{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T09:15:57Z","timestamp":1794129357945,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perianal fistulizing disease, commonly associated with Crohn\u2019s disease, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its complex anatomy and high recurrence rates. Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in the accurate diagnosis, classification, and management of this condition. This article reviews the current radiological modalities employed in the evaluation of perianal fistulizing disease, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoanal ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT). MRI, recognized as the gold standard, offers superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities, facilitating detailed assessment of fistula tracts and associated abscesses. CT, although less detailed than MRI, remains valuable in acute settings for detecting abscesses and guiding drainage procedures. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of each modality, highlights the importance of standardized imaging protocols, and underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in the management of perianal fistulizing disease. Future directions include advancements in imaging techniques and the integration of artificial intelligence to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04455-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1724464931000},"page":"589-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The role of MRI in perianal fistulizing disease: diagnostic imaging and classification systems to monitor disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanine H. C.","family":"Arkenbosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oddeke","family":"van Ruler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie C.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Janneke","family":"van der Woude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy S.","family":"Dwarkasing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28","key":"4455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i28.3292","volume":"17","author":"H Dudukgian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dudukgian, H. and H. Abcarian, Why do we have so much trouble treating anal fistula? World J Gastroenterol, 2011. 17(28): p. 3292-6.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054434","volume":"39","author":"J Garcia-Aguilar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garcia-Aguilar, J., et al., Anal fistula surgery. Factors associated with recurrence and incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum, 1996. 39(7): p. 723-9.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"8","key":"4455_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000154","volume":"57","author":"RS van Onkelen","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Onkelen, R.S., et al., Predictors of outcome after transanal advancement flap repair for high transsphincteric fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum, 2014. 57(8): p. 1007-11.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"4455_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1305-2","volume":"43","author":"A Erden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erden, A., MRI of anal canal: normal anatomy, imaging protocol, and perianal fistulas: Part 1. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2018. 43(6): p. 1334-1352.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4455_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15695","volume":"23","author":"P Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg, P., et al., Role of MRI to confirm healing in complex high cryptoglandular anal fistulas: long-term follow-up of 151 cases. Colorectal Dis, 2021. 23(9): p. 2447-2455.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4455_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-007-0334-7","volume":"22","author":"C Zanotti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zanotti, C., et al., An assessment of the incidence of fistula-in-ano in four countries of the European Union. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2007. 22(12): p. 1459-62.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/931316","volume":"25","author":"H Tabry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tabry, H. and P.A. Farrands, Update on anal fistulae: surgical perspectives for the gastroenterologist. Can J Gastroenterol, 2011. 25(12): p. 675-80.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4455_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20590","volume":"14","author":"F Bataille","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bataille, F., et al., Evidence for a role of epithelial mesenchymal transition during pathogenesis of fistulae in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2008. 14(11): p. 1514-27.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4455_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.12.006","volume":"15","author":"G Rizzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rizzo, G., et al., Dysfunctional extracellular matrix remodeling supports perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease by a mechanoregulated activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023. 15(3): p. 741-764.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4455_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0722-y","volume":"41","author":"G Soker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soker, G., et al., The comparison of CT fistulography and MR imaging of perianal fistulae with surgical findings: a case-control study. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2016. 41(8): p. 1474-83.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.8813","volume":"200","author":"RS Dwarkasing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dwarkasing, R.S., et al., Chronic anal and perianal pain resolved with MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2013. 200(5): p. 1034-41.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4455_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-014-1284-3","volume":"22","author":"NJ Khati","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khati, N.J., et al., CT of acute perianal abscesses and infected fistulae: a pictorial essay. Emerg Radiol, 2015. 22(3): p. 329-35.","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4455_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2013.04.014","volume":"37","author":"C Liang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liang, C., et al., CT imaging with fistulography for perianal fistula: does it really help the surgeon? Clin Imaging, 2013. 37(6): p. 1069-76.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"4455_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000733","volume":"59","author":"JD Vogel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vogel, J.D., et al., Clinical practice guideline for the management of anorectal abscess, fistula-in-ano, and rectovaginal fistula. Dis Colon Rectum, 2016. 59(12): p. 1117-1133.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"4455_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306709","volume":"63","author":"KB Gecse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gecse, K.B., et al., A global consensus on the classification, diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn\u2019s disease. Gut, 2014. 63(9): p. 1381-92.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"4455_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06826-5","volume":"30","author":"S Halligan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halligan, S., et al., ESGAR consensus statement on the imaging of fistula-in-ano and other causes of anal sepsis. Eur Radiol, 2020. 30(9): p. 4734-4740.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318249d26c","volume":"55","author":"MR Siddiqui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siddiqui, M.R., et al., A diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis of endoanal ultrasound and MRI for perianal fistula assessment. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012. 55(5): p. 576-85.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"4455_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S198796","volume":"13","author":"P Garg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garg, P., S.S. Sodhi, and N. Garg, Management of complex cryptoglandular anal fistula: challenges and solutions. Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2020. 13: p. 555-567.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw169","volume":"11","author":"P Gionchetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gionchetti, P., et al., 3rd European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn\u2019s disease 2016: part 2: surgical management and special situations. J Crohn\u2019s and Colitis, 2016. 11(2): p. 135-149.","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4455_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.3.8751692","volume":"167","author":"JA Spencer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spencer, J.A., et al., Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of perianal fistulas. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1996. 167(3): p. 735-41.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0022-y","volume":"1","author":"MR Torkzad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torkzad, M.R. and U. Karlbom, MRI for assessment of anal fistula. Insights Imaging, 2010. 1(2): p. 62-71.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"4455_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.3.407","volume":"36","author":"PJ Haggett","year":"1995","unstructured":"Haggett, P.J., et al., Pelvic and perineal complications of Crohn\u2019s disease: assessment using magnetic resonance imaging. Gut, 1995. 36(3): p. 407-10.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"4455_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01020.x","volume":"86","author":"P Orsoni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Orsoni, P., et al., Prospective comparison of endosonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in anorectal fistula and abscess complicating Crohn\u2019s disease. Br J Surg, 1999. 86(3): p. 360-4.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.2.9694464","volume":"171","author":"JA Spencer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spencer, J.A., et al., Outcome after surgery for perianal fistula: predictive value of MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1998. 171(2): p. 403-6.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4455_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E208","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210142","volume":"42","author":"N Ramirez Pedraza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramirez Pedraza, N., et al., Perianal fistula and abscess: an imaging guide for beginners. Radiographics, 2022. 42(7): p. E208-E209.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4455_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800630102","volume":"63","author":"AG Parks","year":"1976","unstructured":"Parks, A.G., P.H. Gordon, and J.D. Hardcastle, A classification of fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg, 1976. 63(1): p. 1-12.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1761-3","volume":"44","author":"K Cattapan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cattapan, K., et al., Contrast- vs. non-contrast enhanced MR data sets for characterization of perianal fistulas. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2019. 44(2): p. 446-455.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(02)05909-9","volume":"98","author":"G Van Assche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Assche, G., et al., Magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of infliximab on perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease. Am J Gastroenterol, 2003. 98(2): p. 332-9.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4455_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2013.07.008","volume":"22","author":"D Vanbeckevoort","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vanbeckevoort, D., et al., Magnetic resonance imaging of perianal fistulas. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2014. 22(1): p. 113-23.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2010.09.003","volume":"35","author":"K Horsthuis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Horsthuis, K., et al., Evaluation of an MRI-based score of disease activity in perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease. Clin Imaging, 2011. 35(5): p. 360-5.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14190","volume":"46","author":"MA Samaan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samaan, M.A., et al., The development of a magnetic resonance imaging index for fistulising Crohn\u2019s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2017. 46(5): p. 516-528.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"4455_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.104","volume":"14","author":"J Panes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Panes, J. and J. Rimola, Perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017. 14(11): p. 652-664.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4455_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21568","volume":"17","author":"C Savoye-Collet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Savoye-Collet, C., et al., Fistulizing perianal Crohn\u2019s disease: contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging assessment at 1 year on maintenance anti-TNF-alpha therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2011. 17(8): p. 1751-8.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2019.10.007","volume":"59","author":"KL van Rijn","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Rijn, K.L., et al., Evaluation of the modified Van Assche index for assessing response to anti-TNF therapy with MRI in perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease. Clin Imaging, 2020. 59(2): p. 179-187.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab168","volume":"16","author":"KL van Rijn","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Rijn, K.L., et al., Fibrosis and MAGNIFI-CD activity index at magnetic resonance imaging to predict treatment outcome in perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease patients. J Crohns Colitis, 2022. 16(5): p. 708-716.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.07.027","volume":"157","author":"P Hindryckx","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hindryckx, P., et al., Development and validation of a magnetic resonance index for assessing fistulas in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology, 2019. 157(5): p. 1233-1244.e5.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"4455_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.06.052","volume":"81","author":"T Yoshizako","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yoshizako, T., et al., Diffusion-weighted MRI for evaluating perianal fistula activity: feasibility study. Eur J Radiol, 2012. 81(9): p. 2049-53.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4455_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v8.i9.785","volume":"8","author":"V Baliyan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baliyan, V., et al., Diffusion weighted imaging: technique and applications. World J Radiol, 2016. 8(9): p. 785-798.","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"4455_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2023.125220","volume":"88","author":"HA Anwar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anwar, H.A., et al., A study of the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of perianal fistula and its complications. Pol J Radiol, 2023. 88: p. e113-e118.","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4455_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2512072128","volume":"251","author":"K Horsthuis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Horsthuis, K., et al., Perianal Crohn disease: evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging as an indicator of disease activity. Radiology, 2009. 251(2): p. 380-7.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4455_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4350-2","volume":"27","author":"C Pinson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinson, C., et al., Magnetization transfer ratio for the assessment of perianal fistula activity in Crohn\u2019s disease. Eur Radiol, 2017. 27(1): p. 80-87.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4455_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21934","volume":"30","author":"M Hori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hori, M., et al., Diffusion-weighted MRI: a new tool for the diagnosis of fistula in ano. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2009. 30(5): p. 1021-6.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"4455_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/iranjradiol.29084","volume":"12","author":"S Bakan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bakan, S., et al., Perianal fistula with and without abscess: assessment of fistula activity using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Iran J Radiol, 2015. 12(4): p. e29084.","journal-title":"Iran J Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4455_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25325","volume":"44","author":"A Dohan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dohan, A., et al., Diffusion-weighted MRI in Crohn\u2019s disease: current status and recommendations. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2016. 44(6): p. 1381-1396.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"4455_CR45","first-page":"91","volume":"31","author":"DK Boruah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boruah, D.K., et al., Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of perianal fistulae. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2021. 31(1): p. 91-101.","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"4455_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1038.1","volume":"191","author":"FG Shellock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shellock, F.G. and A. Spinazzi, MRI safety update 2008: part 1, MRI contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008. 191(4): p. 1129-39.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"4455_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16225","volume":"42","author":"N Akhoundi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akhoundi, N., et al., Comparison of MRI and endoanal ultrasound in assessing intersphincteric, transsphincteric, and suprasphincteric perianal fistula. J Ultrasound Med, 2023. 42: p. 2054.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"4455_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628481877506","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284818775060","volume":"11","author":"K Sahnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sahnan, K., et al., Innovation in the imaging perianal fistula: a step towards personalised medicine. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2018. 11: p. 1756284818775060.","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4455_CR49","first-page":"9066128","volume":"2021","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, J., S. Han, and J. Xu, Deep learning-based magnetic resonance imaging features in diagnosis of perianal abscess and fistula formation. Contrast Media Mol Imaging, 2021. 2021: p. 9066128.","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"key":"4455_CR50","first-page":"1730158","volume":"2021","author":"L Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han, L., et al., Deep learning-based CT image characteristics and postoperative anal function restoration for patients with complex anal fistula. J Healthc Eng, 2021. 2021: p. 1730158.","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-024-04455-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-024-04455-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-024-04455-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:04:11Z","timestamp":1738627451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-024-04455-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-024-04455-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Jeanine Arkenbosch: no disclosures. Roy Dwarkasing: no disclosures. Oddeke van Ruler has served as an invited speaker for Janssen-Cilag, Abbvie & Takeda; and has received non-financial support from Takeda, outside the submitted work. Annemarie C. de Vries has served on the advisory boards for Takeda, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Abbvie, Pfizer, and Galapagos; and received unrestricted research grants from Takeda, Janssen, and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. C. Janneke van der Woude has served on the advisory boards for Falk Benelux, Takeda, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Abbvie, Pfizer, and Galapagos; and received unrestricted research grants from Takeda, Janssen, Falk Benelux and Pfizer, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}