{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:55:07Z","timestamp":1781643307485,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"CHU Saint-\u00c9tienne"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has left many survivors with persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, chronic cough, and reduced exercise capacity. Fibrosis-like abnormalities on high-resolution CT are frequently reported in theses patient. This study aimed to describe the morphological pulmonary abnormalities identified on V\/Q SPECT\/CT after COVID-19 infection and to evaluate their functional consequences on regional ventilation and perfusion. We also sought to identify clinical predictors of abnormal V\/Q SPECT\/CT findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective multicenter study was based on a national registry of patients referred for V\/Q SPECT\/CT because of persistent respiratory symptoms after COVID-19 infection. CT abnormalities were characterized using standard radiological criteria. Ventilation and perfusion were visually graded using a five-point scale. Clinical, demographic, and acute COVID-19 characteristics were analyzed to identify predictors of abnormal imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 217 included patients (mean age 58\u2009\u00b1\u200915 years), 122 (56%) presented pulmonary abnormalities on V\/Q SPECT or CT. The most frequent parenchymal abnormalities were reticulations, consolidations, atelectasis, emphysema, and ground-glass opacities. Emphysema, consolidations, and fibrosis were associated with the most severe impairments of both ventilation and perfusion. Age and pre-existing chronic lung disease were the strongest predictors of abnormal imaging, while a mild acute COVID-19 course without oxygen therapy was protective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>V\/Q SPECT\/CT provides a comprehensive structural and functional assessment of long COVID pulmonary sequelae. It allows the differentiation between reversible inflammatory lesions and persistent structural abnormalities with lasting functional consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-026-07828-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:27:16Z","timestamp":1773707236000},"page":"4731-4744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functional alterations due to post-COVID-19 lung lesions \u2014 lessons from a multicenter V\/Q SPECT\/CT based registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6334-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Benoit","family":"Bonnefoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Pascal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Ceyrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Burg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheline","family":"Razzouk-Cadet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Moreau Triby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Biancheri Mounicq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Cyril","family":"Bourre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Salaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"7828_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:475\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01666-x","volume":"49","author":"H Akbarialiabad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akbarialiabad H, Taghrir MH, Abdollahi A, Ghahramani N, Kumar M, Paydar S, et al. Long COVID, a comprehensive systematic scoping review. Infection. 2021;49:1163\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01666-x.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"7828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27309","volume":"94","author":"P Malik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malik P, Patel K, Pinto C, Jaiswal R, Tirupathi R, Pillai S, et al. Post-acute COVID\u201019 syndrome (PCS) and health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL)\u2014a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. J Med Virol. 2022;94:253\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27309.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"7828_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215818","volume":"76","author":"S Mandal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mandal S, Barnett J, Brill SE, Brown JS, Denneny EK, Hare SS, et al. Long-COVID\u2019: a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19. Thorax. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 2021;76:396\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215818.","journal-title":"BMJ Publishing Group Ltd"},{"key":"7828_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220449","volume":"304","author":"BM Elicker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elicker BM. What are the long-term pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 infection? Radiology. 2022;304:193\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.220449.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7828_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7414","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2025-496","volume":"17","author":"K Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie K, Zhang P, Li Y, Xia L. The post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae: manifestations, mechanisms and treatment strategies. J Thorac Dis. 2025;17:7414\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-2025-496.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"7828_CR7","unstructured":"NICEguideline. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. NICE Guideline 2020 (updated 2024) ;1\u201350 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng188"},{"key":"7828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2024.0024","volume":"56","author":"J-W Seo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seo J-W, Kim SE, Kim Y, Kim EJ, Kim T, Kim T, et al. Updated clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of long COVID. Infect Chemother. 2024;56:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2024.0024.","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"7828_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122141","volume":"11","author":"M Giuliano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giuliano M, Tiple D, Agostoni P, Armocida B, Biardi L, Bonfigli AR, et al. Italian good practice recommendations on management of persons with Long-COVID. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1122141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122141.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"7828_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02174-2021","volume":"60","author":"KM Antoniou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antoniou KM, Vasarmidi E, Russell A-M, Andrejak C, Crestani B, Delcroix M, et al. European Respiratory Society statement on long COVID follow-up. Eur Respir J. 2022;60:2102174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02174-2021.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BonnefoyP-B, Pascal P, Ceyrat Q, Burg S, Razzouk-Cadet M, Triby CM et al. Interest of ventilation\/perfusion SPECT\/CT in patients with post-COVID condition: a multicenter observational study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025;53:531\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07374-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07374-0"},{"key":"7828_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00159-5","author":"SJ Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh SJ, Baldwin MM, Daynes E, Evans RA, Greening NJ, Jenkins RG, et al. Respiratory sequelae of COVID-19: pulmonary and extrapulmonary origins, and approaches to clinical care and rehabilitation. Lancet Respir Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00159-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2025-433","volume":"17","author":"S Meiler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meiler S, Schmalenberger D, Malfertheiner M, Dvorak I, Strotzer Q, Stroszczynski C, et al. Chest computed tomography findings do not influence the decision of pneumologists regarding the diagnosis and management of pulmonary long coronavirus disease: a single center retrospective study. J Thorac Dis. 2025;17:5654\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-2025-433.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"7828_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22020308","volume":"22","author":"AC Coelho-Oliveira","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coelho-Oliveira AC, Taiar R, Jaques-Albuquerque LT, Val\u00e9rio-Penha AG, Reis-Silva A, Ferreira-Souza LF, et al. SPECT\/CT scan images to evaluate COVID-19 pulmonary complications: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025;22:308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22020308.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"7828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004426","volume":"48","author":"P-Y Le Roux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le Roux P-Y, Schafer WM, Blanc-Beguin F, Tulchinsky M. Ventilation scintigraphy with radiolabeled carbon nanoparticulate aerosol (Technegas) state-of-the-art review and diagnostic applications to pulmonary embolism during COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Nucl Med. 2023;48:8\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004426.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"7828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.09.038","volume":"184","author":"PB Bonnefoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonnefoy PB, Margelidon-Cozzolino V, Catella-chatron J, Ayoub E, Guichard JB, Murgier M, et al. What\u2019s next after the clot? Residual pulmonary vascular obstruction after pulmonary embolism\u202f: From imaging fi nding to clinical consequences. Thromb Res. 2019;184:67\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.09.038.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"7828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stavros V, Konstantinides G, Meyer C, Becattini H, Bueno G-J, Geersing V-P, Harjola, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2019;543\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz405.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz405"},{"key":"7828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30407-0","volume":"9","author":"RT Dhawan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dhawan RT, Gopalan D, Howard L, Vicente A, Park M, Manalan K, et al. Beyond the clot: perfusion imaging of the pulmonary vasculature after COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:107\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30407-0.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mednuc.2018.06.003","volume":"42","author":"P-B Bonnefoy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonnefoy P-B, Margelidon-Cozzolino V, Glenat M. Apports de l\u2019acquisition TDM coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 la scintigraphie pulmonaire dans l\u2019exploration d\u2019une suspicion d\u2019embolie pulmonaire. Med Nucl. 2018;42:248\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mednuc.2018.06.003.","journal-title":"Med Nucl"},{"key":"7828_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mednuc.2021.01.001","volume":"45","author":"P-Y Le Roux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Roux P-Y, Blanc-B\u00e9guin F, Bonnefoy P-B, Bourhis D, Camilleri S, Moreau-Triby C, et al. Guide pour la r\u00e9daction de protocoles pour la scintigraphie pulmonaire. Med Nucl. 2021;45:85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mednuc.2021.01.001.","journal-title":"Med Nucl"},{"key":"7828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.970808","volume":"9","author":"R Le Pennec","year":"2022","unstructured":"Le Pennec R, Tromeur C, Orione C, Robin P, Le Mao R, Gut-Gobert C, et al. Quantification of the pulmonary vascular obstruction index on ventilation\/perfusion lung scintigraphy: comparison of a segmental visual scoring to the Meyer score. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:970808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.970808.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"7828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232558","volume":"310","author":"AA Bankier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bankier AA, MacMahon H, Colby T, Gevenois PA, Goo JM, Leung ANC, et al. Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology. 2024;310:e232558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.232558.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.71.850.10211060","volume":"71","author":"PD Edwards","year":"1998","unstructured":"Edwards PD, Bull RK, Coulden R. CT measurement of main pulmonary artery diameter. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:1018\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.71.850.10211060.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"7828_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01268022","volume":"17","author":"G Meyer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Meyer G, Collignon MA, Guinet F, Jeffrey AA, Barritault L, Sors H. Comparison of perfusion lung scanning and angiography in the estimation of vascular obstruction in acute pulmonary embolism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 1990;17:315\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01268022.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7828_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e540","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004261","volume":"47","author":"P-B Bonnefoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonnefoy P-B, Bahloul A, Denizot B, Barres B, Moreau-Triby C, Girma A, et al. Functional alterations due to COVID-19 lung lesions\u2014lessons from a multicenter V\/Q scan-based registry. Clin Nucl Med. 2022;47:e540\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004261.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"7828_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02163-x","volume":"23","author":"JH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee JH, Yim J-J, Park J. Pulmonary function and chest computed tomography abnormalities 6\u201312 months after recovery from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2022;23:233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-02163-x.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"7828_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109676","volume":"138","author":"M Balbi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balbi M, Conti C, Imeri G, Caroli A, Surace A, Corsi A, et al. Post-discharge chest CT findings and pulmonary function tests in severe COVID-19 patients. Eur J Radiol. 2021;138:109676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109676.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"7828_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00174-0","volume":"9","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Li R, Zhan Q, et al. 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:747\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00174-0.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01994-y","volume":"23","author":"P Faverio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faverio P, Luppi F, Rebora P, D\u2019Andrea G, Stainer A, Busnelli S, et al. One-year pulmonary impairment after severe COVID-19: a prospective, multicenter follow-up study. Respir Res. 2022;23:65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-01994-y.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"7828_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.55.091902.103810","volume":"55","author":"VJ Thannickal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thannickal VJ, Toews GB, White ES, Iii JPL, Martinez FJ. Mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. Annual Rev Med Annual Reviews. 2004;55:395\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.med.55.091902.103810.","journal-title":"Annual Rev Med Annual Reviews"},{"key":"7828_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03690-2020","volume":"57","author":"SA Guler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guler SA, Ebner L, Aubry-Beigelman C, Bridevaux P-O, Brutsche M, Clarenbach C, et al. Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study. Eur Respir J. 2021;57:2003690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.03690-2020.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7828_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03448-2020","volume":"57","author":"TV Lerum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lerum TV, Aal\u00f8kken TM, Br\u00f8nstad E, Aarli B, Ikdahl E, Lund KMA, et al. Dyspnoea, lung function and CT findings 3\u2005months after hospital admission for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2021;57:2003448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.03448-2020.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7828_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106435","volume":"184","author":"J Frija-Masson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frija-Masson J, Debray M-P, Boussouar S, Khalil A, Bancal C, Motiejunaite J, et al. Residual ground glass opacities three months after Covid-19 pneumonia correlate to alteration of respiratory function: the post Covid M3 study. Respir Med. 2021;184:106435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106435.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211670","volume":"304","author":"AK Luger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luger AK, Sonnweber T, Gruber L, Schwabl C, Cima K, Tymoszuk P, et al. Chest CT of Lung Injury 1 Year after COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CovILD Study. Radiology. 2022;304:462\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.211670.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7828_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01612-2023","volume":"64","author":"X Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han X, Chen L, Guo L, Wu L, Alwalid O, Liu J, et al. Long-term radiological and pulmonary function abnormalities at 3\u2005years after COVID-19 hospitalisation: a longitudinal cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2024;64:2301612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01612-2023.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"7828_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195687","volume":"11","author":"TL Katzenstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katzenstein TL, Christensen J, Lund TK, Kalhauge A, R\u00f6nsholt F, Podlekareva D, et al. Relation of pulmonary diffusing capacity decline to HRCT and VQ SPECT\/CT findings at early follow-up after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study (the SECURe study). J Clin Med. 2022;11:5687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11195687.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7828_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07598-0","author":"TW Helt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Helt TW, Thomsen RS, Christensen J, Lund TK, Kalhauge A, R\u00f6nsholt F, et al. Relation of pulmonary diffusing capacity changes to HRCT chest and V\/Q SPECT findings at short-term and intermediate follow-up after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study (the secure study). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07598-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7828_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2023.09.012","volume":"79","author":"GL Bailey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bailey GL, Copley SJ. CT features of acute COVID-19 and long-term follow-up. Clin Radiol. 2024;79:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2023.09.012.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"7828_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00104","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00104-2024","volume":"10","author":"B Renaud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Renaud B, Chocron R, Reverdito G, Blanchard A, Hua-Huy T, Diehl J-L, et al. Persistent disabilities 28\u2005months after COVID-19 hospitalisation, a prospective cohort study. ERJ Open Res. 2024;10:00104\u20132024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00104-2024.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"7828_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060785","volume":"146","author":"R Knight","year":"2022","unstructured":"Knight R, Walker V, Ip S, Cooper JA, Bolton T, Keene S, et al. Association of COVID-19 with major arterial and venous thrombotic diseases: a population-wide cohort study of 48\u00a0million adults in England and Wales. Circulation. 2022;146:892\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060785.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"7828_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106215","volume":"89","author":"K Romero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romero K, Kaboth P, Rath N, Reissig D, Kaempf D, Nienhaus A, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2024;89:106215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106215.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7828_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","volume":"75","author":"B Bikdeli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:2950\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7828_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4700","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09618-9","volume":"33","author":"I Mohamed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamed I, De Broucker V, Duhamel A, Giordano J, Ego A, Fonne N, et al. Pulmonary circulation abnormalities in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: dual-energy CT angiographic findings in 79 patients. Eur Radiol. 2023;33:4700\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09618-9.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7828_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.25.03703-3","author":"LE Pennec","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pennec LE, Robin R, Righini P, Gal MLE, Salaun G. Lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S1824-4785.25.03703-3.","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7828_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.25.03692-1","author":"P-B Bonnefoy","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bonnefoy P-B, Tromeur C, Bertoletti L, Roux LE. Role and interpretation of lung scintigraphy for long-term management of pulmonary embolism. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S1824-4785.25.03692-1.","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7828_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001655","volume":"44","author":"E Rahmanipour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahmanipour E, Ghorbani M, Sadeghi R, Sadraei N, Borhani A, Mohammadi S, et al. Diagnostic importance of lung perfusion\/ventilation scans in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: systematic review of the literature. Nucl Med Commun. 2023;44:178\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001655.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"7828_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-1438","volume":"9","author":"X Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin X, Xi X, Min X, Feng Z, Li B, Cai W, et al. Long-term chest CT follow-up in COVID-19 survivors: 102\u2013361 days after onset. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9:1231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-21-1438.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"7828_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.2001330","volume":"15","author":"B Rabiee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rabiee B, Eibschutz LS, Asadollahi S, Gupta A, Akhlaghpoor S, Gholamrezanezhad A. The role of imaging techniques in understanding and evaluating the long-term pulmonary effects of COVID-19. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021;15:1525\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17476348.2021.2001330.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08605-w","volume":"32","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Li H, Xiao S, Li Z, Zhao X, Xie J, et al. Abnormal dynamic ventilation function of COVID-19 survivors detected by pulmonary free-breathing proton MRI. Eur Radiol. 2022;32:5297\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-022-08605-w.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7828_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc8180","volume":"7","author":"H Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li H, Zhao X, Wang Y, Lou X, Chen S, Deng H, et al. Damaged lung gas exchange function of discharged COVID-19 patients detected by hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabc8180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abc8180.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"7828_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E353","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021210033","volume":"301","author":"JT Grist","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grist JT, Chen M, Collier GJ, Raman B, Abueid G, McIntyre A, et al. Hyperpolarized129 xe MRI abnormalities in dyspneic patients 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia: preliminary results. Radiology. 2021;301(1):E353\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2021210033.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7828_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.124.268980","author":"MG Trivieri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trivieri MG, Devesa A, Robson PM, Bose S, Cangut B, Liao S, et al. Prevalence of persistent cardiovascular and pulmonary abnormalities on PET\/MRI and DECT imaging in long COVID patients. J Nucl Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.124.268980.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7828_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07656-7","author":"S Verma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Verma S, Lan NSR, Espedal H, Ong J, Roy A, Ahmad A, et al. Persistent lung and vascular inflammation in mild to moderate COVID-19 survivors detected by 18F-FDG PET\/CT: A quantitative imaging study with implications for cardiovascular risk. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-025-07656-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7828_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106383","volume":"181","author":"A Froidure","year":"2021","unstructured":"Froidure A, Mahsouli A, Liistro G, De Greef J, Belkhir L, G\u00e9rard L, et al. Integrative respiratory follow-up of severe COVID-19 reveals common functional and lung imaging sequelae. Respir Med. 2021;181:106383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106383.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"7828_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00575","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00575-2022","volume":"9","author":"TV Lerum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lerum TV, Meltzer C, Rodriguez JR, Aal\u00f8kken TM, Br\u00f8nstad E, Aarli BB, et al. A prospective study of pulmonary outcomes and chest computed tomography in the first year after COVID-19. ERJ Open Res. 2023;9:00575\u20132022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00575-2022.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"7828_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.039438","volume":"48","author":"N Tunariu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tunariu N, Gibbs SJR, Win Z, Gin-sing W, Graham A, Gishen P. Ventilation \u2013 perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:680\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.106.039438.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"7828_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1170-5","volume":"36","author":"M Bajc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bajc M, Neilly JB, Miniati M, Schuemichen C, Meignan M, Jonson B. EANM guidelines for ventilation\/perfusion scintigraphy: Part 1. Pulmonary imaging with ventilation\/perfusion single photon emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1356\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-009-1170-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7828_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04450-0","volume":"46","author":"M Bajc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bajc M, Sch\u00fcmichen C, Gr\u00fcning T, Lindqvist A, Le Roux P-Y, Alatri A, et al. EANM guideline for ventilation\/perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and beyond. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:2429\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-019-04450-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07828-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07828-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07828-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:14:47Z","timestamp":1781640887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07828-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07828-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by Nuclear Medicine Research Ethics Committee. Trial was register under number CEMEN 2022-03 the 26\/04\/2022. Date of enrollment of the first participant to the trial was 2\/8\/22. Clinical trial number: not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests related to this work to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}