{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:06:45Z","timestamp":1783598805058,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015613","name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized vessels with heterogeneous presentations and a challenging diagnosis. While [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT is established in large-vessel vasculitis, its role in PAN remains unclear. A distinctive \u201cant-farm\u201d uptake pattern has recently been associated with PAN. This study assessed the diagnostic value of [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT in PAN.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients diagnosed with PAN who underwent [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT between 2010 and 2025 were retrospectively included. Scans were blindly reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians using a standardized grid. Abnormal uptakes, including the \u201cant-farm\u201d pattern, were systematically recorded and correlated with clinical, biological, and histopathological data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-seven patients were included. Abnormal uptake was frequently found in the bone marrow (83%), lymph nodes (40%), and spleen (34%). Abnormal vascular uptake was observed in 36% of cases, predominantly in the femoral and tibial arteries. The \u201cant-farm\u201d pattern was identified in 34% of patients with excellent inter-observer reproducibility (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.80). It was more frequent with recent PET\/CT devices and whole-body acquisitions and was associated with higher C-reactive protein levels and fewer PAN-suggestive biopsies. Distinct uptake patterns were observed in etiologies of secondary PAN, including VEXAS syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT is a valuable diagnostic tool in PAN and may also help identify secondary causes. The consistent \u201cant-farm\u201d pattern may help distinguish patients with more inflammatory features, negative biopsy results and less PAN-related organ involvement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-026-07857-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:42:54Z","timestamp":1775781774000},"page":"4745-4756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["[18F]FDG PET\/CT value in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with polyarteritis nodosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0647-3430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Martinage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Guyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauthier","family":"Delaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Huglo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ledoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clio","family":"Baillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7857_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.029","volume":"48\u201349","author":"J Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez J, Alba MA, Prieto-Gonz\u00e1lez S, Cid MC. Diagnosis and Classification of Polyarteritis Nodosa. J Autoimmun 1 f\u00e9vr. 2014;48\u201349:84\u20139.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun 1 f\u00e9vr"},{"issue":"2","key":"7857_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27240","volume":"62","author":"C Pagnoux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pagnoux C, Seror R, Henegar C, Mahr A, Cohen P, Le Guern V, et al. Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: a systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database. Arthritis Rheum f\u00e9vr. 2010;62(2):616\u201326.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum f\u00e9vr"},{"issue":"6","key":"7857_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.02.015","volume":"15","author":"A De Virgilio","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Virgilio A, Greco A, Magliulo G, Gallo A, Ruoppolo G, Conte M, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa: A contemporary overview. Autoimmun Rev juin. 2016;15(6):564\u201370.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev juin"},{"issue":"8","key":"7857_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330805","volume":"33","author":"RW Lightfoot","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lightfoot RW, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Zvaifler NJ, McShane DJ, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum ao\u00fbt. 1990;33(8):1088\u201393.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum ao\u00fbt"},{"issue":"5","key":"7857_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23470","volume":"58","author":"C Henegar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henegar C, Pagnoux C, Pu\u00e9chal X, Zucker JD, Bar-Hen A, Le Guern V, et al. A paradigm of diagnostic criteria for polyarteritis nodosa: analysis of a series of 949 patients with vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum mai. 2008;58(5):1528\u201338.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum mai"},{"issue":"6","key":"7857_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224543","volume":"83","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Bond M, Bosch P, Ponte C, Mackie SL, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice: 2023 update. Ann Rheum Dis 15 mai. 2024;83(6):741\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis 15 mai"},{"issue":"4","key":"7857_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab591","volume":"61","author":"A Fagart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fagart A, Machet T, Collet G, Qu\u00e9m\u00e9neur T, Ben Ticha R, Verstraete M, et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\u2013computed tomography findings in a first series of 10 patients with polyarteritis nodosa. Rheumatol 11 avr. 2022;61(4):1663\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol 11 avr"},{"issue":"4","key":"7857_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i4.918","volume":"11","author":"JH Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang JH, Kim J. Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as leg pain with resolution of positron emission tomography-images: A case report. World J Clin Cases 6 f\u00e9vr. 2023;11(4):918\u201321.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases 6 f\u00e9vr"},{"key":"7857_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philip R, Nganoa C, De Boysson H, Aouba A. 18FDG PET\/CT: an aid for the early diagnosis of paucisymptomatic polyarteritis nodosa. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024;63(6):e181\u20132.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead655"},{"issue":"3","key":"7857_CR10","first-page":"rkae095","volume":"8","author":"K Taimen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taimen K, Koskivirta I, Piril\u00e4 L, M\u00e4kisalo H, Sepp\u00e4nen M, Allonen T. Polyarteritis nodosa with abdominal bleeding: imaging with PET\/CT and angiography on the same day. Rheumatol Adv Pract 6 ao\u00fbt. 2024;8(3):rkae095.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract 6 ao\u00fbt"},{"key":"7857_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2025.152864","volume":"75","author":"N Eshak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eshak N, Yancey K, Martinez F, Mead-Harvey C, Mumtaz S, Mertz LE, et al. Role of F-18 FDG-PET CT scan in the evaluation of medium vessel vasculitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 6 nov. 2025;75:152864.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum 6 nov"},{"key":"7857_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Mukai T, Fujita S, Koide Y, Ono Y, Inubushi M et al. The \u00ab Ant-farm \u00bb-like Appearance of Restricted Lower Limb Vasculitis on Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron Emission Tomography. Intern Med. 2022;61(6):897\u2013902.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8016-21"},{"issue":"12","key":"7857_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e682","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000005517","volume":"49","author":"PJ Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown PJ, Huang S, Martinez F. 18 F-FDG PET\/CT in the Evaluation of Polyarteritis Nodosa. Clin Nucl Med 1 d\u00e9c. 2024;49(12):e682\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med 1 d\u00e9c"},{"key":"7857_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triaille C, Benali S, Barsalou J, Haddad E, Kokta V, Kraus R et al. F18-FDG PET-CT Findings in Juvenile-Onset Polyarteritis Nodosa: A First Series and Literature Review. J Clin Med. 27 avr. 2025;14(9):3012.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093012"},{"key":"7857_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mujukian A, Kay M, Marks JL. Symptomatic lower limb large vessel vasculitis presenting as fever of unknown origin diagnosed on FDG-PET\/CT. 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Widespread vascular inflammation in a patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis as detected by positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging nov. 2014;41(11):2167\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging nov"},{"key":"7857_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103093","volume":"139","author":"J Rohmer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rohmer J, Nguyen Y, Trefond L, Agard C, Allain JS, Berezne A, et al. Clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with systemic polyarteritis nodosa diagnosed since 2005: Data from 196 patients. J Autoimmun sept. 2023;139:103093.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun sept"},{"issue":"10","key":"7857_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(01)00459-3","volume":"22","author":"L L\u00e9v\u00eaque","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00e9v\u00eaque L, Turcu A, Bielefeld P, Gresset AC, Duong M, Friedel J, et al. [Adult cutaneous periarteritis nodosa and dental infections. Role of streptococci]. Rev Med Interne oct. 2001;22(10):992\u20136.","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne oct"},{"issue":"8","key":"7857_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-024-03763-9","volume":"19","author":"R Bixio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bixio R, Bindoli S, Morciano A, Padoan R, Aldegheri F, Mastropaolo F, et al. The role of 18FDG\u2013PET imaging in VEXAS syndrome: a multicentric case series and a systematic review of the literature. Intern Emerg Med. 2024;19(8):2331\u201345.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07857-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07857-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07857-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:43:39Z","timestamp":1781646219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07857-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-026-07857-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective observational study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study complied with French data protection regulations and was declared to the National Commission for Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL, number 2025\u2009\u2212\u2009411). In accordance with French legislation for retrospective studies using anonymized data, formal approval from an institutional review board was not required. All data were anonymized prior to analysis, and the absence of patient opposition to the use of their clinical data for research purposes was verified.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable as no identifiable individual patient data are included.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}