi T, Kyuma M, Noda R, et al. Predicting the need for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator using cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine activity together with plasma natriuretic peptide concentration or left ventricular function. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:225\u201333.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7776_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.025","volume":"53","author":"S Tamaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tamaki S, Yamada T, Okuyama Y, Morita T, Sanada S, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Cardiac iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predicts sudden cardiac death independently of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from a comparative study with signal-averaged electrocardiogram, heart rate variability, and QT dispersion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:426\u201335.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.003","volume":"248","author":"DO Verschure","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verschure DO, de Groot JR, Mirzaei S, Gheysens O, Nakajima K, van Eck-Smit BLF, et al. Cardiac 123I-mIBG scintigraphy is associated with freedom of appropriate ICD therapy in stable chronic heart failure patients. Int J Cardiol. 2017;248:403\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.066","volume":"55","author":"MJ Boogers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boogers MJ, Borleffs CJ, Henneman MM, van Bommel RJ, van Ramshorst J, Boersma E, et al. Cardiac sympathetic denervation assessed with 123-iodine Metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predicts ventricular arrhythmias in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2769\u201377.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-020-02173-6","volume":"29","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Nakata T, Doi T, Tada H, Maruyama K. Machine learning-based risk model using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine to differentially predict modes of cardiac death in heart failure. J Nucl Cardiol. 2022;29:190\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-024-01131-4","volume":"14","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Nakata T, Doi T, Verschure DO, Frantellizzi V, De Feo MS, et al. Cardiac sympathetic activity and lethal arrhythmic events: insight into bell-shaped relationship between (123)I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine activity and event rates. EJNMMI Res. 2024;14:67.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"7776_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-017-0230-2","volume":"5","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Verschure DO, Okuda K, Verberne HJ. Standardization of 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine myocardial sympathetic activity imaging: phantom calibration and clinical applications. Clin Transl Imaging. 2017;5:255\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-010-9313-4","volume":"18","author":"K Okuda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okuda K, Nakajima K, Hosoya T, Ishikawa T, Konishi T, Matsubara K, et al. Semi-automated algorithm for calculating heart-to-mediastinum ratio in cardiac Iodine-123 MIBG imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2011;18:82\u20139.","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey016","volume":"19","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Nakata T, Doi T, Kadokami T, Matsuo S, Konno T, et al. Validation of 2-year 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine-based cardiac mortality risk model in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19:749\u201356.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013474","volume":"346","author":"AJ Moss","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877\u201383.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7776_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2025.02.019","volume":"22","author":"W Zareba","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zareba W. MADIT II trial: a 2002 breakthrough in primary prevention of mortality with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2025;22:882\u20133.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"7776_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.054","volume":"72","author":"SM Al-Khatib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, et al. 2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American college of Cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:e91\u2013220.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab560","volume":"42","author":"JP Curtain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Curtain JP, Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Petrie MC, Inzucchi SE, Kober L, et al. Effect of Dapagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or sudden death in DAPA-HF. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3727\u201338.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"7776_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-022-02951-4","volume":"29","author":"R Assante","year":"2022","unstructured":"Assante R, D\u2019Antonio A, Mannarino T, Nappi C, Gaudieri V, Zampella E, et al. Simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion and adrenergic innervation in patients with heart failure by low-dose dual-isotope CZT SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2022;29:3341\u201351.","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"7776_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev295","volume":"17","author":"IP Clements","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clements IP, Kelkar AA, Garcia EV, Butler J, Chen J, Folks R, et al. Prognostic significance of 123I-mIBG SPECT myocardial imaging in heart failure: differences between patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17:384\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"7776_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.06.005","author":"S Srivats","year":"2025","unstructured":"Srivats S, Zghyer F, Shahrori Z, Albert C, Al-Khatib SM, Chugh S, et al. Sudden cardiac arrest: limitations in risk-stratification and treatment, and the potential for digital technologies and artificial intelligence to improve prediction and outcomes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2025.06.005.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"7776_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e763","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00147-4","volume":"5","author":"K Reinier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reinier K, Dizon B, Chugh H, Bhanji Z, Seifer M, Sargsyan A, et al. Warning symptoms associated with imminent sudden cardiac arrest: a population-based case-control study with external validation. Lancet Digit Health. 2023;5:e763\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"7776_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608029","volume":"375","author":"L Kober","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kober L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbaek L, Korup E, et al. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1221\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7776_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2023.2239139","volume":"20","author":"M Conte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conte M, De Feo MS, Frantellizzi V, Di Rocco A, Farcomeni A, De Cristofaro F, et al. Sex differences in 123I-mIBG scintigraphy imaging techniques in patients with heart failure. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2023;20:769\u201378.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"7776_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-1131","volume":"85","author":"M Yamagishi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamagishi M, Tamaki N, Akasaka T, Ikeda T, Ueshima K, Uemura S, et al. JCS 2018 Guideline on Diagnosis of Chronic Coronary Heart Diseases. Circ J. 2021;85:402\u2013572.","journal-title":"Circ J"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07776-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07776-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07776-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:25:58Z","timestamp":1774401958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07776-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07776-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were applied according to the ethical standards enshrined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 amendment) or comparable ethical standards. The Ethics Committee at Kanazawa University approved this retrospective study (Approval number: 1553\/3020) and waived the need for written, informed consent to participate because only anonymized and retrospective data were analyzed. Participation in this multicenter study was approved by the ethics committees at each institution or followed comparable guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"K. Nakajima was affiliated with a department endowed by PDRadiopharma (Tokyo, Japan), Nihon Medi-Physics (Tokyo, Japan), and Siemens Healthcare Japan (Tokyo, Japan) till 2024, and has a collaborative research agreement with PDRadiopharma, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), which markets\n                      123\n                      I-\n                      m\n                      IBG (myoMIBG\u2122) in Japan. The company had no role in data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}