{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:40:37Z","timestamp":1793497237295,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02333-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T21:01:28Z","timestamp":1574283688000},"page":"2063-2081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Imaging of the acute scrotum: keys to a rapid diagnosis of acute scrotal disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"David E.","family":"Sweet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra K.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-606X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick M.","family":"Remer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2333_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1997.16.1.23","volume":"16","author":"WD Middleton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Middleton WD, Middleton MA, Dierks M, Keetch D, Dierks S (1997) Sonographic prediction of viability in testicular torsion: preliminary observations. J Ultrasound Med 16:23-27.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2333_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e3182493c97","volume":"28","author":"EM Remer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Remer EM, Casalino DD, Arellano RS et al (2012) ACR Appropriateness Criteria \u00ae acute onset of scrotal pain\u2013without trauma, without antecedent mass. Ultrasound Q 28:47-51.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"issue":"5","key":"2333_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.02.016","volume":"16","author":"CL Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang CL, Aryal B, Oto A, et al (2019) ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Acute Onset of Scrotal Pain-Without Trauma, Without Antecedent Mass. J Am Coll Radiol, 16:5:S38-S43.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2333_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0586-1107","volume":"39","author":"P Sidhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sidhu P, Cantisani V, Dietrich C, et al (2018) The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Non-Hepatic Applications: Update 2017 (Long Version). Ultraschall Med 39:e2-e44.","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"2333_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2003.12.002","volume":"42","author":"V Dogra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dogra V, Bhatt S (2004) Acute painful scrotum. Radiol Clin North Am 42:349-363.","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2333_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271001744","volume":"227","author":"VS Dogra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ (2003) Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology 227:18-36.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2333_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"Guideline developed in collaboration with the American College of Radiology; Society for Pediatric Radiology; Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guideline developed in collaboration with the American College of Radiology; Society for Pediatric Radiology; Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (2015) AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Scrotal Ultrasound Examinations. J Ultrasound Med 34:1-5.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2333_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050507","volume":"28","author":"C Baud","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baud C, Veyrac C, Couture C, Ferran JL (1998) Spiral twist of the spermatic cord: a reliable sign of testicular torsion. Pediatr Radiol 28:950-954.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2333_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.15075","volume":"35","author":"AL K\u00fchn","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00fchn AL, Scortegagna E, Nowitzki KM, Kim YH (2016) Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults. Ultrasonography 35:180-197.","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"2333_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56978-5","volume":"121","author":"RE Berger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Berger RE, Alexander ER, Harnisch JP, et al (1979) Etiology, manifestations and therapy of acute epididymitis: prospective study of 50 cases. J Urol 121:750-754.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.1.2006304","volume":"179","author":"WG Horstman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Horstman WG, Middleton WD, Melson GL (1991) Scrotal inflammatory disease: color Doppler US findings. Radiology 179:55-59.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2333_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.202.3.9051022","volume":"202","author":"TS Keener","year":"1997","unstructured":"Keener TS, Winter TC, Nghiem HV, Schmiedl UP (1997) Normal adult epididymis: evaluation with color Doppler US. Radiology 202:712-714.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2333_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CSMR.0000306081.13064.a2","volume":"4","author":"ME Lavallee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lavallee ME, Cash J (2005) Testicular torsion: evaluation and management. Curr Sports Med Rep 4:102-104.","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"2333_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E148","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.2174","volume":"9","author":"SR Fehily","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fehily SR, Trubiano JA, McLean C, et al (2015) Testicular loss following bacterial epididymo-orchitis: Case report and literature review. Can Urol Assoc J 9:E148-E151.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"2333_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019180014","volume":"39","author":"DB Green","year":"2019","unstructured":"Green DB, Kawashima A, Menias CO, et al (2019) Complications of Intravesical BCG Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer. Radiographics 39:80-94.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2333_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37316-0","volume":"147","author":"DL Lamm","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lamm DL, van der Meijden PM, Morales A, et al (1992) Incidence and treatment of complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy in superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 147:596-600.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR17","first-page":"16","volume":"6","author":"V Demers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demers V, Pelsser V (2012) \u201cBCGitis\u201d: A rare case of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis following intravesical Bacillus Calmette- Gu\u00e9rin therapy. J Radiol Case Rep 6:16-21.","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2333_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075048","volume":"28","author":"RB Levenson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levenson RB, Singh AK, Novelline RA (2008) Fournier gangrene: role of imaging. Radiographics 28:519-528.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2333_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.9.12.1448","volume":"9","author":"Z Yen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yen Z, Wang HP, Ma HM, Chen SC, Chen WJ (2002) Ultrasonographic screening of clinically-suspected necrotizing fasciitis. Acad Emerg Med 9:1448-1451.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2333_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.07.024","volume":"186","author":"LC Zhao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhao LC, Lautz TB, Meeks JJ, Maizels M (2011) Pediatric testicular torsion epidemiology using a national database: incidence, risk of orchiectomy and possible measures toward improving the quality of care. J Urol 186:2009-2013.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.3.8751701","volume":"167","author":"FT Lee Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lee FT Jr, Winter DB, Masden FA, et al (1996) Conventional color Doppler velocity sonography versus color Doppler energy sonography for the diagnosis of acute experimental torsion of the spermatic cord. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167:785-790.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2333_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000177726.84913.cc","volume":"174","author":"SH Eaton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eaton SH, Cendron MA, Estrada CR, et al (2005) Intermittent testicular torsion: diagnostic features and management outcomes. J Urol 174:1532-1535.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.12.010","volume":"7","author":"A Srinivasan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Srinivasan A, Cinman N, Feber KM, Gitlin J, Palmer LS (2011) History and physical examination findings predictive of testicular torsion: an attempt to promote clinical diagnosis by house staff. J Pediatr Urol 7:470-474.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13295","volume":"24","author":"LC Frohlich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frohlich LC, Paydar-Darian N, Cilento BG Jr, Lee LK (2017) Prospective Validation of Clinical Score for Males Presenting With an Acute Scrotum. Acad Emerg Med 24:1474-1482.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2333_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.604","volume":"105","author":"LA Baker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baker LA, Sigman D, Mathews RI, Benson J, Docimo SG (2000) An analysis of clinical outcomes using color doppler testicular ultrasound for testicular torsion. Pediatrics 105:604-607.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2333_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000145527.08591.27","volume":"172","author":"DF Bentley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bentley DF, Ricchiuti DJ, Nasrallah PF, McMahon DR (2004) Spermatic cord torsion with preserved testis perfusion: initial anatomical observations. J Urol 172:2373-2376.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2008.27.11.1629","volume":"27","author":"S Cassar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cassar S, Bhatt S, Paltiel HJ, Dogra VS (2008) Role of spectral Doppler sonography in the evaluation of partial testicular torsion. J Ultrasound Med 27:1629-1638.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2333_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2004.23.8.1077","volume":"23","author":"VS Dogra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dogra VS, Rubens DJ, Gottlieb RH, Bhatt S (2004) Torsion and beyond: new twists in spectral Doppler evaluation of the scrotum. J Ultrasound Med 23:1077-1085.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2333_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9448","volume":"201","author":"MM Munden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munden MM, Williams JL, Zhang W, Crowe JE, Munden RF, Cisek LJ (2013) Intermittent testicular torsion in the pediatric patient: sonographic indicators of a difficult diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 201:912-918.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2333_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000138477.85710.69","volume":"172","author":"N Kalfa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kalfa N, Veyrac C, Baud C, Couture A, Averous M, Galifer RB (2004) Ultrasonography of the spermatic cord in children with testicular torsion: impact on the surgical strategy. J Urol 172:1692-1695.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2006.25.5.563","volume":"25","author":"SB Vijayaraghavan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vijayaraghavan SB (2006) Sonographic differential diagnosis of acute scrotum: real-time whirlpool sign, a key sign of torsion. J Ultrasound Med 25:563-574.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2333_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.03.037","volume":"186","author":"CE Bayne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bayne CE, Villanueva J, Davis TD, Pohl HG, Rushton HG (2017) Factors Associated with Delayed Presentation and Misdiagnosis of Testicular Torsion: A Case-Control Study. J Pediatr 186:200-204.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2333_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.34.3.507","volume":"34","author":"V Rafailidis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rafailidis V, Apostolou D, Charsoula A, Rafailidis D (2015) Sonography of the scrotum: from appendages to scrotolithiasis. J Ultrasound Med 34:507-518.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2333_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1387-1","volume":"13","author":"ME Sellars","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sellars ME, Sidhu PS (2003) Ultrasound appearances of the testicular appendages: pictorial review. Eur Radiol 13:127-135.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2333_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287601501018","volume":"15","author":"P Puri","year":"1976","unstructured":"Puri P, Boyd E (1976) Torsion of the appendix testis. A survey of 22 cases. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 15:949-950.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"2333_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.4.01841287","volume":"184","author":"M Baldisserotto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baldisserotto M, de Souza JC, Pertence AP, Dora MD (2005) Color Doppler sonography of normal and torsed testicular appendages in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:1287-1292.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2333_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)61790-7","volume":"104","author":"RW Skoglund","year":"1970","unstructured":"Skoglund RW, McRoberts JW, Ragde H (1970) Torsion of testicular appendages: presentation of 43 new cases and a collective review. J Urol 104:598-600.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR38","first-page":"140","volume":"7","author":"AM Ruiz Montes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ruiz Montes AM, Jimenez Alvarez C, Nunez Nunez R, Cabrera R, Blesa Sanchez E (1994) [The clinical characteristics of patients with torsion of the testicular and epididymal appendages]. Cir Pediatr 7:140-142.","journal-title":"Cir Pediatr"},{"key":"2333_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22265","volume":"43","author":"M Lev","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lev M, Ramon J, Mor Y, Jacobson JM, Soudack M (2015) Sonographic appearances of torsion of the appendix testis and appendix epididymis in children. J Clin Ultrasound 43:485-489.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"2333_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.5.01841587","volume":"184","author":"GC Fern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez GC, Tard\u00e1guila FM, Velasco M, et al (2005) Radiologic findings of segmental testicular infarction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:1587-1593.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2333_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4821","volume":"196","author":"M Bertolotto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bertolotto M, Derchi LE, Sidhu PS, et al (2011) Acute segmental testicular infarction at contrast-enhanced ultrasound: early features and changes during follow-up. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196:834-841.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2333_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6643","volume":"96","author":"K S\u00f8reide","year":"2009","unstructured":"S\u00f8reide K (2009) Epidemiology of major trauma. Br J Surg 96:697-698.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2333_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.286085507","volume":"28","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Dogra VS (2008) Role of US in testicular and scrotal trauma. Radiographics 28:1617-1629.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2333_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1995.tb03604.x","volume":"2","author":"JP Mulhall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mulhall JP, Gabram SG, Jacobs LM (1995) Emergency management of blunt testicular trauma. Acad Emerg Med 2:639-643.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2333_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morey AF, Brandes S, Dugi DD 3rd, et al; American Urological Association (2014) Urotrauma: AUA guideline. J Urol 192:327-335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.004"},{"key":"2333_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.1.6856836","volume":"148","author":"AR Lupetin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lupetin AR, King W 3rd, Rich PJ, Lederman RB (1983) The traumatized scrotum: ultrasound evaluation. Radiology 148:203-207.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2333_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00048-0","volume":"175","author":"JC Buckley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buckley JC, McAninch JW (2006) Use of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular injuries in blunt scrotal trauma. J Urol 175:175-178.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.09.014","volume":"71","author":"G Guichard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guichard G, El Ammari J, Del Coro C, et al (2008) Accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of testicular rupture after blunt scrotal trauma. Urology 71:52-56.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2333_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.272065117","volume":"27","author":"C Deurdulian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deurdulian C, Mittelstaedt CA, Chong WK, Fielding JR (2007) US of acute scrotal trauma: optimal technique, imaging findings, and management. Radiographics 27:357-369.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2333_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5173\/ceju.2014.04.art24","volume":"67","author":"DK Bowen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bowen DK, Gonzalez CM (2014) Intratesticular hematoma after blunt scrotal trauma: a case series and algorithm-based approach to management. Cent European J Urol 67:427-429.","journal-title":"Cent European J Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynch TH, Mart\u00ednez-Pi\u00f1eiro L, Plas E, et al; European Association of Urology (2005) EAU guidelines on urological trauma. Eur Urol 47:1-15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.07.028"},{"key":"2333_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04993.x","volume":"94","author":"AF Morey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morey AF, Metro MJ, Carney KJ, Miller KS, McAninch JW (2004) Consensus on genitourinary trauma: external genitalia. BJU Int 94:507-515.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2333_CR53","unstructured":"Bleyer A, O\u2019Leary M, Barr R, Ries LAG (eds) (2006) Cancer Epidemiology in Older Adolescents and Young Adults 15 to 29 Years of Age, Including SEER Incidence and Survival: 1975-2000. National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 06-5767. Bethesda, Maryland."},{"key":"2333_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v11i8.3165","volume":"11","author":"RD Mesquita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mesquita RD, Rosas JL (2017) Adult Acute Scrotal Edema - When Radiologists Can Help to Avoid Unnecessary Surgical Treatment. J Radiol Case Rep 11:24-30.","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2333_CR55","first-page":"829345","volume":"2013","author":"M Breen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breen M, Murphy K, Chow J, Kiely E, O\u2019Regan K (2013) Acute idiopathic scrotal edema. Case Rep Urol 2013:829345.","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol"},{"key":"2333_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603089","volume":"28","author":"M Santi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santi M, Lava SAG, Simonetti GD, Bianchetti MG, Milani GP (2018) Acute idiopathic scrotal edema: Systematic literature review. Eur J Pediatr Surg 28:222-226.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2333_CR57","volume-title":"Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations","author":"AJ Bueschen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bueschen AJ (1990) Flank pain. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (eds) Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations, 3rd edn, chap 182. Butterworths, Boston.","edition":"3, chap 182"},{"key":"2333_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02598293","volume":"8","author":"SR McGee","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGee SR (1993) Referred scrotal pain: case reports and review. J Gen Intern Med 8:694-701.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-019-02333-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-019-02333-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-019-02333-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T05:24:22Z","timestamp":1695446662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-019-02333-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-019-02333-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-004X","2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-004X","type":"print"},{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}