{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T17:09:00Z","timestamp":1762880940172,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pancreas transplantation remains a key therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Despite advances in medical management, post-transplant complications continue to pose significant risks to graft survival, making early detection essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Given the complexity of pancreas transplantation, multimodality imaging plays a central role in evaluating graft function and identifying complications. Each modality provides pertinent information based on the complication suspected. This review outlines imaging strategies essential for assessing graft viability, distinguishing expected postoperative findings from pathologic conditions, and recognizing early signs of graft dysfunction. It also highlights the expanding role of interventional radiology, emphasizing minimally invasive techniques for effectively managing post-transplant complications and promoting better graft survival. By integrating current imaging protocols with interventional methodologies, this review offers radiologists and transplant clinicians a practical framework to optimize clinical decision-making, improve complication management, and enhance long-term graft outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-025-05003-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:06:30Z","timestamp":1748487990000},"page":"5782-5798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodality diagnostic imaging and role of interventional radiology in pancreas transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Torikai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Swensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fromke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hagspiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Angle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachita","family":"Khot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5003_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White SA, Shaw JA, Sutherland DE (2009) Pancreas transplantation. Lancet 23;373(9677):1808\u20131817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60609-7"},{"key":"5003_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandaswamy R, Stock PG, Miller JM et al (2024) OPTN\/SRTR 2022 annual data report: pancreas. Am J Transplant 24(2S1):S119-S175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.01.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.322115144","volume":"32","author":"FQ Vandermeer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vandermeer FQ, Manning MA, Frazier AA, Wong-You-Cheong JJ (2012) Imaging of whole-organ pancreas transplants. Radiographics 32(2):411-435","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3283355349","volume":"15","author":"C Troppmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Troppmann C (2010) Complications after pancreas transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 15(1):112-118","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"7","key":"5003_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2022.03.059","volume":"54","author":"AC Gruessner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gruessner AC, Gruessner RW (2022) The 2022 International Pancreas Transplant Registry report\u2014a review. Transplant Proc 54(7):1918-1943","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2022.11.019","volume":"43","author":"P Ventura-Aguiar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ventura-Aguiar P, Cabello M, Beneyto I et al (2023) Patient and graft survival in pancreas transplant recipients: the EFISPAN study. Nefrolog\u00eda (Engl Ed) 43(1):133-143","journal-title":"Nefrolog\u00eda (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2022.02.002","volume":"22","author":"M Rousek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rousek M, Whitley A, Kachl\u00edk D et al (2022) The dorsal pancreatic artery: a meta-analysis with clinical correlations. Pancreatology 22(2):325-332","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR8","first-page":"87","volume":"99","author":"ML Samoylova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samoylova ML, Borle D, Ravindra KV (2019) Pancreas transplantation: indications, techniques, and outcomes. Surg Clin 99(1):87-101","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v11.i1.1","volume":"11","author":"J Brice\u00f1o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brice\u00f1o J, S\u00e1nchez-Hidalgo JM, Arjona-Sanchez A (2021) Back-table surgery pancreas allograft for transplantation: implications in complications. World J Transplant 11(1):1","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e32833553de","volume":"15","author":"U Boggi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boggi U, Amorese G, Marchetti P (2010) Surgical techniques for pancreas transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 15(1):102-111","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000434","volume":"22","author":"MR Laftavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laftavi MR, Gruessner A, Gruessner R (2017) Surgery of pancreas transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 22(4):389-397","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200111000-00016","volume":"234","author":"B Philosophe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Philosophe B, Farney AC, Schweitzer EJ et al (2001) Superiority of portal venous drainage over systemic venous drainage in pancreas transplantation: a retrospective study. Ann Surg 234(5):689-696","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b76d2b","volume":"250","author":"HW Sollinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sollinger HW, Odorico JS, Becker YT, et al (2009) One thousand simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants at a single center with 22-year follow-up. Ann Surg 250(4):618-630","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.234025160","volume":"23","author":"P Nikolaidis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nikolaidis P, Amin RS, Hwang CM et al (2003) Role of sonography in pancreatic transplantation. Radiographics 23(4):939-949","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5003_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-005-0076-3","volume":"31","author":"K Sandrasegaran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sandrasegaran K, Lall C, Berry WA, et al (2006) Enteric drainage pancreatic transplantation. Abdom Imaging 31:588-595","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15131585","volume":"275","author":"PP Tolat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tolat PP, Foley WD, Johnson C, et al (2015) Pancreas transplant imaging: how I do it. Radiology 275(1):14-27","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"5003_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.6.9168705","volume":"168","author":"OA Aideyan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aideyan OA, Foshager MC, Benedetti E, et al (1997) Correlation of the arterial resistive index in pancreas transplants of patients with transplant rejection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168(6):1445-1447","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5003_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13733","volume":"33","author":"J Swensson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swensson J, Nagaraju S, O\u2019Brien D et al (2019) Contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound of the transplant pancreas in the post\u2010operative setting. Clin Transplant 33(12):e13733","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.4.1820919","volume":"182","author":"MC Freund","year":"2004","unstructured":"Freund MC, Steurer W, Gassner EM et al (2004) Spectrum of imaging findings after pancreas transplantation with enteric exocrine drainage: part 2, posttransplantation complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182(4):919-925","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.155.5.2120972","volume":"155","author":"DG Longley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Longley DG, Dunn DL, Gruessner R, et al (1990) Detection of pancreatic fluid and urine leakage after pancreas transplantation: value of CT and cystography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 155(5):997-1000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.2.7618555","volume":"165","author":"TP Bischof","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bischof TP, Thoeni RF, Melzer JS (1995) Diagnosis of duodenal leaks from kidney-pancreas transplants in patients with duodenovesical anastomoses: value of CT cystography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 165(2):349-354","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202903","volume":"298","author":"JC Weinreb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weinreb JC, Rodby RA, Yee J et al (2021) Use of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology 298(1):28-35","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2422041261","volume":"242","author":"KD Hagspiel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hagspiel KD, Nandalur K, Pruett TL et al (2007) Evaluation of vascular complications of pancreas transplantation with high-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 242(2):590-599","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.2.01840465","volume":"184","author":"KD Hagspiel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hagspiel KD, Nandalur K, Burkholder B et al (2005) Contrast-enhanced MR angiography after pancreas transplantation: normal appearance and vascular complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184(2):465-473","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2007.10.009","volume":"19","author":"U Bozlar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bozlar U, Brayman KL, Hagspiel KD (2008) Pancreas allografts: comparison of three-dimensional rotational angiography with standard digital subtraction angiography. J Vasc Interv Radiol 19(2):239-244","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5003_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04383-9","volume":"49","author":"S Srinivas Rao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srinivas Rao S, Pandey A, Mroueh N, et al (2024) Comprehensive review of imaging in pancreas transplantation: a primer for radiologists. Abdom Radiology 49(7):2428-2448","journal-title":"Abdom Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2015.09.012","volume":"54","author":"RB O\u2019Malley","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Malley RB, Moshiri M, Osman S, et al (2016) Imaging of pancreas transplantation and its complications. Radiol Clin 54(2):251-266","journal-title":"Radiol Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"5003_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2020.02.002","volume":"101","author":"A David","year":"2020","unstructured":"David A, Frampas E, Douane F et al (2020) Management of vascular and nonvascular complications following pancreas transplantation with interventional radiology. Diagn Interv Imaging 101(10):629-638","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"5003_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0046-3","volume":"1","author":"FA Hampson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hampson FA, Freeman SJ, Ertner J et al (2010) Pancreatic transplantation: surgical technique, normal radiological appearances and complications. Insights Imaging 1:339-347","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"5003_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.333125728","volume":"33","author":"G Low","year":"2013","unstructured":"Low G, Crockett AM, Leung K et al (2013) Imaging of vascular complications and their consequences following transplantation in the abdomen. Radiographics 33(3):633-652","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5003_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.07.028","volume":"69","author":"AP Wasnik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wasnik AP, Aslam AA, Millet JD, et al (2021) Multimodality imaging of pancreas-kidney transplants. Clin Imaging 69:185-195","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"5003_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574412438949","volume":"46","author":"WE Saad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saad WE, Darwish WE, Turba UC et al (2012) Endovascular management of vascular complications in pancreatic transplants. Vasc Endovascular Surg 46(3):262-268","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR33","first-page":"57","volume":"12","author":"SN Oesterle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Oesterle SN, McAuley BJ, Buchbinder M, Simpson JB (1986) Angioplasty at coronary bifurcations: single\u2010guide, two\u2010wire technique. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 12(1):57-63","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"issue":"9","key":"5003_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001363","volume":"8","author":"D Choudhary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choudhary D, Vijayvergiya R, Sharma A et al (2022) Salvage of graft pancreas in a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipient with splenic artery thrombosis, infected walled-off necrosis, and stenting of Y arterial graft stenosis. Transplant Direct 8(9):e1363","journal-title":"Transplant Direct"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e328320a8ec","volume":"14","author":"J Goodman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodman J, Becker YT (2009) Pancreas surgical complications. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 14(1):85-89","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"7","key":"5003_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181eb2ea0","volume":"90","author":"AS Muthusamy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muthusamy AS, Giangrande PL, Friend PJ (2010) Pancreas allograft thrombosis. Transplantation 90(7):705-707","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.2.1750381","volume":"175","author":"WB Eubank","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eubank WB, Schmiedl UP, Levy AE, Marsh CL (2000) Venous thrombosis and occlusion after pancreas transplantation: evaluation with breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 175(2):381-385","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e32834ee717","volume":"17","author":"AC Farney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farney AC, Rogers J, Stratta RJ (2012) Pancreas graft thrombosis: causes, prevention, diagnosis, and intervention. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 17(1):87-92","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.22858","volume":"215","author":"J Swensson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swensson J, Hill D, Tirkes T, et al (2020) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus doppler ultrasound for detection of early vascular complications of pancreas grafts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 215(5):1093-1097","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200104000-00003","volume":"233","author":"DE Sutherland","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sutherland DE, Gruessner RW, Dunn DL et al (2001) Lessons learned from more than 1,000 pancreas transplants at a single institution. Ann Surg 233(4):463-501","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3181966988","volume":"33","author":"JR Dillman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dillman JR, Elsayes KM, Bude RO, et al (2009) Imaging of pancreas transplants: postoperative findings with clinical correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 33(4):609-617","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"5003_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0041-8","volume":"1","author":"M Fran\u00e7a","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a M, Certo M, Martins L, et al (2010) Imaging of pancreas transplantation and its complications. Insights Imaging 1:329-338","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18171","volume":"210","author":"SJ Young","year":"2018","unstructured":"Young SJ, Bergren L, Dunn T et al (2018) Outcomes of endovascular management of late vascular hemorrhage after pancreatic transplant. AJR Am J Roentgenol 210(1):201-206","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.5.9353440","volume":"169","author":"MC Foshager","year":"1997","unstructured":"Foshager MC, Hedlund LJ, Troppmann C, et al (1997) Venous thrombosis of pancreatic transplants: diagnosis by duplex sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169(5):1269-1273","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5003_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.08.010","volume":"46","author":"T Grochowiecki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grochowiecki T, Ga\u0142\u0105zka Z, Madej K et al (2014) Multivariate analysis of complications after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 46(8):2806-2809","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"5003_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0799-4","volume":"37","author":"M Barrufet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barrufet M, Burrel M, Angeles Garc\u00eda-Criado M et al (2014) Pancreas transplants venous graft thrombosis: endovascular thrombolysis for graft rescue. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 37:1226-1234","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5003_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00002","volume":"228","author":"HW Sollinger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sollinger HW, Odorico JS, Knechtle SJ, et al (1998) Experience with 500 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants. Ann Surg 228(3):284-296","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13775","volume":"34","author":"J Ferrer-F\u00e0brega","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrer\u2010F\u00e0brega J, Cano\u2010Vargas B, Ventura\u2010Aguiar P et al (2021) Early intestinal complications following pancreas transplantation: lessons learned from over 300 cases\u2014a retrospective single\u2010center study. Transplant Int 34(1):139-152","journal-title":"Transplant Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab394","volume":"42","author":"DM Turer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turer DM, Aly A (2022) Seromas: how to prevent and treat them\u2014a 20-year experience. Aesthet Surg J 42(5):497-504","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"5003_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2018.10.030","volume":"30","author":"J Knox","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knox J, Watson E, Fidelman N et al (2019) Outcomes after peripancreatic fluid drainage in patients with simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 30(6):918-921","journal-title":"J Vasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23059","volume":"217","author":"M Ozturk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ozturk M, Ozkan O, Laeseke P, Kleedehn MG (2021) Peripancreatic fluid collections after pancreas transplant: safety and efficacy of percutaneous drainage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 217(2):404-410","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5003_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(00)02626-9","volume":"33","author":"RJ Corry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Corry RJ, Chakrabarti P, Shapiro R, et al (2001) Comparison of enteric versus bladder drainage in pancreas transplantation. Transplant Proc 33(1-2):1647-1651","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"5003_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v10.i12.392","volume":"10","author":"J Ferrer-F\u00e0brega","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrer-F\u00e0brega J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz L (2020) Exocrine drainage in pancreas transplantation: complications and management. World J Transplant 10(12):392","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"5003_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2005.00322.x","volume":"19","author":"DS Nath","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nath DS, Gruessner A, Kandaswamy R, et al (2005) Late anastomotic leaks in pancreas transplant recipients\u2014clinical characteristics and predisposing factors. Clin Transplant 19(2):220-224","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"5003_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0164-3","volume":"39","author":"M Vincent","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vincent M, Morla O, Branchereau J, et al (2014) Multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) for the diagnosis of early complications after pancreas transplantation. Abdominal Imaging 39:1186-1192","journal-title":"Abdominal Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1087","volume":"187","author":"CG Lall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lall CG, Sandrasegaran K, Maglinte DT, Fridell JA (2006) Bowel complications seen on CT after pancreas transplantation with enteric drainage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 187(5):1288-1295","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5003_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2009.02.003","volume":"27","author":"S Alkaade","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alkaade S, Fattahi R, Balci NC et al (2009) Acute pancreatic graft fistula and peripancreatic fluid collection: demonstration by secretin-stimulated MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 27(7):1005-1008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5003_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e32835c6f0f","volume":"18","author":"S Nadalin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nadalin S, Girotti P, K\u00f6nigsrainer A (2013) Risk factors for and management of graft pancreatitis. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 18(1):89-96","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"5003_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2024.100861","volume":"38","author":"S Partelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Partelli S, Andreasi V, Tomajer V et al (2024) Exploring definitions of graft pancreatitis following pancreas transplantation: a scoping review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 38(4):100861","journal-title":"Transplant Rev (Orlando)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5003_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31816bcd8c","volume":"247","author":"RM Small","year":"2008","unstructured":"Small RM, Shetzigovski I, Blachar A, et al (2008) Redefining late acute graft pancreatitis: clinical presentation, radiologic findings, principles of management, and prognosis. Ann Surg 247(6):1058-1063","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5003_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000079457.43199.76","volume":"76","author":"A Humar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Humar A, Khwaja K, Ramcharan T et al (2003) Chronic rejection: the next major challenge for pancreas transplant recipients. Transplantation 76(6):918-923","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"5003_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2313030277","volume":"231","author":"TD Atwell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Atwell TD, Gorman B, Larson TS, et al (2004) Pancreas transplants: experience with 232 percutaneous US-guided biopsy procedures in 88 patients. Radiology 231(3):845-849","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5003_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13849","volume":"34","author":"U Fehrenbach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fehrenbach U, Thiel R, Bady PD et al (2021) CT fluoroscopy\u2010guided pancreas transplant biopsies: a retrospective evaluation of predictors of complications and success rates. Transplant Int 34(5):855-864","journal-title":"Transplant Int"},{"key":"5003_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redfield RR, Kaufman DB, Odorico JS (2015) Diagnosis and treatment of pancreas rejection. Curr Transplant Rep 169\u2013175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40472-015-0061-x"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-025-05003-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-025-05003-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-025-05003-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T17:04:09Z","timestamp":1762880649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-025-05003-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-025-05003-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2366-0058"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}