{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:03:30Z","timestamp":1782871410427,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship","award":["0690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0690"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03050-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T08:03:57Z","timestamp":1617782637000},"page":"4410-4419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging facilitates the selection of patients prior to fertility-sparing management of endometrial cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8508-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Himoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Lakhman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Mario M.","family":"Leitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5131-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aki","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2018) Cancer statistics, 2018. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 68 (1):7-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21442","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21442"},{"key":"3050_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colombo N, Creutzberg C, Amant F, Bosse T, Gonzalez-Martin A, Ledermann J, Marth C, Nout R, Querleu D, Mirza MR, Sessa C, Group E-E-EECCW (2016) ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO Consensus Conference on Endometrial Cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 27 (1):16-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdv484","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv484"},{"issue":"5","key":"3050_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200010000-00009","volume":"23","author":"BN Tran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tran BN, Connell PP, Waggoner S, Rotmensch J, Mundt AJ (2000) Characteristics and outcome of endometrial carcinoma patients age 45 years and younger. American journal of clinical oncology 23 (5):476-480","journal-title":"American journal of clinical oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000255980.88205.15","volume":"109","author":"NK Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee NK, Cheung MK, Shin JY, Husain A, Teng NN, Berek JS, Kapp DS, Osann K, Chan JK (2007) Prognostic factors for uterine cancer in reproductive-aged women. Obstetrics and gynecology 109 (3):655-662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.AOG.0000255980.88205.15","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5935\/1518-0557.20160045","volume":"20","author":"MM Carneiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carneiro MM, Lamaita RM, Ferreira MC, Silva-Filho AL (2016) Fertility-preservation in endometrial cancer: is it safe? Review of the literature. JBRA assisted reproduction 20 (4):232-239. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/1518-0557.20160045","journal-title":"JBRA assisted reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-016-0981-1","volume":"21","author":"Y Ebina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ebina Y, Katabuchi H, Mikami M, Nagase S, Yaegashi N, Udagawa Y, Kato H, Kubushiro K, Takamatsu K, Ino K, Yoshikawa H (2016) Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines 2013 for the treatment of uterine body neoplasms. International journal of clinical oncology 21 (3):419-434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-016-0981-1","journal-title":"International journal of clinical oncology"},{"key":"3050_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colombo N, Preti E, Landoni F, Carinelli S, Colombo A, Marini C, Sessa C, Group EGW (2013) Endometrial cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 24 Suppl 6:vi33-38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdt353","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt353"},{"issue":"2","key":"3050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6434","volume":"83","author":"LR Duska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duska LR, Garrett A, Rueda BR, Haas J, Chang Y, Fuller AF (2001) Endometrial cancer in women 40 years old or younger. Gynecologic oncology 83 (2):388-393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/gyno.2001.6434","journal-title":"Gynecologic oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00668-6","volume":"91","author":"ER Evans-Metcalf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Evans-Metcalf ER, Brooks SE, Reale FR, Baker SP (1998) Profile of women 45 years of age and younger with endometrial cancer. Obstetrics and gynecology 91 (3):349-354","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.06.003","volume":"134","author":"Group SGOCPECW, Burke WM, Orr J, Leitao M, Salom E, Gehrig P, Olawaiye AB, Brewer M, Boruta D, Herzog TJ, Shahin FA, Society of Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Practice C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Group SGOCPECW, Burke WM, Orr J, Leitao M, Salom E, Gehrig P, Olawaiye AB, Brewer M, Boruta D, Herzog TJ, Shahin FA, Society of Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Practice C (2014) Endometrial cancer: a review and current management strategies: part II. Gynecologic oncology 134 (2):393-402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.06.003","journal-title":"Gynecologic oncology"},{"key":"3050_CR11","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021) NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology Uterine Neoplasms NCCN Evidence Blocks."},{"issue":"2","key":"3050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5515-y","volume":"29","author":"S Nougaret","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nougaret S, Horta M, Sala E, Lakhman Y, Thomassin-Naggara I, Kido A, Masselli G, Bharwani N, Sadowski E, Ertmer A, Otero-Garcia M, Kubik-Huch RA, Cunha TM, Rockall A, Forstner R (2019) Endometrial Cancer MRI staging: Updated Guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. European radiology 29 (2):792-805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5515-y","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"3050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.06.097","volume":"70","author":"G Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin G, Huang YT, Chao A, Ng KK, Yang LY, Ng SH, Lai CH (2015) Influence of menopausal status on diagnostic accuracy of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer: diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at 3 T. Clinical radiology 70 (11):1260-1268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2015.06.097","journal-title":"Clinical radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000689","volume":"42","author":"M Sakane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakane M, Hori M, Onishi H, Tsuboyama T, Ota T, Tatsumi M, Ueda Y, Kimura T, Kimura T, Tomiyama N (2018) Assessment of Myometrial Invasion in Premenopausal Grade 1 Endometrial Carcinoma: Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging a Reliable Tool in Selecting Patients for Fertility-Preserving Therapy? Journal of computer assisted tomography 42 (3):412-417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000689","journal-title":"Journal of computer assisted tomography"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.05.038","volume":"114","author":"I Navarria","year":"2009","unstructured":"Navarria I, Usel M, Rapiti E, Neyroud-Caspar I, Pelte MF, Bouchardy C, Petignat P (2009) Young patients with endometrial cancer: how many could be eligible for fertility-sparing treatment? Gynecologic oncology 114 (3):448-451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.05.038","journal-title":"Gynecologic oncology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3050_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000172423.64995.6f","volume":"106","author":"C Walsh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walsh C, Holschneider C, Hoang Y, Tieu K, Karlan B, Cass I (2005) Coexisting ovarian malignancy in young women with endometrial cancer. Obstetrics and gynecology 106 (4):693-699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.AOG.0000172423.64995.6f","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3050_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4877","volume":"196","author":"S Novellas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Novellas S, Chassang M, Delotte J, Toullalan O, Chevallier A, Bouaziz J, Chevallier P (2011) MRI characteristics of the uterine junctional zone: from normal to the diagnosis of adenomyosis. AJR American journal of roentgenology 196 (5):1206-1213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.10.4877","journal-title":"AJR American journal of roentgenology"},{"key":"3050_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colombo N, Creutzberg C, Amant F, Bosse T, Gonzalez-Martin A, Ledermann J, Marth C, Nout R, Querleu D, Mirza MR, Sessa C (2016) ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO Consensus Conference on Endometrial Cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 27 (1):16-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdv484","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv484"},{"key":"3050_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5515-y","author":"S Nougaret","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nougaret S, Horta M, Sala E, Lakhman Y, Thomassin-Naggara I, Kido A, Masselli G, Bharwani N, Sadowski E, Ertmer A, Otero-Garcia M, Kubik-Huch RA, Cunha TM, Rockall A, Forstner R (2018) Endometrial Cancer MRI staging: Updated Guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. European radiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5515-y","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3050_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4583-0","volume":"27","author":"G Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin G, Huang YT, Chao A, Lin YC, Yang LY, Wu RC, Lu HY, Ng SH, Ng KK, Lai CH (2017) Endometrial cancer with cervical stromal invasion: diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging at 3T. European radiology 27 (5):1867-1876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-016-4583-0","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3050_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.12.028","volume":"102","author":"Y Nakao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakao Y, Yokoyama M, Hara K, Koyamatsu Y, Yasunaga M, Araki Y, Watanabe Y, Iwasaka T (2006) MR imaging in endometrial carcinoma as a diagnostic tool for the absence of myometrial invasion. Gynecologic oncology 102 (2):343-347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.12.028","journal-title":"Gynecologic oncology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3050_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1309-6","volume":"19","author":"Kinkel K, Forstner R, Danza FM, Oleaga L, Cunha TM, Bergman A, Barentsz JO, Balleyguier C, Brkljacic B, Spencer JA, European Society of Urogenital I","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kinkel K, Forstner R, Danza FM, Oleaga L, Cunha TM, Bergman A, Barentsz JO, Balleyguier C, Brkljacic B, Spencer JA, European Society of Urogenital I (2009) Staging of endometrial cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Imaging. European radiology 19 (7):1565-1574. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-009-1309-6","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15141212","volume":"276","author":"S Nougaret","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nougaret S, Reinhold C, Alsharif SS, Addley H, Arceneau J, Molinari N, Guiu B, Sala E (2015) Endometrial Cancer: Combined MR Volumetry and Diffusion-weighted Imaging for Assessment of Myometrial and Lymphovascular Invasion and Tumor Grade. Radiology 276 (3):797-808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.15141212","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44 (3):837-845","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3050_CR25","first-page":"203","volume":"19","author":"AM Simundic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simundic AM (2009) Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy: Basic Definitions. Ejifcc 19 (4):203-211","journal-title":"Ejifcc"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"McHugh ML (2012) Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia medica 22 (3):276-282","journal-title":"Biochemia medica"},{"issue":"1","key":"3050_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/2532051","volume":"45","author":"LI Lin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lin LI (1989) A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility. Biometrics 45 (1):255-268","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"3050_CR28","unstructured":"McBride G (2005) A proposal for strength-of-agreement criteria for Lin. s. Concordance Correlation Coefficient. https:\/\/www.medcalc.org\/download\/pdf\/McBride2005.pdf."},{"issue":"6","key":"3050_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3139-4","volume":"24","author":"A Andreano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andreano A, Rechichi G, Rebora P, Sironi S, Valsecchi MG, Galimberti S (2014) MR diffusion imaging for preoperative staging of myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European radiology 24 (6):1327-1338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-014-3139-4","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3050_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-9485.2010.02160.x","volume":"54","author":"D Emlik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emlik D, Kiresi D, Ozdemir S, Celik C, Karakose S (2010) Preoperative assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion in endometrial carcinoma: comparison of multi-section dynamic MR imaging using a three dimensional FLASH technique and T2-weighted MR imaging. Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology 54 (3):202-210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1754-9485.2010.02160.x","journal-title":"Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology"},{"issue":"1066","key":"3050_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160268","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160268","volume":"89","author":"L Du","year":"2016","unstructured":"Du L, Li X, Qiu X, Liu X, Wang Y, Yu Y (2016) Application of FLASH-3D dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. The British journal of radiology 89 (1066):20160268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20160268","journal-title":"The British journal of radiology"},{"key":"3050_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin G, Ng KK, Chang CJ, Wang JJ, Ho KC, Yen TC, Wu TI, Wang CC, Chen YR, Huang YT, Ng SH, Jung SM, Chang TC, Lai CH (2009) Myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer: diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted 3.0-T MR imaging\u2013initial experience. Radiology 250 (3):784-792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2503080874","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503080874"},{"issue":"1","key":"3050_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.00805.x","volume":"17","author":"AG Rockall","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rockall AG, Meroni R, Sohaib SA, Reynolds K, Alexander-Sefre F, Shepherd JH, Jacobs I, Reznek RH (2007) Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging. International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 17 (1):188-196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.00805.x","journal-title":"International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society"},{"key":"3050_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2018.12.008","volume":"57","author":"X Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu X, Li N, Chen Y, Ouyang H, Zhao X, Zhou J (2019) Diagnostic efficacy of MRI for pre-operative assessment of ovarian malignancy in endometrial carcinoma: A decision tree analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging 57:285-292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2018.12.008","journal-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-021-03050-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-021-03050-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-021-03050-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T01:06:26Z","timestamp":1628298386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-021-03050-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-021-03050-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-004X","2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-004X","type":"print"},{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"YL reports other from Y-mAbs Therapeutics, Inc., outside the submitted work. MML reports personal fees from JnJ\/Ethicon and is an ad hoc speaker for Intuitive Surgical, Inc., outside the submitted work. Other authors have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review boards at each institution.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}