{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:27:12Z","timestamp":1786750032431,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Several centrally acting medications may interfere with dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging using [\u00b9\u00b2\u00b3I]I-FP-CIT SPECT, potentially leading to misinterpretation. We therefore evaluated the effects of several medications on striatal DAT binding assessed by [\n                      <jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>\n                      I]I-FP-CIT SPECT in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). PD patients with abnormal [\u00b9\u00b2\u00b3I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scans, and available medication and clinical data, were included. The effects of bupropion, venlafaxine, methylphenidate, modafinil, and codeine were assessed. Striatal specific binding ratios (SBRs) of the caudate nucleus and putamen were analysed using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for relevant covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 752 PD patients were included. Use of the evaluated medications was associated with lower SBRs in the ipsilateral and contralateral caudate nucleus (-13.5% and -13.7%, respectively) and putamen (-6.5% and -8.2%, respectively; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Medication-specific analyses showed the largest reductions for methylphenidate and modafinil, with relative reductions in caudate nucleus SBRs of up to -33.2% and -25.5%, respectively (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In contrast, bupropion and venlafaxine were associated with smaller, but still significant, reductions, whereas no significant associations were observed for codeine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of methylphenidate and modafinil in particular is associated with significantly reduced striatal [\u00b9\u00b2\u00b3I]I-FP-CIT binding in PD patients. Medication use should be carefully considered when interpreting DAT SPECT scans. Temporary discontinuation may be considered in selected cases when clinically appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-026-08136-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:59:21Z","timestamp":1786748361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of use of medications on striatal dopamine transporter binding assessed by [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease from the PPMI cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3069-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah Nour","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6793-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilham","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6378-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Booij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"Chahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"8136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.263197","volume":"63","author":"ED Wallert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wallert ED, van de Giessen E, Knol RJJ, Beudel M, de Bie RMA, Booij J. Imaging Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Nucl Med. 2022;63:S27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.121.263197.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Palermo G, Ceravolo R. Molecular Imaging of the Dopamine Transporter. Cells. 2019;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8080872.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080872"},{"key":"8136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<692::aid-mds1014>3.0.co;2-v","volume":"15","author":"HT Benamer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benamer HT, Patterson J, Wyper DJ, Hadley DM, Macphee GJ, Grosset DG. Correlation of Parkinson\u2019s disease severity and duration with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT striatal uptake. Mov Disord. 2000;15:692\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4%3C692::aid-mds1014%3E3.0.co;2-v.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8136_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21710","volume":"22","author":"E Tolosa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tolosa E, Borght TV, Moreno E, Da TCUPSSG. Accuracy of DaTSCAN (123I-Ioflupane) SPECT in diagnosis of patients with clinically uncertain parkinsonism: 2-year follow-up of an open-label study. Mov Disord. 2007;22:2346\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.21710.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157370","volume":"81","author":"G Kagi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kagi G, Bhatia KP, Tolosa E. The role of DAT-SPECT in movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157370.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0134457","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134457","volume":"10","author":"MF Covington","year":"2015","unstructured":"Covington MF, Sherman S, Lewis D, Lei H, Krupinski E, Kuo PH. Patient Survey on Satisfaction and Impact of 123I-Ioflupane Dopamine Transporter Imaging. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0134457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0134457.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8136_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.60","volume":"65","author":"B Jeon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jeon B, Kim JM, Jeong JM, Kim KM, Chang YS, Lee DS, et al. Dopamine transporter imaging with [123I]-beta-CIT demonstrates presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage in Wilson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65:60\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.60.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-018-1297-1","volume":"33","author":"MGM Rahman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rahman MGM, Islam MM, Tsujikawa T, Kiyono Y, Okazawa H. Count-based method for specific binding ratio calculation in [I-123]FP-CIT SPECT analysis. Ann Nucl Med. 2019;33:14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12149-018-1297-1.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR9","first-page":"1091","volume":"40","author":"JB Habraken","year":"1999","unstructured":"Habraken JB, Booij J, Slomka P, Sokole EB, van Royen EA. Quantification and visualization of defects of the functional dopaminergic system using an automatic algorithm. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1091\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000794","volume":"40","author":"J Joutsa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joutsa J, Johansson J, Kaasinen V. Is Occipital Cortex a Valid Reference Region in 123I-FP-CIT SPECT Imaging? Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40:615\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000794.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-007-0621-0","volume":"35","author":"J Booij","year":"2008","unstructured":"Booij J, Kemp P. Dopamine transporter imaging with [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT: potential effects of drugs. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:424\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-007-0621-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"8136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06171-x","volume":"50","author":"Y Chahid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chahid Y, Sheikh ZH, Mitropoulos M, Booij J. A systematic review of the potential effects of medications and drugs of abuse on dopamine transporter imaging using [(123)I]I-FP-CIT SPECT in routine practice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50:1974\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06171-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"8136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000540105","volume":"24","author":"IH Kang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kang IH, Bega D. The Impact of Drug Interactions on the Results of DAT-SPECT Imaging in a Specialty Movement Disorders Practice: A Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes. Neurodegener Dis. 2024;24:91\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000540105.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"8136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005","volume":"95","author":"Parkinson Progression Marker I. The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI)","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parkinson Progression Marker I. The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). Prog Neurobiol. 2011;95:629\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"8136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.644","volume":"5","author":"K Marek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marek K, Chowdhury S, Siderowf A, Lasch S, Coffey CS, Caspell-Garcia C, et al. The Parkinson\u2019s progression markers initiative (PPMI) - establishing a PD biomarker cohort. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2018;5:1460\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.644.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"8136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06989-z","volume":"52","author":"I Apostolova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Apostolova I, Hellwig S, Karimzadeh A, Klutmann S, Meyer PT, Buchert R. Reliable diagnosis of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter SPECT despite drug interaction with venlafaxine or bupropion. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025;52:1549\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-024-06989-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"8136_CR17","first-page":"554","volume":"37","author":"ND Volkow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Ding YS, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Logan J, Gatley SJ, et al. Dopamine transporters decrease with age. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:554\u20139.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90423-9","volume":"508","author":"JO Rinne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rinne JO, Lonnberg P, Marjamaki P. Age-dependent decline in human brain dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Brain Res. 1990;508:349\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90423-9.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"8136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590000279","volume":"27","author":"J Lavalaye","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lavalaye J, Booij J, Reneman L, Habraken JB, van Royen EA. Effect of age and gender on dopamine transporter imaging with [123I]FP-CIT SPET in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:867\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002590000279.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.01.008","volume":"59","author":"CA Munro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Munro CA, McCaul ME, Wong DF, Oswald LM, Zhou Y, Brasic J, et al. Sex differences in striatal dopamine release in healthy adults. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59:966\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.01.008.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.007","volume":"40","author":"PS Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen PS, Yang YK, Yeh TL, Lee IH, Yao WJ, Chiu NT, et al. Correlation between body mass index and striatal dopamine transporter availability in healthy volunteers\u2013a SPECT study. NeuroImage. 2008;40:275\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.007.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"8136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10579","volume":"18","author":"W Pirker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pirker W. Correlation of dopamine transporter imaging with parkinsonian motor handicap: how close is it? Mov Disord. 2003;18(Suppl 7):S43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10579.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.11.2089","volume":"57","author":"K Marek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marek K, Innis R, van Dyck C, Fussell B, Early M, Eberly S, et al. [123I]beta-CIT SPECT imaging assessment of the rate of Parkinson\u2019s disease progression. Neurology. 2001;57:2089\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.57.11.2089.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"8136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283","volume":"114","author":"JM Fearnley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fearnley JM, Lees AJ. Ageing and Parkinson\u2019s disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain. 1991;114(Pt 5):2283\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000424","volume":"82","author":"K Marek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marek K, Seibyl J, Eberly S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Lang AE, et al. Longitudinal follow-up of SWEDD subjects in the PRECEPT Study. Neurology. 2014;82:1791\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000424.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8136_CR26","first-page":"359","volume":"48","author":"J Booij","year":"2007","unstructured":"Booij J, de Jong J, de Bruin K, Knol R, de Win MM, van Eck-Smit BL. Quantification of striatal dopamine transporters with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT is influenced by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy control subjects. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:359\u201366.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00052-5","volume":"58","author":"SJ Gatley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gatley SJ, Pan D, Chen R, Chaturvedi G, Ding YS. Affinities of methylphenidate derivatives for dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters. Life Sci. 1996;58:231\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00052-5.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"8136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RC121","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-02-j0001.2001","volume":"21","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang G, Fowler JS, Logan J, Gerasimov M, Maynard L, et al. Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain. J Neurosci. 2001;21:RC121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-02-j0001.2001.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"8136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10038","volume":"43","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Franceschi D, Maynard L, et al. Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: therapeutic implications. Synapse. 2002;43:181\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.10038.","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"8136_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PL7","DOI":"10.1016\/s0024-3205(99)00225-8","volume":"65","author":"ND Volkow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Fischman M, Foltin R, Abumrad NN, et al. Methylphenidate and cocaine have a similar in vivo potency to block dopamine transporters in the human brain. Life Sci. 1999;65:PL7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0024-3205(99)00225-8.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"8136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1325","volume":"155","author":"ND Volkow","year":"1998","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Gatley SJ, Logan J, Ding YS, et al. Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:1325\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1325.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.106583","volume":"319","author":"BK Madras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Madras BK, Xie Z, Lin Z, Jassen A, Panas H, Lynch L, et al. Modafinil occupies dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in vivo and modulates the transporters and trace amine activity in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;319:561\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.106.106583.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"8136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.351","volume":"301","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Logan J, Alexoff D, Zhu W, Telang F, et al. Effects of modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the male human brain: clinical implications. JAMA. 2009;301:1148\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.351.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8136_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3182816500","volume":"39","author":"P Borghammer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borghammer P, Knudsen K, Danielsen E, Ostergaard K. False-positive 123I-FP-CIT scintigraphy and suggested dopamine transporter upregulation due to chronic modafinil treatment. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39:e87\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3182816500.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"8136_CR35","first-page":"395","volume":"56","author":"JA Ascher","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ascher JA, Cole JO, Colin JN, Feighner JP, Ferris RM, Fibiger HC, et al. Bupropion: a review of its mechanism of antidepressant activity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:395\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(02)01834-6","volume":"54","author":"SM Learned-Coughlin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Learned-Coughlin SM, Bergstrom M, Savitcheva I, Ascher J, Schmith VD, Langstrom B. In vivo activity of bupropion at the human dopamine transporter as measured by positron emission tomography. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:800\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(02)01834-6.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.08.016","volume":"89","author":"M Argyelan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Argyelan M, Szabo Z, Kanyo B, Tanacs A, Kovacs Z, Janka Z, et al. Dopamine transporter availability in medication free and in bupropion treated depression: a 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT study. J Affect Disord. 2005;89:115\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2005.08.016.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8136_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631357","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631357","volume":"12","author":"I Milenkovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milenkovic I, Bartova L, Papageorgiou K, Kasper S, Traub-Weidinger T, Winkler D. Case Report: Bupropion Reduces the [(123)I]FP-CIT Binding to Striatal Dopamine Transporter. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:631357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631357.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000359","volume":"42","author":"EA Honkanen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Honkanen EA, Kemppainen N, Noponen T, Seppanen M, Joutsa J, Kaasinen V. Bupropion Causes Misdiagnosis in Brain Dopamine Transporter Imaging for Parkinsonism. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2019;42:181\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000359.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"8136_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(97)01393-9","volume":"340","author":"M Tatsumi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E. Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997;340:249\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-2999(97)01393-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"8136_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(01)01145-3","volume":"50","author":"MJ Owens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Owens MJ, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB. Second-generation SSRIs: human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R-fluoxetine. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50:345\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(01)01145-3.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8136_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31802e0017","volume":"27","author":"Y Shang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shang Y, Gibbs MA, Marek GJ, Stiger T, Burstein AH, Marek K, et al. Displacement of serotonin and dopamine transporters by venlafaxine extended release capsule at steady state: a [123I]2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane single photon emission computed tomography imaging study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27:71\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31802e0017.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"8136_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.011","volume":"118","author":"H Hou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hou H, Yin S, Jia S, Hu S, Sun T, Chen Q, et al. Decreased striatal dopamine transporters in codeine-containing cough syrup abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;118:148\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.011.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"8136_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.03.011","volume":"263","author":"S Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu S, Liu Y, Li Y, Deng Y, Yuan J, Lv R, et al. Availability of dopamine transporters in heroin-dependent subjects: A (18)F-FECNT PET imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2017;263:121\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.03.011.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"8136_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00052","volume":"12","author":"JH Meyer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meyer JH, Kruger S, Wilson AA, Christensen BK, Goulding VS, Schaffer A, et al. Lower dopamine transporter binding potential in striatum during depression. NeuroReport. 2001;12:4121\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00052.","journal-title":"NeuroReport"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-08136-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-026-08136-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00259-026-08136-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:59:22Z","timestamp":1786748362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00259-026-08136-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["8136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-026-08136-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-7070","1619-7089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-7070","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-7089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Data used in this study were obtained from the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. The PPMI study was approved by the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee at each participating site, and all participants provided written informed consent. The present study involved a retrospective analysis of de-identified data obtained from the PPMI database and did not require additional ethical approval at our institution.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"See Ethics approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Author JB is a consultant of GE Healthcare (all related payments to our institute). Other authors AA, IM and YC declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}