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This prospective first-in-human clinical trial assessed the dosimetry and safety profile of [\n                      <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>\n                      Zr]Zr-oxine-labeled autologous leukocytes in healthy female participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four healthy adult female participants (ages 37\u201353) received 10.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 MBq of [\n                      <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>\n                      Zr]Zr-oxine-labeled autologous leukocytes and underwent whole-body PET\/CT imaging at five time points (0, 4, 24, 48, and 72\u00a0h). Regions of interest were automatically segmented on CT using a machine learning-based approach and manually refined. Time-integrated activity coefficients were calculated using Simpson\u2019s rule, with physical decay assumed beyond the final time point. Mean absorbed-dose and effective-dose coefficients were estimated using OLINDA 2.1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Administration was well-tolerated among all participants. The highest mean absorbed-dose coefficients (mGy\/MBq) with standard deviation were observed in the spleen (3.52\u2009\u00b1\u20091.38), liver (2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45), adrenals (1.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24), uterus (1.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98), and kidneys (1.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12). The mean effective-dose coefficient was 0.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 mSv\/MBq, numerically lower than the predicted value of 1.14 mSv\/MBq based on the distribution of [\n                      <jats:sup>111<\/jats:sup>\n                      In]In-oxine-labeled leukocytes in adult females (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006, one-sample t-test). The use of [\n                      <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>\n                      Zr]Zr-oxine-labeled leukocytes enabled the visualization of leukocyte distribution and temporal dynamics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study demonstrates the safety and favorable dosimetry of [\n                      <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>\n                      Zr]Zr-oxine-labeled leukocytes in healthy humans. These results support the further use of this approach for imaging autologous leukocytes using PET in a range of clinical and research settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03807973. Registered January 16, 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-026-08158-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:46:44Z","timestamp":1790930804000},"page":"7786-7798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First-in-human dosimetry and biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-oxine-labeled autologous leukocytes using PET\/CT"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadir","family":"Gultekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-2397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1414-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2800-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1312-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grayson R.","family":"Gimblet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6127-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Bankston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte D.","family":"Jeffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0090-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Lapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3616-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarred W.","family":"Younger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"McConathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8158_CR1","first-page":"480","volume":"17","author":"JG McAfee","year":"1976","unstructured":"McAfee JG, Thakur ML. 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