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Na[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography \/ Computed Tomography (PET\/CT) scans were performed prior to, as well as 12 and 52 weeks after starting biological therapy. PET-positive lesions in the axial skeleton were scored and classified by two blinded readers. Quantitative Na[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]Fluoride uptake was assessed by determination of standardized uptake values (SUV) corrected for individual integrated whole blood activity concentration (SUV\n                      <jats:sup>AUC<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 276 lesions with visual Na[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]Fluoride uptake were detected, of which 98 (36%) were defined as r-axSpA and 46 (17%) as D. The total number of r-axSpA lesions decreased from 98 at baseline to 67 at week 12 (-32%) and to 55 at week 52 (-18%), while the number of D lesions remained stable over time. The majority of r-axSpA lesions were observed in the thoracic spine (84%), while the majority of D lesions were observed in the lumbar spine (48%). Quantitatively, 84% and 88% of the r-axSpA lesions showed a decrease of Na[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]Fluoride uptake between baseline and 12 and 52 weeks, respectively. In contrast, most D lesions either showed an increase or mild decrease between baseline and follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Na[\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]Fluoride uptake in visually classified r-axSpA and D lesions in r-axSpA patients on PET\/CT demonstrated a striking different change in both the number of r-axSpA lesions and quantitative tracer uptake herein versus D lesions while on biological treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-026-08178-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:38:42Z","timestamp":1791502722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differentiation of axial spondyloarthritis-related lesions from degenerative lesions on Na[18F]Fluoride PET\/CT in a longitudinal dataset of patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jerney","family":"de Jongh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6097-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Groothuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9571-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerben J.C.","family":"Zwezerijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Hemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Doorschodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3937-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph Paul","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Vaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9865-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conny J.","family":"van der Laken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10089","key":"8178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4","volume":"390","author":"J Sieper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sieper J, Poddubnyy D. 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The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JJ, SG, GZ, RH, TD and CL declare they have no financial interests. RM and TV are both employee and shareholder of UCB.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}