{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:18:46Z","timestamp":1792642726620,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 2500 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage (PTCD) procedures are yearly performed in the Netherlands. Most interventions are performed for treatment of biliary obstruction following unsuccessful endoscopic biliary cannulation. Our aim was to evaluate complication rates and risk factors for complications in PTCD patients after failed ERCP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed an observational study collecting data from a cohort that was subjected to PTCD during a 5-year period in one academic and four teaching hospitals. Primary objective was the development of infectious (sepsis, cholangitis, abscess, or cholecystitis) and non-infectious complications (bile leakage, severe hemorrhage, etc.) and mortality within 30\u00a0days of the procedure. Subsequently, risk factors for complications and mortality were analyzed with a multilevel logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 331 patients underwent PTCD of whom 205 (61.9%) developed PTCD-related complications. Of the 224 patients without a pre-existent infection, 91 (40.6%) developed infectious complications, i.e., cholangitis in 26.3%, sepsis in 24.6%, abscess formation in 2.7%, and cholecystitis in 1.3%. Non-infectious complications developed in 114 of 331 patients (34.4%). 30-day mortality was 17.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200957). Risk factors for infectious complications included internal drainage and drain obstruction, while multiple re-interventions were a risk factor for non-infectious complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both infectious and non-infectious complications are frequent after PTCD, most often due to biliary drain obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03207-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T11:03:24Z","timestamp":1628247804000},"page":"3338-3344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Complications of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage, a multicenter observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1301-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayla S.","family":"Turan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd","family":"Jenniskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper M.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu J. C. M.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonneke S. F.","family":"Yo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco J. L.","family":"van Strijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost P. H.","family":"Drenth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Siersema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin J. 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Indications and techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis in updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences. 2017;24(10):537-49.","journal-title":"Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences."},{"issue":"6","key":"3207_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.01.012","volume":"21","author":"WE Saad","year":"2010","unstructured":"3.Saad WE, Wallace MJ, Wojak JC, Kundu S, Cardella JF. Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, biliary drainage, and percutaneous cholecystostomy. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2010;21(6):789-95.","journal-title":"Journal of vascular and interventional radiology: JVIR."},{"issue":"3","key":"3207_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5154","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005154","volume":"96","author":"H Moole","year":"2017","unstructured":"4.Moole H, Bechtold ML, Forcione D, Puli SR. A meta-analysis and systematic review: Success of endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary stenting in patients with inoperable malignant biliary strictures and a failed ERCP. Medicine. 2017;96(3):e5154.","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"issue":"9","key":"3207_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000275","volume":"49","author":"S Nennstiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"5.Nennstiel S, Weber A, Frick G, Haller B, Meining A, Schmid RM, et al. Drainage-related Complications in Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage: An Analysis Over 10 Years. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 2015;49(9):764-70.","journal-title":"Journal of clinical gastroenterology."},{"issue":"12","key":"3207_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.05.013","volume":"71","author":"H Asadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"6.Asadi H, Hollingsworth R, Pennycooke K, Thanaratnam P, Given M, Keeling A, et al. A review of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage at a tertiary referral centre. Clinical radiology. 2016;71(12):1312.e7-.e11.","journal-title":"Clinical radiology."},{"issue":"10","key":"3207_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30234-6","volume":"3","author":"RJS Coelen","year":"2018","unstructured":"7.Coelen RJS, Roos E, Wiggers JK, Besselink MG, Buis CI, Busch ORC, et al. Endoscopic versus percutaneous biliary drainage in patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(10):681-90.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"36","key":"3207_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13153","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.13153","volume":"20","author":"M Pavlides","year":"2014","unstructured":"8.Pavlides M, Barnabas A, Fernandopulle N, Bailey AA, Collier J, Phillips-Hughes J, et al. Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography after failed initial precut sphincterotomy for biliary cannulation. World journal of gastroenterology. 2014;20(36):13153-8.","journal-title":"World journal of gastroenterology."},{"key":"3207_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devane AM, Annam A, Brody L, Gunn AJ, Himes EA, Patel S, et al. Society of Interventional Radiology Quality Improvement Standards for Percutaneous Cholecystostomy and Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Interventions. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology: JVIR. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2020.07.015"},{"issue":"15","key":"3207_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15131","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015131","volume":"98","author":"J Sha","year":"2019","unstructured":"10.Sha J, Dong Y, Niu H. A prospective study of risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice undergoing percutaneous biliary drainage. 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Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology. 2001;4(3):153-71.","journal-title":"Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology."},{"issue":"9","key":"3207_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2121-7","volume":"21","author":"CR Tapping","year":"2011","unstructured":"15.Tapping CR, Byass OR, Cast JE. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) with or without stenting-complications, re-stent rate and a new risk stratification score. European radiology. 2011;21(9):1948-55.","journal-title":"European radiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"3207_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-011-0103-4","volume":"35","author":"R Uberoi","year":"2012","unstructured":"16.Uberoi R, Das N, Moss J, Robertson I. British Society of Interventional Radiology: Biliary Drainage and Stenting Registry (BDSR). 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